Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj, Terenzio Zenone, Jiquan Chen (Eds.) Sustainable Biofuels Ecosystem Science and Applications Editors Jiquan Chen Heidi Asbjornsen Kristiina A. Vogt Sustainable Biofuels An Ecological Assessment of the Future Energy Edited by Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj Terenzio Zenone Jiquan Chen This work is in the Ecosystem Science and Applications co-published by Higher Education Press and Walter de Gruyter GmbH. ISBN 978-3-11-027584-1 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-027589-6 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-038133-7 ISSN 2196-6737 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2015 Higher Education Press and Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck ♾Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com List of Contributors Albaugh, Janine M. Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA [email protected] Baglivi, Antonella Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy [email protected] Bandaru, Varaprasad UC-Davis Energy Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA [email protected], [email protected] Bar-Tal, Asher Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel [email protected] Bergante, Sara Agricultural Research Council-Research Unit for Intensive Wood Production, St. Frassineto Po 35, 15033 Casale Monferrato, Italy [email protected] Bhardwaj, Ajay K. Soil and Crop Management, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Kach- hwa Road, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India; and DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA [email protected],[email protected], [email protected] vi ListofContributors Ceulemans, Reinhart Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, Uni- versity of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium [email protected] Chen, Jiquan InternationalCenterforEcology,Meteorology,andEnvironment(ICEME),Nan- jing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; and DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA [email protected], [email protected] Domec, Jean Christophe Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR INRA-TCEM 1220, 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France [email protected] Facciotto, Gianni Agricultural Research Council-Research Unit for Intensive Wood Production, St. Frassineto Po 35, 15033 Casale Monferrato, Italy [email protected] Fichot, R´egis University of Orl´eans, Department of Biology, UPRES EA 1207 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), F-45067 Orl´eans, France; and INRA, USC 1328; and Arbres et R´eponses aux Contraintes Hydriques et Environnementales (ARCHE), F-45067 Orl´eans, France regis.fi[email protected] Fike, John H. CropandSoilEnvironmentalSciences,VirginiaTech,Blacksburg,VA24061,USA jfi[email protected] Fiorese, Giulia European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy giuliafi[email protected] Fischer, Milan Global Change Research Centre AV CR v.v.i., Bˇelidla 986, 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; and Department of Agriculture Systems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic fi[email protected] ListofContributors vii Grelle, Achim Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden [email protected] Guariso, Giorgio Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy [email protected] Ioannis, Dimitriou, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Ullsva¨g 16, Box 7043, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden [email protected] Izaurralde, R. C´esar DepartmentofGeographicalSciences,UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark,MD 20742,USA; andTexasAgriLifeResearch&Extension, TexasA&MUniversity, Temple, TX 76502, USA [email protected], [email protected] King, John S. Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA john [email protected] Liska, Adam J. DepartmentofBiologicalSystemsEngineering,UniversityofNebraska,Lincoln, NE 68583-0726,USA [email protected] Pandey, Vimal Chandra Eco-AuditingGroup,NationalBotanicalResearchInstitute,RanaPratapMarg, Lucknow 226001,Uttar Pradesh, India [email protected] Parrish, David J. Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA [email protected] Raghuvanshi, Nidhi Eco-AuditingGroup,NationalBotanicalResearchInstitute,RanaPratapMarg, Lucknow 226001,Uttar Pradesh, India viii ListofContributors Sharma, Dinesh K. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Kachhwa Road, Karnal 132001, HR, India [email protected], [email protected] Singh, Bajrang RestorationEcologyGroup,NationalBotanicalResearchInstitute,RanaPratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India bsingh471@rediffmail.com Singh, Gurbachan Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board, Krishi AnusandhanBhavan-I,Pusa, New Delhi 110012,India; andCentralSoilSalinity ResearchInstitute, Kachhwa Road, Karnal, HR 132001, India [email protected] Singh, Kripal Division of Agronomy and Soil Science, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aro- matic Plants, Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India Singh, Pushpa IndianInstituteofSugarcaneResearch,RaibareliRoad,P.O.Dilkusha,Lucknow 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, India [email protected] Singh, Yashpal Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, India ypsingh [email protected] Solomon, Sushil IndianInstituteofSugarcaneResearch,RaibareliRoad,P.O.Dilkusha,Lucknow 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, India [email protected],[email protected] Trnka, Miroslav Global Change Research Centre AV CR v.v.i., Bˇelidla 986, 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; and Department of Agriculture Systems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic mirek [email protected] Ugg`e, Clara ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, Via Giacomini 28, I-50132 Florence, Italy clara.ugge@etaflorence.it ListofContributors ix Vaknin, Yiftach Department of Agronomy and Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, AgriculturalResearchOrganization,the VolcaniCenter,P.O.Box6,BetDagan 50250, Israel [email protected] Yermiyahu, Uri Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Gilat Research Center, Mobile Post Negev 85-280, Israel [email protected] Zenone, Terenzio DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofAntwerp,2610Wilrijk,Belgium;andDOE- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lans- ing, MI 48824, USA [email protected], [email protected] Zhao, Kaiguang School of Environmentand Natural Resources, Ohio Agricultural Researchand Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA. [email protected]