sustainable agroforestry system

340 Pages·2011·5.89 MB·English

Citation: Omanya GO and Pasternak D. (eds.) 2005. Sustainable Agriculture Systems for the Drylands.
Proceedings of the International Symposium for Sustainable Dryland Agriculture Systems, 2–5
December 2003, Niamey, Niger. Niamey BP 12404, Niger: International Crops Research Institute for the
Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). 336 pp. ISBN 92-9066-477-0. Order Code CPE154.
© ICRISAT 2005
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Editors
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Sponsored by
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Finland International Development Research Center
(IDRC)
Organized by
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International Crops Research International Program for Arid Institut National de
Institute for the Semi-Arid Land Crops (IPALAC) Recherches Agricoles du
Tropics (ICRISAT) Niger (INRAN)
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Finland
International Development Research Center (IDRC)
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Dr S Scherr and Dr S Franzel
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Dr GO Omanya, Prof D Pasternak, Mr A Nikiema, Mr S Abdoussalam, and Mr A Schlissel
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The organizing committee acknowledges the assistance of Miss Nritijuna Naidu in editing,
designing, and compiling the manuscripts for this proceeding.
We thank Mrs Juliet Omanya for compiling the initial draft of this proceeding, Mr Hassane
Bissala and Mr Saidou Abdoussalam for proofreading papers in French.
Further copies of these proceedings are available from:
ICRISAT
Patancheru 502 324
Andhra Pradesh, India
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Preface vi
Chapter 1: Crop Diversification in Agriculture Systems
Existing and improved agroforestry systems in low rainfall areas of India 3
GR Korwar and G Pratibha
Identifying wild food plants for sustainable agroforestry through market survey 17
Albert Nikiema, Dov Pasternak and LJG van der Maesen
Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) based cropping systems in arid and semi-arid regions 29
BB Vashishtha
Chapter 2: Soil and Water Management
Participatory land use analysis for semi-arid regions in Kenya: A nutrient monitoring
approach 37
LN Gachimbi, Van Keulen, AH De Jager, EG Thuranira, AM Karuku, JK Itabari,
SN Nguluu and EM Gichangi
Durabilité du système zaï dans la zone nord du Burkina Faso: Etude des flux
de matières organiques dans l’exploitation 50
K Traoré, FG Hien et V Hien
Main causes of declining soil productivity in Malawi: Effects on agriculture and
management technologies employed to alleviate the problems 59
SFM Kazombo-Phiri
Farmer innovations in mitigating water and nutrient deficiencies in rain fed
agriculture: Lessons from African Conservation Tillage joint pilot activities in
Zimbabwe, Zambia and South Africa 67
M Bwalya
Increasing research impacts through low-cost soil fertility management options
for Africa’s drought-prone areas 82
J Dimes, S Twomlow, J Rusike, B Gerard, R Tabo, A Freeman and JDH Keatinge
Water harvesting for increasing rainwater productivity and combating
land degradation: The case of North Kordofan State, Western Sudan 93
O Alfadni
Farming in the drylands of West Africa: Promising soil fertility restoration technologies 100
A Bationo, R Tabo, J Kihara, J Kimetu, A Adamou and S Koala
Chapter 3: Crop and Tree Improvement and Productivity
Integrated Acacia senegal-based agroforestry for sustainable agriculture and
rehabilitation of degraded systems 129
MA Elfadl and O Luukkanen
Selection de nouvelles variétés synthetiques de mil tolerantes au mildiou a travers
la participation paysanne 139
MD Sanogo, M Mariko, B Siby, D Sogodogo, SB Coulibaly and W De Milliano
Quantification of village level agroforestry biodiversity according to management
units and its livelihood functions in three villages of the Ségou region, Mali 149
A Niang, B Kaya, R Kindt, C Rouxel, S Galletti, B Mounkoro, O Samaké and
C Garneau
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Systèmes de production du Moringa oleifera le long du fleuve Niger:
Quelles perspectives pour leur amélioration? 162
M Larwanou, AT Abass, A Niang and A Djibo
Seed spices crops – status and production potential in low rain areas 173
BB Vashishtha and SK Malhotra
Dynamique de la régénération ligneuse durant la phase de culture dans un système
de culture semi-permanente du Sud du Sénégal 178
E Faye, D Masse and M Diatta
Chapter 4: Building Sustainable Agricultural Systems
Conditions for sustainable farming systems in sahelian drylands: What can we
learn from ‘Success Stories’? 191
M Mortimore
Importance de la biodiversité agroforestière dans les agrosystèmes du Bassin
arachidier du Sénégal 211
M Kaire
Scaling up of agroforestry technologies for smallholder development in the marginal
areas of Tabora and Shinyanga in Tanzania 223
A Oduol, R Swai, S Ruvuga, L Mbwambo, B Gama, G Nyadzi, W Mwageni,
D Mbaruk and K Massibuka
Conservation agriculture as an approach to agricultural development in dryland areas
of Mali 239
JB Aune, A Berthe and M Doumbia
Conservation agriculture pilot trials in Kenya – Impacts and options for scaling up 249
J Mutua
La valorisation de l’agrobiodiversité pour assurer une production agricole durable:
Le cas du sorgho dans la zone cotonnière de Koutiala au Mali 261
D Bazile and M Soumare
Enhancing the productivity and sustainability of integrated crop-livestock systems
in the dry savannahs of West Africa 271
R Tabo, SA Tarawali, BB Singh, A Bationo, B Traore, MD Traore, A Don-Gomma,
EC Odion, S Nokoe, F Harris, VM Manyong, S Fernandez-Rivera,
N de Haan and JW Smith
The sahelian eco-farm 286
D Pasternak, A Nikiema, D Fatondji, J Ndjeunga, S Koala, A Dan Goma
and T Abasse
Systemes integres de production/domaine prioritaire pour action interdisciplinaire
(PRODS/PAIA) 297
C Belem
Recommendations of the symposium 313
Poster papers 317
Symposium participants 322
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The long-standing low crop and livestock productivity of arid lands is a major perpetuator of
hunger and poverty among communities inhabiting these areas. The constraints to dryland
agriculture are intertwined, and include low erratic rainfall, poor soil fertility, water-, wind-,
and soil-erosion, land degradation, pests, and inadequate access to agricultural technologies.
These are compounded by un-sustainable use of land, eg uncontrolled deforestation for
fuelwood, continuous monoculture without rotation, and lack of supportive agriculture
policies at both national and international levels. There is a need for participation of all
stakeholders to mitigate these constraints for a sustainable and profitable production system.
Sustainable agriculture could be looked at as cultivation without reducing the productive
potential of the resource base for the future. The symposium was held considering this
background. In this respect, I would like to acknowledge its birth to Prof Dov Pasternak who
hatched the symposium idea.
This symposium discussed past research findings, experiences and perspectives for
sustainable agriculture in the drylands. It aimed to share, identify and formulate sustainable
and practical strategies for agriculture systems that are applicable by policy makers,
researchers, development workers and farmers in the drylands. The symposium enabled 102
participants from 19 countries in Africa, Asia and Europe to assemble in Niamey, Niger. A
total of 25 papers were presented in four themes, namely, Crop Diversification in Agriculture
Systems, Soil and Water Management, Crop and Tree Improvement and Productivity, and
Building Sustainable Agriculture Production Systems. Following the presentations, a round
table discussion was held to draw recommendations towards a sustainable and profitable
production system. This book reports the recommendations and proceedings of this
symposium. It will be useful to researchers, development officials, policymakers and donors
involved in promoting sustainable agriculture for improved livelihoods of farmers.
Participants encouraged follow up actions that would assist in the realization of the
recommendations.
The Organizing Committee is grateful to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland and the
International Development Research Center (IDRC) for financing the symposium. The
logistic and technical support of Dr S Koala and the ICRISAT-Niamey team; Prof D
Pasternak, A Schlissel and International Program for Arid Lands Crops (IPALAC); and Dr I
Mahamane and the Institut National de Recherches Agronomiques du Niger (INRAN) team is
greatly appreciated. Many thanks to Dr S Scherr and Dr S Franzel for their contribution as the
Scientific Advisory Committee. The committee extends its appreciation to all symposium
participants who made the event fruitful.
Dr Gospel Omanya
Head, Organizing Committee
International Symposium for Sustainable Dryland Agriculture Systems
ICRISAT Sahelian Center, Niamey, Niger
June 2005
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