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Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 60 Nirbhay K. Singh Anirudha Chattopadhyay Eric Lichtfouse Editors Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 60 Microbial Processes in Agriculture Sustainable Agriculture Reviews Volume 60 Series Editor Eric Lichtfouse , State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China Advisory Editors Shivendu Ranjan, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India Nandita Dasgupta, Nano-food Research Group, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India Sustainable agriculture is a rapidly growing field aiming at producing food and energy in a sustainable way for humans and their children. Sustainable agriculture is a discipline that addresses current issues such as climate change, increasing food and fuel prices, poor-nation starvation, rich-nation obesity, water pollution, soil erosion, fertility loss, pest control, and biodiversity depletion. Novel, environmentally-friendly solutions are proposed based on integrated knowledge from sciences as diverse as agronomy, soil science, molecular biology, chemistry, toxicology, ecology, economy, and social sciences. Indeed, sustainable agriculture decipher mechanisms of processes that occur from the molecular level to the farming system to the global level at time scales ranging from seconds to centuries. For that, scientists use the system approach that involves studying components and interactions of a whole system to address scientific, economic and social issues. In that respect, sustainable agriculture is not a classical, narrow science. Instead of solving problems using the classical painkiller approach that treats only negative impacts, sustainable agriculture treats problem sources. Because most actual society issues are now intertwined, global, and fast- developing, sustainable agriculture will bring solutions to build a safer world. This book series gathers review articles that analyze current agricultural issues and knowledge, then propose alternative solutions. It will therefore help all scientists, decision-makers, professors, farmers and politicians who wish to build a safe agriculture, energy and food system for future generations. Nirbhay K. Singh • Anirudha Chattopadhyay Eric Lichtfouse Editors Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 60 Microbial Processes in Agriculture Editors Nirbhay K. Singh Anirudha Chattopadhyay Microbiology Coll. of Agr., Dep. of Plant Pathology Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University Agricultural University Sardarkrushinagar, India Sardarkrushinagar, India Eric Lichtfouse State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an, China ISSN 2210-4410 ISSN 2210-4429 (electronic) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews ISBN 978-3-031-24180-2 ISBN 978-3-031-24181-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24181-9 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface Climate change, pesticide pollution, and the need to produce more food in a safe way is calling for advanced methods to manage crops in a sustainable manner, for instance by improving the association of plants with microorganisms. Microbial communities are extremely diverse, interdependent and multi-functional, and are essential in regulating key processes for ecosystem functioning, yet knowledge on soil microbial communities and their interactions with plants is limited. Indeed, microbial communities control ecological processes such as N-fixation, nutrient acquisition, agro-waste management, biodegradation, carbon sequestration, land reclamation, bioremediation, plant growth promotion, pathogen suppression, induced systemic resistance, tolerance against stresses and soil stability (Fig. 1). This book entitled Microbial Processes in Agriculture reviews the microbial processes that modify positively agroecosystems, from microbial evolution to microbial applications. Advances in genomics have uncovered the evolutionary path of Polysaccharides Fungi Bacteria Mycelium Aggregation of soil particles Forces the soil particles together Polysaccharides Soil Particle Fig. 1 Positive effect of polysaccharides from bacteria and fungi on soil stability. (From Chap. 2) v vi Preface microbes, and have unravelled the biogeochemical processes ruling the interactions of plant and microbes. Chapters focus on nutrient cycling, microbial decomposition of agricultural waste and bioremediation of metal contaminants in soils. The bene- fits of plant-microbe association for the suppression of plant pathogens by induced defence mechanisms are discussed. Sardarkrushinagar, India Nirbhay K. Singh Sardarkrushinagar, India Anirudha Chattopadhyay Xi’an, China Eric Lichtfouse Brief Synopsis of the Book In the context of rising adverse effects of climate change on agriculture, there is a need for advanced methods and practices to manage soils for production of food and energy. This book presents the latest knowledge about microbial processes that control plant growth, with focus on genomic tools, microbial interactions with the plant and soils habitats, mobilization of plant nutrients, agricultural waste management, biodegradation, bioremediation, carbon sequestration, land reclamation, plant growth promotion, suppression of plant pathogens, induced systemic resistance and tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. vii Contents 1 The Perpetual Battle of Bacteria and Phages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Kul Bhushan and Sameer S. Bhagyawant 2 Orchestration of the Plant Microbiome for Enhanced Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Shubha Rani Sharma and Rajani Sharma 3 Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria to Mitigate Biotic and Abiotic Stress in Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Shikha Gupta and Sangeeta Pandey 4 Ecology and Mechanisms of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Amit Verma, Shulbhi Verma, Mahender Singh, Harish Mudila, and Jitendra Kumar Saini 5 Diversity and Evolution of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Pankaj Sharma, Seema Sangwan, Harpreet Kaur, Anupam Patra, Anamika, and Sahil Mehta 6 Encapsulation of Biofertilizers, Biopesticides and Biocontrol Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Geeta Singh and Ishani Paithankar 7 Induced Systematic Resistance and Plant Immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Deepshikha Satish and Sahil Mehta 8 Microbial Elicitors for Priming Plant Defense Mechanisms. . . . . . . . 175 Anamika, Anupam Patra, Sadaf Shehzad, Anju Rani, Pankaj Sharma, K. F. Mohammad, and Sahil Mehta 9 Microbial Mitigation of Abiotic Stress in Crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 A. D. Asha, N. Nivetha, A. K. Lavanya, K. V. Vikram, A. S. Dukare, Bandeppa, B. S. Manjunatha, and S. Paul ix x Contents 10 Microbial Alleviation of Abiotic and Biotic Stresses in Rice . . . . . . . . 243 Upendra Kumar, Megha Kaviraj, Swastika Kundu, Snehasini Rout, Himani Priya, and A. K. Nayak 11 Nutritional Biofortification of Crops by Microbes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Karishma Kumari, Anupam Patra, Kuleshwar Prasad Sahu, Rahul Dilawari, and Sahil Mehta 12 Microbial Rejuvenation of Soils for Sustainable Agriculture . . . . . . . 293 Pankaj Sharma, Anupam Patra, Baljinder Singh, and Sahil Mehta 13 Microbial Remediation of Agricultural Residues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Pankaj Sharma, Seema Sangwan, Harpreet Kaur, Anupam Patra, and Sahil Mehta 14 The Biotechnological Story of Microbial Genes from Soil to Transgenic Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 Karishma Kumari, Anupam Patra, Satyakam Guha, Tushar Goyal, Mukesh Kumar, and Sahil Mehta 15 Microbial Biosurfactants for Green Agricultural Technology . . . . . . 389 Priya Patel, Rushika Patel, Anwesha Mukherjee, and Nasreen S. Munshi 16 Role of Microbes in the Synthesis of Industrial Products from Lignocellulosic Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Balwinder Singh Sooch and Yogita Lugani