Sustainability Measures for COVID-19 Pandemic PDF
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Rashmi Agrawal Mamta Mittal Lalit Mohan Goyal Editors Sustainability Measures for COVID-19 Pandemic Sustainability Measures for COVID-19 Pandemic · · Rashmi Agrawal Mamta Mittal Lalit Mohan Goyal Editors Sustainability Measures for COVID-19 Pandemic Editors RashmiAgrawal MamtaMittal DepartmentofComputerApplications DepartmentofComputerScience ManavRachnaInternationalInstitute andEngineering ofResearchandStudies G.B.PantGovernmentEngineering Faridabad,Haryana,India College NewDelhi,Delhi,India LalitMohanGoyal DepartmentofComputerEngineering J.C.BoseUniversityofScience andTechnology,YMCA Faridabad,Haryana,India ISBN978-981-16-3226-6 ISBN978-981-16-3227-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3227-3 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature SingaporePteLtd.2021 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Preface The pandemic resulted from the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has dramatically affectedthesocietyandindividualsinmanywaysaroundtheworld.Whileemerging technologies have been widely used in the past, the appearance of the COVID-19 pandemic requires the use of these technologies across many sectors. Sustainable developmentisthebuzzwordnow.Itisthemajorresearchareaacrossthedisciplines ofcomputerscienceandengineering,electricalengineering,andotherengineering disciplines as well. It is a holistic approach that sustainable development is the meansofimprovingthelifeofhumanbeings.Thereisastrongneedofmonitoring andanalysisofpandemicsituationforsustainabilitylikeepidemicriskanalysisby usingpatternrecognitionorthementalhealthchallengesduringthisoutbreak.This book will focus on sustainability issues due to COVID outbreak and researcher’s opiniontorestricttheglobalspreadofpandemicandalsohowtosurviveholistically intheenvironment.Itwillalsodiscusstheeconomicimpactsontheworldduetothe coronavirusoutbreak.Ithasbeenorganisedintofourteenchapters. Chapter “Internet of Things and Web Services for Handling Pandemic Chal- lenges”providespromisingsolutionstocombatthecoronavirusoutbreakthrough advancedtechnologies.Tomonitor,track,andcontrolthespreadofvirusesduring thepandemic,IoTandsimilarsensor-basedtechnologieshavebeenemployedwhich canhandleremotelywithsupportofcloudandartificialintelligence.TheHardware Meets Software establishes a secure remote monitoring system between patients anddoctors,facilitatingtelehealthservicestoberendered.VariousWebserviceslike RESTfulAPIstotrackCOVID-19includeCORD-19,deployedonVespaCloud,that enablessearchandnavigationonOpenResearchDataset,etc.Cloud-basedservices are employed to support remote work-from-home operations, e-commerce, retail, health care, and entertainment segments. Another sector is the energy and utility verticals,whichusesITservicemanagement(PaaS&SaaS)andinfrastructure(IaaS) fordigitaltransformationduringthispandemic. Chapter “Corona Thwack: Socio-Economic Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic inIndia”,focusesthatthedisruptivecoronapandemiccausedIndiatowitnessadevas- tatingcrisiscommontothewholeworld.Earthturnedintoa“globalvillage”where eachandeverypersonofeachandeverycommunityandlocalitystrivedtowardsa v vi Preface common attack of the infectious disease COVID-19. This phenomenon came as a blowtowardsthesocialandeconomicimpetusofIndia.COVID-19scolossalwreck pavedtowardslockdownoftheentirenationwhich,inturn,renderedasevereloss worth billions of earnings of the government, along with, the impairment towards employment,productionprocess,cultivation,socialorder,andmanyothernational, economic,andsocietalissues.Thepresentstudyisanattempttowardsadiscourse analysis of the socio-economic impact of the common corona culture caused by coronavirusonIndia. Chapter “Mathematical Modeling on Double Quarantine Process in the Spread and Stability of COVID-19” formulates the transmission of COVID-19 and its stability. In the susceptible class, pre-quarantine technique is implemented for the individualswhohavecomefromthedisease-proneareas.Similarly,intheinfected compartment post-quarantine technique is implemented. As per the principle of mathematicalepidemiology,therateofchangeofeachcompartmentisexpressedin the form of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The differential equations are nonlinear in nature which are associated with the disease parameters, namely rate ofnaturaldeath,deathduetoCOVID-19,immigrant’sinflux,spreadandrecovery. Fourth-orderRunge–KuttanumericaltechniqueisusedtosolveODEs.Theglobal stabilityisexplainedonthebasisofLyapunovfunction.Routh–Hurwitztheoremis appliedforthebehaviourofeigenvaluestodiscussthedisease-freeequilibrium.This investigationshowsthatthediseasewillbestableforalongrunduetoquarantine process. Chapter “A Study and Novel AI/ML-Based Framework to Detect COVID-19 VirusUsingSmartphoneEmbeddedSensors”presentsaframeworkbasedonsmart phonesandartificialintelligence.Thebenefitsareincreasedproductivity,reliability, andavailabilityofadvancedinfrastructure.Therearevarioussensorsembeddedin thesmartphonessuchasproximitysensor,lightsensor,accelerometer,gyroscope, andfingerprintsensorswhichhaveveryfastprocessorsandmemoryspacemakingit easytoreadthesensorsandscantheCTimages,andthesignalmeasurementsinthe sensorsofthesmartphonesarereadwhichscantheCTimagesforreliablediagnosis ofthedisease. Chapter“TransmissionModellingonCOVID-19PandemicandItsChallenges” focuses on a proper mathematical model with its associated parameters that leads better prediction to spread of COVID-19 virus and its future preparedness. The authors have mainly focused on hospitalized quarantine and proposed the mathe- maticalmodel,justifyingitspositivity.Here,boththestabilityanalysislikelocalas well as global are discussed, which depends upon the basic reproduction number. ThenumericalsimulationandgraphicalanalysisareanalysedbythehelpofRaunge– Kuttamethods.Finally,theoutcomesofthemodelrepresentthatperson-to-person contactisthemaincauseofthispandemicCOVID-19.Lastly,thismodelconcludes that hospitalization is the best approach to reduce the infection and the fear of pandemicsituations. Chapter“EffectofCOVID-19PandemiconMentalHealth:AnUnder-Realized Sociological Enigma”, discusses that the COVID-19 pandemic has vexed funda- mentalmentalprosperitybalancein93%ofcountriesworldwidewhiletheinterest Preface vii foremotionalwell-beingisexpandingaspertheWHOoverview.Thisbriefreview investigatesdownword’simpactonpsychologicalstatusintheCOVID-19pandemic worldwide,particularlywithrespecttoIndia,basedonthedatapublishedinvarious electronicmedia.Theauthorsalsodiscussabouttheramificationsofsocialdistancing rehearsesandthefinancialdownturnonpsychologicalwellness,justasdifficulties ingettingtooemotionalwell-being. Chapter“PredictingtheCOVID-19OutspreadinAndhraPradeshUsingHybrid DeepLearning”analysesthatCOVID-19isoneofthemajorhealthcarechallenges around the world today, but physical detection of the COVID-19 positive patients is time-consuming due to the limited data sources. Thus, the deep learning classi- fiers and the blood test parameters perform a significant part in the prediction of thediseaseand deathofCOVID-19.Theparameters likeage,gender,lacticdehy- drogenase(LDH),lymphocytecountreporttheseverityofCOVID-19.Thefeatures lacticdehydrogenase(LDH),C-reactiveprotein(CRP),lymphocytecountpredicts themortalityoftheCOVID-19patientswithaccurateaccuracy.Deeplearningclas- sifiers can detect nonlinear relationships and interactions between parameters and explainbetterperformance. Chapter“MentalHealthDeclineDuringCoronaVirusOutbreak”,highlightsthe factthattheonsetoflockdowndidhaveasignificantpsychologicalimpactinIndia, with62%ofpeopleexperiencingmoderatetoseverestress.Atamoregranularlevel, individualswerefoundtohavebeenessentiallyaffectedregardingtheirsentiments of nervousness, outrage/crabbiness, and dejection. It was discovered that the most significant reason for this effect was the vulnerability of how long the pandemic wouldlast.Thischapterfocusesonemphasizingthestresslevelsexperiencedonall portionsofrespondents,maybeunderstudies,businesspeople,orworkingexperts, ordinarylaypeopleandchildrenofallcategories. Chapter“SocialChallengesandConsequencesofCOVID-19”presentsthatthe epidemic of COVID-19 touches all fragments of the population and is especially harmful to participants of those social groups in the most disadvantaged circum- stancesandcontinuestohaveanemotionalimpactonthegroupofpeople,including those living in situations of poverty, the elderly, people with disabilities, young people,andindigenouspeople.Ifthecommunitydisasterisnotadequatelyaddressed bypolicy,inequality,exclusion,discrimination,andglobalunemploymentwillalso increaseoverthemediumandlongterm.Whendeveloped,robust,worldwidesocial safeguard programmes play an enduring role in protecting workers and dropping thepervasivenessofpovertybyservingasautomaticstabilizers.Thisisanissueof universalhumanunity.Itisalsoimportantforthefightagainstthevirus.Nowisthe timefortheinsecuretostepup. Chapter “Economic Impact and Measures of Corona Regime” presents that country-widelockdownduringCOVID-19resultedinunwanteddisruptionofglobal demand and supply chains eventually resulting in inevitable slump of the world economy.Severalstudiesfearthattheestimatedlosstoglobaleconomicgrowthin 2020couldbeinrangeof−4.5%to−6.0%andpossibilitiesofanyrevivalcanonly bevisibleinthelaterpartof2021.However,therecentreappearanceofcontagious casesinsomepartsofEuropeandtheUSAcouldfurtherweakenordelayanychances viii Preface ofearlyeconomicrecovery.Thereportpresentsasummaryofthefinancialimpact causedbecauseofthepandemicandstepstakenbyvariousgovernmentstoreviveit throughnecessaryfiscalmeasurestoboostliquidity. Chapter “Modeling the Impact of Various Treatment and Prevention Tact’s onCOVID-19Worldwide”comparesthatvariousmodelslikeBHRPtransmission modelandSIRandSEIRmodelstodevelopthetacticsoftreatmentandprevention forCOVID-19virus.Developingsuchtacticsinvolvesfullunderstandingofhowthe virusisspreadingallovertheworld.Varioustreatmentandpreventionmethodshave been started worldwide such as BCG vaccination, plasma therapy, antiviral drugs, immunoboosters,etc.,todecreasethehighdeathratecausedbecauseofCOVID-19 pandemic.Withthestudyofthesemodels,theauthorshaveput-onfocusondifferent controlfactorstounderstandtheresultsofrecoveryfromCOVID-19virus. Chapter “Understanding Emotional Health Sustainability Amidst COVID-19 ImposedLockdown”reportsabouttheemotionalhealthduringthelockdownphases inIndiaasacasestudy.Thisstudy’sempiricalfindingsarebaseduponeightemotions: Anger, Anticipation, Disgust, Fear, Joy, Sadness, Surprise, and Trust. The authors havedescribedhoweverylockdownimpactedtheemotionsamongpeopleinworst- hitIndianstatestowardsCOVID-19casesbyanalysinghowaparticularlockdown comestobeassociatedwithdistressandreliefanddevelopedanautomatedtoolto pictoriallyrepresentemotions,https://emotiontrackerindia.herokuapp.com/.Under- standingtheemotionalandmentalhealthofthemassesmakesthenationsproactive andfuture-ready.Adoptionofsuitablesustainabilitymeasuresattherighttimemiti- gates such crisis-like situations. Thus, this chapter puts forth an emotion analysis mechanismusingsocialmediaandrecommendationsforupcomingemergencies. Chapter “Industry 4.0 Technologies and Their Applications in Fighting COVID-19” discusses the Industry 4.0 applications, methods, and case studies in variousapplications,whichareessentialtohandlethesuddenpandemiclikeCOVID- 19.Suchsituationsdemandtherequirementofamedicalfacilityinanonlinearway whichishardtohandlewithtraditionaldemand–supplystrategy.Thismayleadto insufficientoccupancyofservices,etc.Thisinsufficientoccupancyleadstobiglosses inpublichealthandlives.Thesescenarioscanbehandledbypromotingtheusageof advancedtechnologyasasubstituteformanyservices.Inthispandemicsituation,the manpowerrequirementcanbereplacedwithautomateddevicesandcyberphysical systems,whichwillassistand substitutehumans inproviding thevarious services likereal-timeassistance,observation,medication,sanitization,etc. Chapter “Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)-Enabled TeleCOVID System forDiagnosisofCOVID-19Patients”presentsawell-developedschemeofintegrated computationaltactics,digital,andmechanicalmachinescapableofdistributingdata overadefinednetworkwithoutanyhumaninterventionatanystage.Theauthorshave developedaTeleCOVIDdiagnosticsystemformonitoringCOVID-19patientswith bodytemperature,oxygensaturationlevel,heartrate,throat,andpatient’sbehaviour. AWebplatformhasbeendevelopedtomonitorthepatient’ssymptoms,andasmart- phone application is alsodeveloped and used todetect thepatient’s activities.The accuracyoftheactivitydetectionsystemhasreached81.82%at0.82precision.The Preface ix overall system showed promising results for several test trials, and it is named as InternetofMedical-EnabledTeleCOVIDSystem. The editors are very thankful to all the members of Springer (India) Private Limited,especiallyLoyolaD’Silva,forthegivenopportunitytoeditthisbook. Faridabad,India RashmiAgrawal NewDelhi,India MamtaMittal Faridabad,India LalitMohanGoyal Contents Internet of Things and Web Services for Handling Pandemic Challenges ........................................................ 1 DuddelaSaiPrashanth,JanardhanaSwamy,andShreyasSureshRao CoronaThwack:Socio-EconomicImpactofCovid-19Pandemic inIndia ........................................................... 21 AnuradhaBhattacharjee Mathematical Modeling on Double Quarantine Process intheSpreadandStabilityofCOVID-19 ............................ 37 JangyadattaBehera, AswinKumarRauta, YerraShankarRao, andSairamPatnaik AStudyandNovelAI/ML-BasedFrameworktoDetectCOVID-19 VirusUsingSmartphoneEmbeddedSensors ......................... 59 ManvinderSharma, BikramjitSharma, AnujKumarGupta, DishantKhosla,SumeetGoyal,andDigvijayPandey Transmission Modelling on COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Challenges ........................................................ 75 BinayakDihudi, YerraShankarRao, SanjayKumarRout, andTariniCharanPanda Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health: AnUnder-RealizedSociologicalEnigma ............................. 91 KunalBhattacharya, AtanuBhattacharjee, andNongmaithemRandhoniChanu PredictingtheCOVID-19OutspreadinAndhraPradeshUsing HybridDeepLearning ............................................. 115 BhimavarapuUsharani MentalHealthDeclineDuringCoronaVirusOutbreak ............... 135 BharathiSwaminathanandAnanthKumarTamilarasan xi
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