RobertJ.Howlett,LakhmiC.Jain,andShaunH.Lee(Eds.) SustainabilityinEnergyandBuildings SmartInnovation,SystemsandTechnologies7 Editors-in-Chief Prof.RobertJ.Howlett Prof.LakhmiC.Jain KESInternational SchoolofElectricalandInformationEngineering POBox2115 UniversityofSouthAustralia Shoreham-by-sea Adelaide,MawsonLakesCampus BN439AF SouthAustraliaSA5095 UK Australia E-mail:[email protected] E-mail:[email protected] Furthervolumesofthisseriescanbefoundonourhomepage:springer.com Vol.1.ToyoakiNishida,LakhmiC.Jain,andColetteFaucher(Eds.) ModelingMachineEmotionsforRealizingIntelligence,2010 ISBN978-3-642-12603-1 Vol.2.GeorgeA.Tsihrintzis,MariaVirvou,andLakhmiC.Jain(Eds.) MultimediaServicesinIntelligentEnvironments– SoftwareDevelopmentChallengesandSolutions,2010 ISBN978-3-642-13354-1 Vol.3.GeorgeA.TsihrintzisandLakhmiC.Jain(Eds.) MultimediaServicesinIntelligentEnvironments– IntegratedSystems,2010 ISBN978-3-642-13395-4 Vol.4.GloriaPhillips-Wren,LakhmiC.Jain, KazumiNakamatsu,andRobertJ.Howlett(Eds.) AdvancesinIntelligentDecisionTechnologies– ProceedingsoftheSecondKESInternational SymposiumIDT2010,2010 ISBN978-3-642-14615-2 Vol.5.RobertJ.Howlett(Ed.) InnovationthroughKnowledgeTransfer,2010 ISBN978-3-642-14593-3 Vol.6.GeorgeA.Tsihrintzis,ErnestoDamiani, MariaVirvou,RobertJ.Howlett, andLakhmiC.Jain(Eds.) IntelligentInteractiveMultimediaSystems andServices,2010 ISBN978-3-642-14618-3 Vol.7.RobertJ.Howlett,LakhmiC.Jain,and ShaunH.Lee(Eds.) SustainabilityinEnergyandBuildings,2010 ISBN978-3-642-17386-8 Robert J.Howlett,Lakhmi C.Jain, and Shaun H.Lee (Eds.) Sustainability in Energy and Buildings Results of the Second International Conference on Sustainability in Energy and Buildings (SEB’10) 123 Prof.RobertJ.Howlett Dr.ShaunH.Lee KESInternational KESInternational P.O.Box2115,Shoreham-by-Sea, 2ndFloor,145-157St.JohnStreet BN439AF,UK London,EC1V4PY E-mail:[email protected] UK E-mail:[email protected] Prof.LakhmiC.Jain SchoolofElectricalandInformation Engineering, UniversityofSouthAustralia, Adelaide, MawsonLakesCampus, SouthAustraliaSA5095, Australia E-mail:[email protected] ISBN 978-3-642-17386-8 e-ISBN 978-3-642-17387-5 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-17387-5 Smart Innovation,Systemsand Technologies ISSN2190-3018 (cid:2)c 2011 Springer-VerlagBerlin Heidelberg Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically therights of translation, reprinting,reuse ofillustrations, recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyother way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution undertheGerman Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: ScientificPublishing Services Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India. Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com Foreword KES International (KES) is a worldwide organization that provides a professional community and association for researchers, originally in the discipline of Knowl- edge Based and Intelligent Engineering Systems, but now extending into other related areas. Through this, KES provides its members with opportunities for pub- lication and beneficial interaction. The focus of KES is research and technology transfer in the area of Intelligent Systems, i.e. computer-based software systems that operate in a manner analogous to the human brain, in order to perform advanced tasks. Recently KES has started to extend its area of interest to encompass the contribution that intelligent systems can make to sustainability and renewable energy, and also the knowledge transfer, innovation and enterprise agenda. Involving several thousand researchers, managers and engineers drawn from universities and companies world-wide, KES is in an excellent position to facili- tate international research co-operation and generate synergy in the area of artifi- cial intelligence applied to real-world ‘Smart’ systems and the underlying related theory. The KES annual conference covers a broad spectrum of intelligent systems top- ics and attracts several hundred delegates from a range of countries round the world. KES also organizes symposia on specific technical topics, for example, Agent and Multi Agent Systems, Intelligent Decision Technologies, Intelligent Interactive Multimedia Systems and Services, Sustainability in Energy and Build- ings and Innovations through Knowledge Transfer. KES is responsible for two peer-reviewed journals, the International Journal of Knowledge based and Intelli- gent Engineering Systems, and Intelligent Decision Technologies: an International Journal. Published by Springer, ‘Smart Innovative Systems and Technologies’ is the KES flagship book series. The aim of the series is to make available a platform for the publication of books (in both hard copy and CRROM form) on all aspects of single and multi-disciplinary research involving smart innovative systems and technologies, in order to make the latest results available in a readily-accessible form. The series covers systems that employ knowledge and intelligence in a broad sense. Its focus is systems having embedded knowledge and intelligence, which may be applied to the solution of world industrial, economic and environmental problems and the knowledge-transfer methodologies employed to make this happen effec- tively. The combination of intelligent systems tools and a broad range of applica- tions introduces a need for a synergy of scientific and technological disciplines. VI Foreword Examples of applicable areas to be covered by the series include intelligent deci- sion support, smart robotics and mechatronics, knowledge engineering, intelligent multi-media, intelligent product design, intelligent medical systems, smart indus- trial products, smart alternative energy systems, and underpinning areas such as smart systems theory and practice, knowledge transfer, innovation and enterprise. The series includes conference proceedings, edited collections, monographs, handbooks, reference books, and other relevant types of book in areas of science and technology where smart systems and technologies can offer innovative solutions. High quality is an essential feature for all book proposals accepted for the se- ries. It is expected that editors of all accepted volumes take responsibility for en- suring that contributions are subjected to an appropriate level of reviewing process and adhere to KES quality principles. Professor Robert J. Howlett Executive Chair, KES International Visiting Professor, Enterprise: Bournemouth University United Kingdom Preface Welcome to the proceedings of the Second International Conference on Sustain- ability in Energy and Buildings, SEB’10, held in the City of Brighton and Hove in the United Kingdom. Organized by the KES International organization, SEB'10 formed a welcome opportunity for researchers in subjects related to sustainability, renewable energy technology, and applications in the built environment to mix with other scientists, industrialists and stakeholders in the field. SEB 2010 attracted papers on a range of renewable energy and sustainability related topics and in addition the conference explored two innovative themes:- • The application of intelligent sensing, control, optimization and modeling techniques to sustainability and • The technology of sustainable buildings. These techniques could ultimately be applied to the intelligent building SEB 2010, the second conference in the SEB series, attracted over 100 submis- sions from around the world. These were subjected to a two-stage blind peer- review process. With the objective of producing a high quality conference, fewer than 30 of these were selected for presentation at the conference and publication in the proceedings. The papers for presentation were grouped into five themes: Building Sustain- ability, Sustainable Power Generation, Sustainable Energy Policy and Strategy, Energy Monitoring and Management and Solar Energy Technology. Two prominent research professors gave interesting and informative keynote talks. Professor Andrew Miller from the Centre for Sustainability of the Built Environment at the University of Brighton, UK, gave a talk entitled “Building Energy Efficiency: - Towards Energy Sustainability”. Professor Roger Morgan from the School of Engineering at Liverpool John Moores University, UK, spoke on the “Displacement of Conventional Domestic Energy Demands by 'Green' Electricity”. The conference papers are now included in these proceedings, published post conference by Springer-Verlag in the new KES-Springer Smart Innovations, Sys- tems and Technologies book series. Thanks are due to the very many people who have given their time and good- will freely to make the SEB’10 a success. We would like to thank the Deputy Mayor of Brighton and Hove, Councillor Garry Peltzer Dunn for opening the con- ference. We would like to thank the members of the International Programme VIII Preface Committee who were essential in providing their reviews of the conference pa- pers, ensuring appropriate quality. We thank the high-profile keynote speakers for providing interesting talks to inform delegates and provoke discussion. Important contributors to SEB’10 were made by the authors, presenters and delegates with- out whom the conference could not have taken place, so we offer them our thanks. The KES Secretariat staff worked hard to bring the conference to a high level of organization, and we thank them. Finally we thank the staff of the Holiday Inn, where the conference was held, and the people of Brighton and Hove for welcom- ing the event. I hope that you will find the SEB’10 proceedings an interesting, informative and useful collection, of papers. I hope to see you at a future KES event. Professor Robert J. Howlett Bournemouth University, UK Professor Lakhmi. C. Jain University of South Australia, Australia Mr Shaun H. Lee University of Brighton, UK Editors Organization Conference and Executive Chair Professor Robert J. Howlett Executive Chair, KES International & Bournemouth University, United Kingdom Chair (Knowledge Based and Intelligent Systems) Professor Lakhmi C. Jain University of South Australia Chair (Renewable Energy) Professor Ali Sayigh Chairman of World Renewable Energy Congress Director General of WREN Chair (Electricity Generation and Distribution) Professor Roger Morgan Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom Chair (Intelligent Buildings) Professor In-Young Ko Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology South Korea Chair (Built Environment) Professor Andrew Miller Centre for Sustainability in the Built Environment University of Brighton, United Kingdom X Organization Chair (China Liaison) Professor Hong Jin Director of Green Building Research Institute Director of Architectural Technology Department Harbin Institute of Technology, China Local Arrangements Chair Mr Shaun Lee Centre for Smart Systems University of Brighton, United Kingdom KES International The organisation and operation of SEB'10 is the responsibility of the KES Interna- tional organisation Executive Chair Prof Robert J. Howlett KES International & Bournemouth University, UK Founder Professor Lakhmi Jain University of South Australia, Australia International Program Committee Name Affiliation Prof. Vivek Agarwal Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India Prof. Abdel Aitouche Haute Etudes Ingenieurs Grande Ecole, Lille, France Prof. Aziz Naamane Laboratoire des Sciences del’Information et des Systèmes, Marseilles, France Prof. Frede Blaabjerg Aalborg University Inst. Of Energy Technology, Denmark Prof. Antonio F. Caballero University of Castilla La Mancha, Spain Dr George Chen Heriot-Watt University, UK Prof. Derek J Croome University of Reading, UK Luis A Fajardo-Ruano Universidad Michoacana of San Nicolás of Hidalgo, Mexico Prof. Ahmed Hajjaji University of Picardie, Jules Verne, France