Survival for a Small Planet: The Sustainable Development Agenda PDF
Preview Survival for a Small Planet: The Sustainable Development Agenda
Survival for a Small Planet: The Sustainable Development Agenda Edited by Tom Bigg EARTHSCAN Publications Ltd. Survival for a Small Planet [-2], (2) Lines: 21 to 23 ——— 0.0pt PgVar ——— Normal Page PgEnds: TEX [-2], (2) Kim—UniversityofNebraskaPress/Pageii/ /GrowingUpwithBaseball: HowWeLovedandPlayedtheGame/GaryLand Survival for a Small Planet The Sustainable Development Agenda Edited by Tom Bigg London • Sterling, VA First published by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2004 Copyright © The International Institute for Environment and Development,2004 All rights reserved ISBN: 1-84407-077-8 paperback 1-84407-076-X hardback Typesetting by MapSet Ltd,Gateshead,UK Printed and bound by Creative Print and Design (Wales),Ebbw Vale Cover design by Declan Buckley For a full list of publications please contact: Earthscan 8–12 Camden High Street London,NW1 0JH,UK Tel:+44 (0)20 7387 8558 Fax:+44 (0)20 7387 8998 Email:[email protected] Web:www.earthscan.co.uk 22883 Quicksilver Drive,Sterling,VA 20166-2012,USA Earthscan publishes in association with WWF-UK and the International Institute for Environment and Development A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Survival for a small planet :the sustainable development agenda / edited by Tom Bigg. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-84407-077-8 (pbk.) – ISBN 1-84407-076-X (hardback) 1.Sustainable development.I.Bigg,Tom. HD75.6.S856 2004 338.9'27--dc22 2003018295 This book is printed on elemental chlorine-free paper Contents List of Tables, Figures and Boxes viii List of Contributors x Forewordby Mohammed Valli Moosa,minister of environmental affairs and tourism,South Africa xviii List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xx Acknowledgements xxiv Part 1: Global Governance 1 The World Summit on Sustainable Development:Was it Worthwhile? Tom Bigg, IIED 3 2 Security and Sustainability Jan Pronk, IIED chair and former UN secretary-general’s special envoy for WSSD 23 3 The Trade and Environment Agenda Post-Johannesburg Mark Halle, IISD and Nicola Borregaard, RIDES (Chile) 32 4 Moving Beyond Kyoto:Developing Countries,Climate Change and Sustainable Development Adil Najam, Tufts University (US) and SDPI (Pakistan), Saleemul Huq, BCAS (Bangladesh) and Youba Sokona, ENDA (Senegal) 46 5 Financing Sustainable Development:Is There Life after Johannesburg? Adil Najam, Tufts University (US) and SDPI (Pakistan) 59 6 Global Public Goods:Some Key Questions Keith Bezanson, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex 67 7 Towards Better Multilateral Environmental Agreements:Filling the Knowledge Gaps Adil Najam, Tufts University (US) and SDPI (Pakistan) 74 vi SURVIVALFORASMALLPLANET 8 The International Framework for Action:Is the CSD the Best We Can Do? Simon Upton, chairman of the OECD Round Table on Sustainable Development 85 Part 2: National and Local Governance 9 National Sustainable Development Strategies Stephen Bass and Barry Dalal-Clayton, IIED 101 10 Striving for Good Governance in Urban Areas:The Role of Local Agenda 21s in Africa,Asia and Latin America Gordon McGranahan, IIED, Liliana Miranda, Ecociudad, David Satterthwaite, IIED and Luz Stella Velasquez, IDEA-UN 121 Part 3: Equity and Sustainable Development – Towards New Ways of Working? 11 Environment and Human Rights:A New Approach to Sustainable Development Maria Adebowale, Capacity Global, Chris Church, ANPED, Beatrice Nduta Kairie, ELCI, Boris Vasylkivsky and Yelena Panina, Eco-Pravo Kyiv 137 12 The Politics of Radical Partnerships:Sustainable Development, Rights and Responsibilities Charles Secrett, former executive director, Friends of the Earth UK 152 13 The Age of Globalization Tariq Banuri, SEI Boston 173 14 What Does the Feminization of Labour Mean for Sustainable Livelihoods? Nazneen Kanji, IIED and Kalyani Menon-Sen, UNDP India 180 15 Environment and Human Health:Towards a Shared Agenda for Sustainable Development Gordon McGranahan, IIED and Marianne Kjellén, SEI 191 16 The Links between Migration,Globalization and Sustainable Development Cecilia Tacoli, IIED 200 17 Research Partnerships for Sustainable Development Steve Bass, IIED 207 CONTENTS vii Part 4: Poverty Reduction and Natural Resource Management 18 Poverty and Environment Damian Killeen, Poverty Alliance Scotland and Shaheen Rafi Khan, SDPI (Pakistan) 215 19 Forest Policy and Practice since UNCED Steve Bass, James Mayers and Sonja Vermeulen, IIED 227 20 Poverty Reduction through Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity Izabella Koziell, DFID and Charles McNeill, UNDP 247 21 Reconciling Agriculture and Wildlife:Policy and Research Challenges of ‘Ecoagriculture’ Sara J Scherr, Forest Trends (US) and Jeffrey A McNeely, IUCN 258 22 Improving Access to Water and Sanitation:Rethinking the Way Forward in Light of the Millennium Development Goals Gordon McGranahan and David Satterthwaite, IIED 268 Part 5: Markets and Sustainable Development 23 Do the Poor Count? Roberto Bissio, Third World Institute (Uruguay) 285 24 The Chains of Agriculture:Sustainability and the Restructuring of Agrifood Markets Bill Vorley, IIED 292 25 Pro-poor Tourism:Harnessing the World’s Largest Industry for the World’s Poor;Turning the Rhetoric into Action for Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Dilys Roe, IIED and Penny Urquhart, Khanya, South Africa 309 26 Mining and Minerals:Breaking New Ground Luke Danielson, IIED 326 27 Corporate Citizenship:Revisiting the Relationship between Business, Good Governance and Sustainable Development Halina Ward, IIED, Nicola Borregaard, RIDES (Chile) and Paul Kapelus, Africa Institute of Corporate Citizenship (South Africa) 343 Index 353 List of Tables, Figures and Boxes Tables 9.1 Changing approaches to strategies 117 15.1 Burden of disease,by cause and region (1990) 195 22.1 A more integrated perspective on demand-side water management 275 25.1 Significance of international tourism to poor countries 316 27.1 Drivers of corporate social responsibility 347 Figures 7.1 Who:different research suppliers have different core strengths 76 7.2 What:different types of research are required 77 7.3 When:different phases are motivated by different types of research focus 79 7.4 The IPCC experiment:driving research;driving agenda 80 9.1 A ‘continuous improvement’approach to sustainable development strategies 116 10.1 Affluence and the urban environment 131 15.1 A stylized environmental transition 194 15.2 Physical environmental contribution to the global burden of disease,by selected disease groups 196 15.3 The environmental portion of the global burden of disease 197 21.1 Global biodiversity hotspots 259 21.2 Geographic relation between protected areas and agricultural land 261 22.1 National share of households with access to improved water sources by GDP per capita and presence or absence of water stress 273 Boxes 1.1 WSSD terminology:a short guide 11 1.2 EU discussion paper on the Global Deal (December 2001) 12 1.3 Key outcomes from CSD11 19 3.1 Benefits of further liberalization? 37 9.1 Scope of research needed for sustainable development 113 10.1 Examples of Local Agenda 21s 128 LISTOFTABLES,FIGURESANDBOXES ix 14.1 Why are women disadvantaged in the labour market? 181 14.2 The Philippine garment industry 182 14.3 The Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWA),Ahmedabad, India 183 14.4 Women’s role in horticulture:Chile and South Africa 184 14.5 Women’s role in household food security:Orissa,India 185 14.6 ‘Adjusting to adjustment’in Delhi,India 188 18.1 Examples of environmental injustice in the UK 223 19.1 Who relies on trees and forests? 234 19.2 Benefits to local livelihoods from pro-poor forestry 235 19.3 Advantages to governments of pro-poor forestry 236 19.4 Regulations benefit livelihoods and forests when poor people have rights and control 237 19.5 The challenge to making forestry profits legal and equitable 237 19.6 Water,forests and poverty reduction 237 19.7 Agriculture,forests and poverty reduction 238 19.8 Health,forests and poverty reduction 238 19.9 Energy,forests and poverty reduction 239 19.10 Employment,forests and poverty reduction 240 19.11 Land titles,forests and poverty reduction 241 19.12 Forest product markets,forests and poverty reduction 242 19.13 Biodiversity conservation,forests and poverty reduction 243 19.14 Carbon management,forests and poverty reduction 244 20.1 The UN Convention on Biological Diversity 248 20.2 Biodiversity contributes to poverty reduction in at least five key areas 249 20.3 Millennium Development Goals and Targets 250 20.4 About the Equator Initiative 256 24.1 Diverging rural worlds 293 24.2 Processing tomatoes as a strategic agricultural commodity 297 24.3 Smallholders and agribusiness:contract potato production in northern Thailand 302 25.1 Tourism facts and figures 310 25.2 Pro-poor tourism 312 25.3 Ten sustainability needs 314 25.4 Significance of tourism to South Africa 315 25.5 Tackling poverty through tourism in South Africa 317 25.6 The road to Johannesburg 318 25.7 Responsible tourism in South Africa 319 25.8 Pro-poor tourism around South Africa’s Addo Elephant National Park 322
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