Survey of cherry diseases - INRA Bordeaux-Aquitaine

34 Pages·2012·7.14 MB·English

PPaatthhooggeennss aanndd ppeessttss
ooff cchheerrrryy
Joanna Puławska
Research Institute of Horticulture
Skierniewice, Poland
COST Action FA1104 meeting, Palermo, Italy, 21st -23rd of November 2012
Research Institute of Horticulture
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
RREESSEEAARRCCHH
DDIIRREECCTTOORR
CCOOUUNNCCIILL
DDIIVVSSIIOONN DDIIVVSSIIOONN DDIIVVSSIIOONN DDIIVVSSIIOONN
OF POMOLOGY OF VEGETABLE CROPS OF FLORICULTURE OF APICULTURE
Skierniewice Skierniewice Skierniewice Puławy
11 4 5 4
19 10 6 2
Departments Laboratories
Fruit production in Poland
3103 (
thous. Tons)
58
29 201 16
79
194
52
213
113
76
2552
Apples Pears Plums
Sour cherries Sweet cherries Others from orchads
Strawberries Raspberrries Currants
Gooseberry Others
FFFFuuuunnnnggggaaaallll ddddiiiisssseeeeaaaasssseeeessss
EEuurrooppeeaann bbrroowwnn rroott,, bblloossssoomm bblliigghhtt
MMoonniilliinniiaa llaaxxaa
Geographical distribution: Monilinia fructigena:
Europe, Asia, South and North America. Monilinia
laxa: Africa, Asia, Oceania, Europe, North and
South America.
Symptoms and significance: Flowers collapse and
brown quickly. Small cankers on twigs. Ripening
fruits brown and shrivel as they become covered
with tan to gray masses of spores. Shriveled
mummies are left on the tree. Serious losses to
stone fruit especially in seasons with very wet
weather during flowering or immediately pre-
harvest.
Management: Captan, Copper, Benzimidazole and
http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/cropprot/tfip
m/postharvest.htm
Triazole fungicides are recommended to spring
applications at early bloom stage. Sanitation :
Removal of mummified fruits (fallen or hanging
on the tree) can reduce the amount of disease
that will carry over to the next year.
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/450/450-721/450-
721.html
AAmmeerriiccaann bbrroowwnn rroott
MMoonniilliinniiaa ffrruuccttiiccoollaa
Geographical distribution: North, Central and
South America, Oceania, Asia, Africa.
11 countries in Central and Western Europe.
Symptoms and significance: as in case of
EEuurrooppeeaann bbrroowwnn rroott
Management: Brown rot may be controlled by
repeated triazole fungicide applications at
early bloom stage.
http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/cropprot/tfip
m/postharvest.htm
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/450/450-721/450-
721.html
CChheerrrryy lleeaaff ssppoott
((ssyynnoonnyymmss:: ‚‚yyeellllooww lleeaaff’’,, ‚‚sshhoott--hhoollee ddiisseeaassee’’))
BBlluummeerriieellllaa jjaaaappii ,, aannaammoorrpphh ssttaaggee:: PPhhllooeeoossppoorreellllaa
ppaaddii
Geographic distribution: North America, Europe
and Asia
Significance: The disease seriously affects the
foliage of sour and sweet cherries;
Symptoms: Characteristic symptoms include
nnuummeerroouuss,, ttiinnyy ppuurrppllee ssppoottss oonn tthhee uuppppeerr lleeaaff
surface that become necrotic. Affected
leaves often fall off early in the season and the
entire trees can be defoliated. If early spring
infections are severe, the fruit will fail to
mature.
Control: repeated fungicide applications
(guanidine derivatives, EBI, benzimidazoles)
Reduction of the amount of primary inoculum
produced by the pathogen in the spring by
the use of 5% urea applied at leaf fall.
Fot:
http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/cherry_leaf_spot_101_underst
anding_blumeriella_jaapii_biology_and_managemen
BBiitttteerr rroott ooff cchheerrrryy
((ssyynnoonnyymmss:: aanntthhrraaccnnoossee))
GGlloommeerreellllaa cciinngguullaattaa ((aannaammoorrpphh:: CCoolllleettoottrriicchhuumm ggllooeeoossppoorriiooiiddeess
GGlloommeerreellllaa aaccuuttaattaa ((aannaammoorrpphh:: CCoolllleettoottrriicchhuumm aaccuuttaattuumm))
Geographical distribution: several European
countries (high crop losses in sour cherries
production in Poland , Norway), USA (minor
problem)
Significance: The fungus causes severe fruit decay
in sour cherry and sweet cherry orchards and
mmaayy ccaauussee hhiigghh ccrroopp lloossss iinn tthhee pprroodduuccttiioonn..
Symptoms: infection during early spring, the
disease symptoms usually occurs when the
fruits are getting ripe or after harvest. Infected
fruits are deformed and often mummify.
Management: Mummified fruits and peduncles
should be removed. Bitter rot of cherry in
Poland may be controlled on sour cherries by
fungicide applications (dithiocarbamates,
phthalimides, EBI), but on sweet cherries – there
is no registered fungicides.
SSiillvveerr lleeaaff
CChhoonnddrroosstteerreeuumm ppuurrppuurreeuumm
Geographic distribution: on all continents
Significance: The disease can potentially affect all
parts of the tree, leading to reduced root growth,
smaller and fewer fruit, decreasing production and
causing death of branches and whole trees.
Symptoms: Leaves fall prematurely until the branch is
bare and dies. The fungus enters living tissue
through a fresh surface wound , such as pruning
ccuuttss..
Management: Injection of fungicides into diseased
trees does not have an affect on disease
progression. Chemical protection of pruning
wounds is possible, but there are no chemical
registrations.
Good pruning practices, removing and burning
diseased trees will help to reduce the likelihood of
infection.
The fungus Trichoderma viride has been shown to
protect pruning wounds .
BBllaacckk kknnoott
AAppiioossppoorriinnaa mmoorrbboossaa ((ffoorrmmeerrllyy DDiibboottrryyoonn mmoorrbboossuumm
aannaammoorrpphh :: FFuussiiccllaaddiiuumm sspp..,, ffoorrmmeerrllyy CCllaaddoossppoorriiuumm aanndd
HHoorrmmooddeennddrruumm
Geographical distribution: North America
Significance: Destructive on sour cherry
Economically important in commercial
plantings of plum, prune, sour cherry, and
ooccccaassiioonnaallllyy oonn ootthheerr PPrruunnuuss sspppp.. iinncclluuddiinngg
ornamentals.
Symptoms: Dark-brown to black, hard swellings
form on twigs and branches. Each spring,
galls are covered with dark, olive-green,
felt-like growth. Branches may be girdled
http://www.messiah.edu/Oakes/fungi_on_wood/crust%20and%20
and die.
parchment/species%20pages/Apiosporina%20morbosa.htm
Management: Copper hydroxide and
mancozeb fungicides are recommnded to
application when green tissue is seen in the
spring. Cutting out the gall and removal wild
http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/f
Prunus species from the area are important
ungi/ascomycetes/pages/blackknot.aspx
to reduce the amount of disease.