Table Of Content

- = .. ::---- SurvMeehyto disnS ocIinavle stigation SurMveetyh iond s SocIinavle stigation by SICRL AUMSO SER DireCcetnotSrrt,aa lt iOsffitciec al and G.KALTON LeverPhruofelsmosefSo orc Sitaalt iUsntiivceosrSf,so iuttyh ampton SECONEDD ITION HEINEMANEND UCATIONBAOLO KS LONDON HeinemEadnunc atBiooonLkatsld . LONDON EDINBURGHM ELBOURNEA UCKLANDT ORONTO SINGAPORHEO NGK ONG KUALAL UMPUR IBADANN AIROBIJ OHANNESBURG LUSAKAN EW DELHIK INGSTON ISBON4 3852 640( 3c aesdeidt ion) ISBON4 3852 620( 4p aperback) © C.A .M osaenrGd . K alton 1971 FirPsutb li1s9h5e8d Repri1n9t51e99d,6 1 19,61 39,6 5 196169,61 79,6 8, 1969 Second 1E9d7i1t ion Repri1n9t71e29d,7 3, 1975, 1977 Publibsyh ed HeinemEadnunc atBiooonLkatsld 48C harSltersLe oentd,Wo InX 8 AH PrinitnGe rde Barti tbayi n ButalneTdra nnLetrd FromaenL do ndon Contents PREFATCOET HES ECODN EDITION ix PREFATCOET HEF IRSETD ITION xi ACKNOLWEDGEMENTS XV GUIDEF ORT HER EADER xvii 1.THEN ATUROEFS OCISAULR VEAYNSD, S OME EXAMPLES 1.I1n.t roduction 1 1.2H.i stobraicckaglr ound 6 1.T3h.ce l aspsoivcesarultr yv eys 7 1.R4e.g ipolnaanlsn uirnvge ys 11 1.T5h.Ge o vernSmoecnSitua rlv eyp-anorofttw h e OfficoefP opulatioann SdCu ernvseuysse1 s3 1.M6a.r kaeutd,i aennodcp ei nrieosne arch 15 17..S omoet her surveys 20 2.THEP LANNIONFGS OCISAULR VEYS 2.P1r.e limsitnuadryy 41 2.T2h.me a ipnl anpnrionbgl ems 43 2.P3r.e -atnepdsi tlssou tr veys 47 3.THEC OVERAOGFES URVEYS 3.D1e.fi niotfti hopeno pulation 53 3.2C.en suasnsedas m ple surveys 54 3.T3h.ie d aenatd h aed vanotfsa agmepsl ing 56 3.T4h.ue s oefs ampilniG nrgea t Britain 58 v vi CONTENTS 4.BASIICD EAOSFS AMPLING 4.I1n. troduction 61 4.E2s.t imaanttdie osnot fih nygp otheses 62 4.3. Acbciuaarnspad rc eyc,i sion 63 4.4S.a mpldiinsgt riabnusdtt iaonndsa rd err6o9r s 4.5S.ig niftiecsatnsc e 74 4.6S.u mmaorfsy i mplifications 76 5.TYPEOSFS AMPLDEE SIGN 5.I1n.t roduction 79 5.2R.a ndom sampling 80 5.S3t. ratification 85 5.4C.l usatnemdru ltis-asmtpalgien g 100 5.S5a.m plwiintvgha rypirnogb abilities1 11 5.6C.o nclurdeimnagr ks 116 6.FURTHTEYRP EOSF S AMPLDEE SIGN 6.A1r.e saa mpling 118 6.2M.ul ti-spahmapslei ng 121 6.R3e.p liscaamtpeldi ng 124 6.4Q.u ostaam pling 127 6.P5a. naenlld o ngitsutduidniaels 137 6.6M.as tsearm ples 143 7.OTHEARS PECOTFSS AMPLING 7.1. Sample size 146 7.2R.a ndnoumm bers 152 7.3S.a mplfirnagm es 154 7.N4o.n -response 166 8.ANE XAMPOLFEA NATIONRAALN DOSMA MPLE DESIGN 188 9.EXPERIMAENNDTl SN VESTTIINGOSA 9.1C.a usality 211 9.V2a. liodfei xtpye riments 214 9.3C.o ntroflotlrhie enff geo cfet xst ravnaeroiuasb 2l2e0s 9.4O.t hdeers igns 224 9.5E.x ampolfie nsv estigations 226 9.6F.a ctodreisaigln s 230 9.7S.a mpdlees ifogren xsp eriamneidnn tvse stig2a3t3i ons CONTENTS vii 10M.ETHODOSFC OLLECTTIHNEIG N FORMATIION -DOCUMENATNSDO BSERVATION 10.In1t.r oduction 238 10.T2h.ue s oefd ocumesnotuarrcye s 240 10.O3b.s ervation 244 11M.ETHODOSFC OLLECTTIHNEIG N FORMATIIION -MAILQ UESTIONNAIRES 11.T1h.re o olfde i rqeucets tioning 256 11.T2h.ae d vanotfma agiqelus e stionnaire2s57 11.T3h.le i mitoafmt aiiqolun ess tionnaire2s60 11.N4o.n -resipnmoa nisslue r veys 262 12M.ETHODOSFC OLLECTTIHNElG N FORTMJAO INI I -INTERVIEWING 12.T1y.p oefis n terviewing 270 12.T2h.ne a touftr ehs eu rivnetye rview 271 12.T3h.ie n tervtiaeswker's 273 12.S4e.l ecatntdir oani ning 282 12.S5o.m per acptoiicnatls 291 12.I6n.fo rimnatle rviewing 296 13Q.UESTIONNAIRES 13.G1e.n eprrailn coifdp elseisg n 303 13.Q2u.e stcioonnte nt 310 13.Q3u.e stwioornd ing 318 13.O4p.e ann pdr e-cqoudeesdt ions 341 13.Q5u.e sotridoenr 346 13.C6o.n clurdeimnagr ks 347 14S.CALIMNEGT HODS 14.I1n.t roduction 350 14.T2y.p oefss c ales 352 14.R3e.l iaabnivdla iltiyd ity 353 14.G4e.n eprraolc eidnaut rteisst cuadlei ng 357 14.R5a.t isncga les 358 14.T6h.u rstone scales 360 14.L7i.k secratl es 361 14.G8u.t tman scales 366 14.S9e.m andtiiffce rential 373 14.C1o0n.c lurdeimnagr ks 376 viii CONTENTS 15R.ESPONSEER RORS 15l..R espobnisaaensr d e spvoanrsiea nce 37 8 15.S2o.u rocfre ess peornrsoer s 385 15.O3p.e roanotfirpeosnesrerors 388 15.D4e.t ecotfri eosnp onse errors 392 15.C5o.n tarnomdle asuroefrm eesnpteo rnrsoer s4 03 16.PROCESSIONFGT HED ATA 16.E1d.i ting 410 16.C2o.d ing 414 16.T3a.b ulation 428 17A.NALYSIISN,T ERPRETATAINODN P RESENTATION 17.I1n.t roduction 439 17.S2t.a tidsetsiccrailp tion 440 17.P3o.p uleasttiiomanan stdae msp elrirnog rs 442 17.I4n.t erprreeltaitnigo nships 447 17.C5a.u smaold els 458 17.I6n.d ceoxn struction 464 17.P7r.e sentation 467 18C.ONCLUDINRGE MARKS 480 BIBLIOGRAPHY 489 INDEXO F NAMESA ND ORGANIZATIONS 527 INDEXO F SUBJECTS 538