Surgery PreTest Self-Assessment and Review PDF
Preview Surgery PreTest Self-Assessment and Review
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McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. Student Reviewers Jeffrey T. Bruckel Fourth Year Medical Student SUNY Downstate Medical Center Class of 2010 Sabrina Islam, MD Fourth Year Medical Student SUNY Downstate Medical Center Class of 2010 Jonathan P Meizoso Fourth Year Medical Student University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Class of 2012 Godwin Ofikwu, MD PGY2 Surgical Resident Columbia University Elizabeth C. Pearce, MD PGY2 Surgical Resident Vanderbilt University Medical Center Rory Snepar, MD PGY1 Resident UMDNJ Class of 2011 Contents Introduction Pre- and Postoperative Care Questions Answers Critical Care: Anesthesiology, Blood Gases, and Respiratory Care Questions Answers Skin: Wounds, Infections, and Burns; Hands; Plastic Surgery Questions Answers Trauma and Shock Questions Answers Transplants, Immunology, and Oncology Questions Answers Endocrine Problems and the Breast Questions Answers Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Pancreas Questions Answers Cardiothoracic Problems Questions Answers Peripheral Vascular Problems Questions Answers Urology Questions Answers Orthopedics Questions Answers Neurosurgery Questions Answers Otolaryngology Questions Answers Pediatric Surgery Questions Answers Bibliography Index Introduction Surgery: PreTest Self-Assessment and Review, Thirteenth Edition, is intended to provide medical students, as well as house officers and physicians, with a convenient tool for assessing and improving their knowledge of medicine. The 500+ questions in this book are similar in format and complexity to those included in Step 2 of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). They may also be a useful study tool for Step 3. For multiple-choice questions, the one best response to each question should be selected. For matching sets, a group of questions will be preceded by a list of lettered options. For each question in the matching set, select one lettered option that is most closely associated with the question. Each question in this book has a corresponding answer, a reference to a text that provides background to the answer, and a short discussion of various issues raised by the question and its answer. A listing of references for the entire book follows the last chapter. To simulate the time constraints imposed by the qualifying examinations for which this book is intended as a practice guide, the student or physician should allot about 1 minute for each question. After answering all questions in a chapter, as much time as necessary should be spent in reviewing the explanations for each question at the end of the chapter. Attention should be given to all explanations, even if the examinee answered the question correctly. Those seeking more information on a subject should refer to the reference materials listed or to other standard texts in medicine. Pre- and Postoperative Care Questions 1. A 48-year-old woman develops constipation postoperatively and self-medicates with milk of magnesia. She presents to clinic, at which time her serum electrolytes are checked, and she is noted to have an elevated serum magnesium level. Which of the following represents the earliest clinical indication of hypermagnesemia? a. Loss of deep tendon reflexes b. Flaccid paralysis c. Respiratory arrest d. Hypotension e. Stupor 2. Five days after an uneventful cholecystectomy, an asymptomatic middle-aged woman is found to have a serum sodium level of 125 mEq/L. Which of the following is the most appropriate management strategy for this patient? a. Administration of hypertonic saline solution b. Restriction of free water c. Plasma ultrafiltration d. Hemodialysis e. Aggressive diuresis with furosemide 3. A 50-year-old patient presents with symptomatic nephrolithiasis. He reports that he underwent a jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity when he was 39. Which of the following is a complication of jejunoileal bypass? a. Pseudohyperparathyroidism b. Hyperuric aciduria c. Hungry bone syndrome d. Hyperoxaluria e. Sporadic unicameral bone cysts 4. Following surgery a patient develops oliguria. You believe the oliguria is due to hypovolemia, but you seek corroborative data before increasing intravenous fluids. Which of the following values supports the diagnosis of hypovolemia? a. Urine sodium of 28 mEq/L b. Urine chloride of 15 mEq/L c. Fractional excretion of sodium less than 1 d. Urine/serum creatinine ratio of 20 e. Urine osmolality of 350 mOsm/kg 5. A 45-year-old woman with Crohn disease and a small intestinal fistula develops tetany during the second week of parenteral nutrition. The laboratory findings include Na: 135 mEq/L K: 3.2 mEq/L Cl: 103 mEq/L HCO : 25 mEq/L 3 Ca: 8.2 mEq/L Mg: 1.2 mEq/L PO : 2.4 mEq/L 4 Albumin: 2.4 An arterial blood gas sample reveals a pH of 7.42, PCO of 38 mm Hg, and PO of 84 mm Hg. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the patient’s tetany? 2 2 a. Hyperventilation b. Hypocalcemia c. Hypomagnesemia d. Essential fatty acid deficiency e. Focal seizure 6. A patient with a nonobstructing carcinoma of the sigmoid colon is being prepared for elective resection. Which of the following reduces the risk of postoperative infectious complications? a. A single preoperative parenteral dose of antibiotic effective against aerobes and anaerobes b. Avoidance of oral antibiotics to prevent emergence of Clostridium difficile c. Postoperative administration for 48 hours of parenteral antibiotics effective against aerobes and anaerobes d. Postoperative administration of parenteral antibiotics effective against aerobes and anaerobes until the patient’s intravenous lines and all other drains are removed e. Redosing of antibiotics in the operating room if the case lasts for more than 2 hours 7. A 75-year-old man with a history of myocardial infarction 2 years ago, peripheral vascular disease with symptoms of claudication after walking half a block, hypertension, and diabetes presents with a large ventral hernia. He wishes to have the hernia repaired. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in his preoperative workup? a. He should undergo an electrocardiogram (ECG). b. He should undergo an exercise stress test. c. He should undergo coronary artery bypass prior to operative repair of his ventral hernia. d. He should undergo a persantine thallium stress test and echocardiography. e. His history of a myocardial infarction within 3 years is prohibitive for elective surgery. No further testing is necessary. 8. A previously healthy 55-year-old man undergoes elective right hemicolectomy for a stage I (T2N0M0) cancer of the cecum. His postoperative ileus is somewhat prolonged, and on the fifth postoperative day his nasogastric tube is still in place. Physical examination reveals diminished skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, and orthostatic hypotension. Pertinent laboratory values are as follows: Arterial blood gases: pH 7.56, PCO 50 mm Hg, PO 85 mm Hg. 2 2 Serum electrolytes (mEq/L): Na+ 132, K+ 3.1, Cl− 80; HCO − 42. 3 Urine electrolytes (mEq/L): Na+ 2, K+ 5, Cl− 6. What is the patient’s acid–base abnormality? a. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis b. Respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation c. Combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosis d. Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation e. Mixed respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis 9. A 52-year-old man with gastric outlet obstruction secondary to a duodenal ulcer presents with hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy for this patient? a. Infusion of 0.9% NaCl with supplemental KCl until clinical signs of volume depletion are eliminated b. Infusion of isotonic (0.15 N) HCl via a central venous catheter c. Clamping the nasogastric tube to prevent further acid losses d. Administration of acetazolamide to promote renal excretion of bicarbonate e. Intubation and controlled hypoventilation on a volume-cycled ventilator to further increase PCO 2 10. A 23-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room from a halfway house, where she apparently swallowed a handful of pills. The patient complains of shortness of breath and tinnitus, but refuses to identify the pills she ingested. Pertinent laboratory values are as follows: Arterial blood gases: pH 7.45, PCO 12 mm Hg, PO 126 mm Hg. 2 2 Serum electrolytes (mEq/L): Na+ 138, K+ 4.8, Cl− 102, HCO − 8. 3 An overdose of which of the following drugs would be most likely to cause the acid–base disturbance in this patient? a. Phenformin b. Aspirin c. Barbiturates d. Methanol e. Diazepam (Valium) 11. An 18-year-old previously healthy man is placed on intravenous heparin after having a pulmonary embolism (PE) after exploratory laparotomy for a small-bowel injury following a motor vehicle collision. Five days later, his platelet count is 90,000/μL and continues to fall over the next several days. The patient’s serum is positive for antibodies to the heparin-platelet factor complexes. Which of the following is the most appropriate next management step? a. Cessation of all anticoagulation therapy b. Cessation of heparin and immediate institution of high-dose warfarin therapy c. Cessation of heparin and institution of low-molecular-weight heparin d. Cessation of heparin and institution of lepirudin e. Cessation of heparin and transfusion with platelets 12. A 65-year-old man undergoes a technically difficult abdominal–perineal resection for a rectal cancer during which he receives 3 units of packed red blood cells. Four hours later, in the intensive care unit (ICU), he is bleeding heavily from his perineal wound. Emergency coagulation studies reveal normal prothrombin, partial thromboplastin, and bleeding times. The fibrin degradation products are not elevated, but the serum fibrinogen content is depressed and the platelet count is 70,000/μL. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his bleeding?
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