Surgery of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands PDF
Preview Surgery of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
Surgery of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands Daniel Oertli · Robert Udelsman (Eds.) Surgery of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands With 235 Figures and 52 Tables 123 Editors Daniel Oertli Division of General Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Vice-Dean of the Medical Faculty, University of Basel 4031 Basel Switzerland Robert Udelsman Lampman Professor of Surgery and Oncology, Chairman, Department of Surgery, Surgeon-in-Chief–Yale-New Haven Hospital Yale University School of Medicine PO Box 208062 New Haven, CT 06520-8062 USA Library of Congress Control Number: 2005938803 ISBN-10 3-540-29165-2 Springer Berlin Heidelberg NewYork ISBN-13 978-3-540-29165-7 Springer Berlin Heidelberg NewYork This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and there- fore free for general use. Editor: Gabriele M. Schröder, Heidelberg, Germany Desk Editor: Stephanie Benko, Heidelberg, Germany Typesetting and Production: LE-TeX Jelonek, Schmidt & Vöckler GbR, Leipzig, Germany Cover Design: estudio calamar, Spain Printed on acid-free paper 24/3100/YL - 5 4 3 2 1 0 V Acknowledgement The Editors are deeply indebted to all authors and We also express our gratitude to the valuable coor- coauthors who have contributed to Surgery of the dinative work of our editorial assistants in Basel and Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands. The Editors believe New Haven: special thanks are addressed to Susan that this textbook is among the most comprehensive Demou, Madeleine Moser, and Dotty Franco. international references on surgical diseases of the Finally, our profound gratitude goes to all who thyroid and parathyroid glands. The diligent efforts of were involved in the development of this text, in- the contributors, who have provided insightful state- cluding our immediate families, who expressed in- of-the art presentations, are gratefully acknowledged. terest and encouragement in the completion of this The Editors also wish to pay tribute to the diligent textbook. We greatly appreciate their support, which work of the Springer-Verlag staff members, who en- stimulated us to pursue the ambitious goal of prepar- abled the realization of this first edition. Particularly ing what we consider to be a concise, comprehensive appreciated were the efforts of Gabriele M. Schroeder, textbook. Executive Editor, and Stephanie Benko, Desk Editor, who provided strong encouragement and ongoing Daniel Oertli and Robert Udelsman support during the creation of this textbook. Further- more, the Editors are most appreciative of the princi- pal artist, Mr. Jörg Kühn, who provided us with excel- lent drawings. VII Preface Thyroid and parathyroid disorders are frequently en- The current edition has been designed primarily to countered by the endocrine surgeon in daily practice. meet the requirements of young surgeons who wish The Editors therefore have designed this comprehen- to acquire profound knowledge of basic, clinical, and sive textbook focusing on surgically relevant thyroid laboratory concepts as well as surgical techniques and parathyroid diseases. The Editors intend this regarding the thyroid and parathyroid glands, thus book to become an important reference presenting complementing the surgeons’ training. These prin- the latest information regarding the management of ciples are presented together with advancements in both common and rare thyroid and parathyroid dis- technologic, molecular, cellular, and biologic sciences, orders. Internationally renowned physicians and sur- thus meeting the criteria of the 21stcentury defini- geons have provided detailed outlines and discussions tion of each subspecialty involving care of patients on operative techniques and treatments accompanied with thyroid and parathyroid disease. The prepara- by rationales for particular approaches advocated by tion of the text material has been a labor of love and the authors. The topics cover all surgically relevant represents an honest attempt to provide information thyroid and parathyroid pathologies, the preoperative that we believe is not only of clinical importance to surgical evaluation, decision making, and operative surgeons, but also to endocrinologists, radiologists, strategies including high quality step-by-step illustra- and pathologists dealing with patients with thyroid tions of the current surgical techniques. Furthermore, and parathyroid disorders. experts are presenting the molecular basis for thyroid It is hoped that the reader will find the material in neoplasia and the current understanding of the ge- our textbook as helpful and exciting as we do. netics of inherited thyroid and parathyroid diseases. Moreover, evolving modern operative techniques like Daniel Oertli and Robert Udelsman the minimally invasive videoscopic approach to the thyroid and parathyroid glands are discussed in this textbook. IX Table of Contents 1 History of Thyroid and Parathyroid 12 Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma .......... 161 Surgery ................................. 1 Christian Passler, Reza Asari, Christian Scheuba, Hans-Dietrich Röher and Klaus-Martin Schulte and Bruno Niederle 2 Embryology and Surgical Anatomy 13 Thyroid Lymphoma and Other Metastatic of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands .... 13 Lesions ................................ 171 William B. Stewart and Lawrence J. Rizzolo Rebecca S. Sippel and Herbert Chen 3 Evaluation of Hyperthyroidism 14 Multinodular and Retrosternal Goiter ... 179 and Hyperthyroid Goiter ................ 21 Rachel Rosenthal and Daniel Oertli Mirjam Christ-Crain, Nils G. Morgenthaler, and Beat Müller 15 Surgery for Hyperthyroidism ........... 191 Peter E. Goretzki and Bernhard J. Lammers 4 Diagnostic Imaging of the Thyroid and Radioiodine Therapy ................ 31 16 Thyroiditis ............................ 207 4.1 Walter Wiesner, Hermann Engel, and Wolfgang Michel Adamina and Daniel Oertli Steinbrich 4.2 Egbert U. Nitzsche and Jan Mueller-Brand 17 Complications in Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery ............................... 217 5 Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules ........... 45 Andrea Frilling and Frank Weber Michel Procopiou and Christoph A. Meier 18 Outcomes Analysis in Thyroid Surgery: 6 Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology A Review of Patient and Provider of the Thyroid .......................... 61 Predictors ............................. 225 Anne E. Busseniers and Susan A. Silver Kate V. Viola and Julie Ann Sosa 7 Technique of Thyroidectomy ............. 81 19 Physiology and Pathophysiology Daniel Oertli of the Parathyroid Glands and Preoperative Evaluation ............................. 235 8 Surgery for the Solitary Thyroid Nodule .. 91 Elizabeth H. Holt and Silvio E. Inzucchi Prabhat K. Bhama and Gerard M. Doherty 20 Parathyroid Imaging ................... 245 9 Modified Radical Neck Dissection ....... 101 David Cheng, Ludwig A. Jacob, and Leslie Scoutt Robert Udelsman 21 Conventional Surgical Management 10 Thyroid Pathology ..................... 109 of Primary Hyperparathyroidism ........ 261 Zubair W. Baloch and Virginia A. LiVolsi Heather Yeo, Paola Uranga, and Sanziana Roman 11 Surgery for Medullary Thyroid Cancer ... 147 22 Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy .. 269 Oliver Gimm Tobias Carling and Robert Udelsman X Table of Contents 23 Endoscopic Parathyroidectomy ......... 277 26 Parathyroid Carcinoma ................. 311 Paolo Miccoli and Gabriele Materazzi Janice L. Pasieka and Moosa Khalil 24 Multiglandular Parathyroid Disease 27 Reoperative Parathyroid Surgery ........ 327 and MEN Syndromes .................. 285 Cord Sturgeon, Nadine Caron, and Quan-Yang Duh Peter Langer, Detlef K. Bartsch, and Matthias Rothmund 28 Outcomes Analysis in Parathyroid Surgery ............................... 339 25 Pathophysiology and Leon D. Boudourakis and Julie Ann Sosa Treatment of Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism ...... 293 Subject Index ............................. 349 Ulrich Güller and Michael Mayr XI List of Contributors Michel Adamina Anne E. Busseniers Division of General Surgery, Metropolitan FNA Service, University Hospital Basel, Washington, DC; Bethesda, MD, Spitalstrasse 21, USA 4031 Basel, and Switzerland Department of Pathology, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Reza Asari Brussels, Division of Endocrine Surgery, Belgium Department of Surgery, Vienna University Hospital, Tobias Carling Vienna, Department of Surgery, Austria Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, Zubair W. Baloch USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Nadine Caron Philadelphia, PA, Department of Surgery, USA University of California San Francisco and UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center at Mt Zion Detlef K. Bartsch Medical Center, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, CA, Philipps-University, Marburg, USA Germany Herbert Chen Prabhat K. Bhama Department of Surgery, Division of Endocrine Surgery, University of Wisconsin, University of Michigan Medical School, H4/750 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ann Arbor, MI, Avenue, USA Madison, WI, USA Leon D. Boudourakis Yale University School of Medicine, David W. Cheng New Haven, CT, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, USA Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA XII List of Contributors Mirjam Christ-Crain Ulrich Güller Department of Endocrinology, Department of Surgery, John Vane Science Centre, Divisions of General Surgery and Surgical Research, Barts and the London Medical School, University of Basel, Charterhouse Square, Basel, London, Switzerland UK Elizabeth H. Holt Gerard M. Doherty Section of Endocrinology, Division of Endocrine Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, New Haven, CT, Ann Arbor, MI; 2920B Taubman Health Care Center, USA Box 0331, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, Silvio E. Inzucchi USA Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, Quan-Yang Duh New Haven, CT, Department of Surgery, USA University of California San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ludwig A. Jacob San Francisco, CA, Section of Interventional Radiology, USA Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Hermann Engel Basel, Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Switzerland Hospital Waid, Zürich, Moosa Khalil Switzerland University of Calgary, Pathologist, Calgary Laboratory Services, Andrea Frilling Calgary, Alberta, Department of General Surgery, Canada Visceral surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Bernhard J. Lammers Essen, Department of Surgery, Germany Lukaskrankenhaus of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Oliver Gimm Neuss, Department of General, Germany Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University of Halle, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, Peter Langer 06097 Halle, Department of Surgery, Germany Philipps-University Hospital, Baldingerstrasse, D-35043 Marburg, Peter E. Goretzki Germany Department of Surgery, Lukaskrankenhaus of the Heinrich-Heine University Virginia A. LiVolsi Düsseldorf, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neuss, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Germany Philadelphia, PA, USA
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