Table Of Content

Nicholas C. Bambakidis Cliff A. Megerian Robert F. Spetzler Editors Surgery of the Cerebellopontine Angle Second Edition 123 Surgery of the Cerebellopontine Angle Nicholas C. Bambakidis • Cliff A. Megerian Robert F. Spetzler Editors Surgery of the Cerebellopontine Angle Second Edition Editors Nicholas C. Bambakidis, MD Cliff A. Megerian, MD, FACS Chair of Neurological Surgery Chief Executive Officer Vice President and Director University Hospitals Health System The Neurological Institute Jane and Henry Meyer Distinguished CEO University Hospitals of Cleveland Endowed Chair, Professor of Otolaryngology Cleveland, OH, USA Head and Neck Surgery Professor of Neurological Surgery Harvey Huntington Brown Jr. Case Western Reserve University Endowed Chair of Neurological Surgery School of Medicine Professor, Neurological Surgery Cleveland, OH, USA Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, OH, USA Robert F. Spetzler, MD, FACS Emeritus President and CEO, Emeritus Chair Department of Neurosurgery Barrow Neurological Institute Phoenix, AZ, USA Videos in Cases 1–10, 12, and 13 are used with permission from the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, CNS Nexus Cases. 2018. https://www.cns.org/nexus/cases ISBN 978-3-031-12506-5 ISBN 978-3-031-12507-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12507-2 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 1st edition: © BC Decker Inc. 2009 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland This book is dedicated to educators in the subspecialties of neurosurgery and neurotology who have labored so hard to unlock the secrets of the skull base in the interest of our patients whom we ultimately serve. To my amazing wife, Kim, and our children, Eva and Peter, of whom I am so proud. And to the memory of my mother and father for cultivating my curiosity in science, teaching me patience, and inspiring me to discover. Nicholas C. Bambakidis To my lovely wife, Lynne, and our wonderful children, Andrew (Drew), Mark, and Caroline, for their love and encouragement. Cliff A. Megerian To my grandchildren, Olivia, Charlotte, and Abigail, whose wonder at the world rekindles my own delight. Robert F. Spetzler Preface Assembling this text would not have been possible without the generous participation of the contributing authors, each of whom is a worldwide expert in this subspecialty. We have carried forward from the first edition the invaluable contribution of the illustrators (Mark Schornak, MS, and Kristen Larson, MS), animator (Michael Hickman), and interactive multimedia spe- cialist (Marie Clarkson) whose illustrations and digital media have eased the tasks of under- standing and visualizing the complex anatomic relationships ubiquitous to the cerebellopontine angle. We are grateful to Brian Decker for his support of the first edition and to Linda Mehta for her leadership and dedication to both the first and second editions. We thank Kim Sender Duvall, MA, for her editorial expertise and commitment to producing a clear, cohesive, first- rate publication. Finally, we offer thanks to our friends at Springer Publishing for their belief in this long-awaited second edition and for sharing our determination to make it happen. Cleveland, OH, USA Nicholas C. Bambakidis Cleveland, OH, USA Cliff A. Megerian Phoenix, AZ, USA Robert F. Spetzler vii Contents Part I Foundations for Treatment 1 Historical Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Nicholas C. Bambakidis, Thomas Ostergard, and Cliff A. Megerian 2 Microsurgical Anatomy of the Cerebellopontine Angle and Its Suboccipital Retromastoid Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Guilherme Carvalhal Ribas, Alexandre Yasuda, David Peace, and Albert L. Rhoton Jr. 3 Radiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Simone E. Dekker, Kristine A. Blackham, Robert W. Tarr, and Ameya Nayate 4 Neurology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Simone E. Dekker, Chad A. Glenn, Eric M. Bershad, and Jose I. Suarez Part II Surgical Approaches 5 Approaches to the Cerebellopontine Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Shervin Rahimpour, Ali R. Zomorodi, Patrick J. Codd, Max O. Krucoff, Allan H. Friedman, and L. Fernando Gonzalez 6 Combined Surgical Approaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Nicholas C. Bambakidis, Chad A. Glenn, Sam Safavi- Abbasi, and Robert F. Spetzler 7 Functional Surgery of the Cerebellopontine Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 P. Ashley Wackym, Shekar N. Kurpad, Wesley A. King, and Anil Nanda 8 Endoscopy in the Cerebellopontine Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 Steven B. Carr, Charles Teo, Pankaj A. Gore, Steve W. Chang, and Peter Nakaji Part III Vestibular Schwannomas 9 Biology and Genetics of Vestibular Schwannomas in Tumors of the Cerebellopontine Angle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 Dunia Abdul-Aziz, Nicholas A. Dewyer, and D. Bradley Welling 10 Treatment Options for Acoustic Neuroma, Including Stereotactic Radiosurgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 Panagiotis Kerezoudis, Peter A. Weisskopf, Colin L. W. Driscoll, and Michael J. Link ix x Contents 11 Translabyrinthine Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145 Sarah Mowry, Maroun T. Semaan, Cliff A. Megerian, Thomas Ostergard, and Nicholas C. Bambakidis 12 Hearing Rehabilitation Following Acoustic Neuroma Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157 Cameron C. Wick, Nedim Durakovic, Jacques A. Herzog, and Craig A. Buchman 13 Acoustic Neuroma Surgery: Retrosigmoid Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169 Justin M. Moore, Robert K. Jackler, and Griffith R. Harsh IV 14 Acoustic Neuroma Surgery: Middle Fossa Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189 Daniel Q. Sun and Bruce J. Gantz 15 Complications and Cranial Nerve Rehabilitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197 Daniel Jethanamest and J. Thomas Roland Jr. 16 Facial Reanimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207 Tessa A. Hadlock and Nate Jowett 17 Hearing and Surgical Considerations in Neurofibromatosis Type 2 . . . . . . . . . . .223 Kevin A. Peng, Gregory P. Lekovic, and Derald E. Brackmann 18 Prevention and Management of CSF Leakage Postoperatively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231 Jacob B. Hunter and George B. Wanna Part IV Nonschwannomatous Lesions of the CPA 19 Temporal Bone Neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 Nauman F. Manzoor, Thomas Ostergard, Maroun T. Semaan, Sarah Mowry, Nicholas C. Bambakidis, and Cliff A. Megerian 20 Congenital Rest Lesions and Rare Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269 Madjid Samii, Sam Safavi-Abbasi, Christian Herold, and Amir Samii 21 Vascular Lesions of the Cerebellopontine Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283 Simone E. Dekker, Robert W. Tarr, Warren R. Selman, and Shakeel A. Chowdhry Part V Cases and Approaches (Animations and Videos) 22 Case 1: Retrosigmoid Approach for Vestibular Schwannoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303 Simone E. Dekker and Nicholas C. Bambakidis 23 Case 2: Combined Transpetrosal Approach with Hearing Preservation for Resection of a Meningioma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307 Simone E. Dekker and Nicholas C. Bambakidis 24 Case 3: Far-Lateral Approach for a Foramen Magnum Meningioma . . . . . . . . . .311 Simone E. Dekker and Nicholas C. Bambakidis 25 Case 4: Resection of an Acoustic Schwannoma Complicated by Tumor Encasement of the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Using a Translabyrinthine Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317 Simone E. Dekker, Chad A. Glenn, Kevin K. Yoo, Thomas Ostergard, Maroun T. Semaan, and Nicholas C. Bambakidis Contents xi 26 Case 5: Transcondylar Approach for Giant Aneurysm with Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321 Simone E. Dekker, Kevin K. Yoo, Anisha Garg, Wenceslas Krakowiecki, and Nicholas C. Bambakidis 27 Case 6: Far-Lateral Approach for a Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm Clipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325 Simone E. Dekker, Kevin K. Yoo, Jeffrey T. Nelson, Wenceslas Krakowiecki, and Nicholas C. Bambakidis 28 Case 7: Right Retrosigmoid Craniotomy for Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia (Endoscope-Assisted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .329 Peter Nakaji, Rami Almefty, Brandon Liebelt, Michaela Lee, and Xiaochun Zhao 29 Case 8: Right Retrosigmoid Craniotomy for Microvascular Decompression of Hemifacial Spasm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335 Peter Nakaji, Rami Almefty, Brandon Liebelt, Michaela Lee, and Xiaochun Zhao 30 Case 9: Left Retrosigmoid Craniotomy for Microvascular Decompression of Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339 Peter Nakaji, David Fusco, Brandon Liebelt, Michaela Lee, and Xiaochun Zhao 31 Case 10: Anterior Transpetrosal Approach for Resection of Petroclival Meningioma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345 João Paulo Almeida, Sacit B. Omay, Theodore H. Schwartz, and Rohan Ramakrishna 32 Case 11: Vestibular Schwannoma Resection with Facial Nerve Displaced Dorsally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .351 Jacob Cherian, Alex D. Sweeney, and Akash J. Patel 33 Case 12: Right Retrosigmoid Craniotomy for Pontine Cavernous Malformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355 Xiaochun Zhao, Nikolay Martirosyan, Yashar Kalani, and Peter Nakaji 34 Case 13: Lateral Transcondylar Craniotomy for PICA Aneurysm . . . . . . . . . . . .361 Anisha Garg, Kevin K. Yoo, Simone E. Dekker, and Nicholas C. Bambakidis 35 Case 14: Left Retrosigmoid Approach in Large Vestibular Schwannoma in Patient with NF2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367 Marte van Keulen, Jeffrey T. Nelson, Sarah Mowry, and Nicholas C. Bambakidis 36 Case 15: Retrosigmoid Approach for a Left-Sided Trigeminal Schwannoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371 Marte van Keulen, Jeffrey T. Nelson, and Nicholas C. Bambakidis 37 Case 16: Retrosigmoid Approach to Right-Sided Epidermoid Cyst . . . . . . . . . . .377 Marte van Keulen and Nicholas C. Bambakidis 38 Case 17: Translabyrinthine Transtemporal Approach for Left Vestibular Schwannoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .383 Marte van Keulen, Sarah Mowry, and Nicholas C. Bambakidis xii Contents 39 Case 18: Middle Cranial Fossa Craniotomy for a Left Petrous Apex Lesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389 Marte van Keulen, Cliff A. Megerian, and Nicholas C. Bambakidis 40 Case 19: Extended Translabyrinthine Approach for Left-Sided Vestibular Schwannoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393 Marte van Keulen, Sarah Mowry, and Nicholas C. Bambakidis 41 Case 20: Right-Sided Retrosigmoid Approach to Small Vestibular Schwannoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .399 Marte van Keulen, Sarah Mowry, and Nicholas C. Bambakidis 42 Case 21: Transotic Approach to Left- Sided Jugular Paraganglioma/Glomus Tumor for Partial Debulking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403 Marte van Keulen, Nicholas C. Bambakidis, Maroun T. Semaan, and Sarah Mowry Anatomic Dissection Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .409 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417