Surgery for Spine Disease and Intractable Pain.

90 Pages·2020·13.633 MB·English

by  Warren W. Boling

Surgery for Spine
Disease and
Intractable Pain
Edited by
Warren W. Boling
Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Brain Sciences
www.mdpi.com/journal/brainsci
Surgery for Spine Disease and
Intractable Pain

Surgery for Spine Disease and
Intractable Pain
SpecialIssueEditor
WarrenW.Boling
MDPI•Basel•Beijing•Wuhan•Barcelona•Belgrade•Manchester•Tokyo•Cluj•Tianjin
SpecialIssueEditor
WarrenW.Boling
DepartmentofNeurosurgery,
LomaLindaUniversity
USA
EditorialOffice
MDPI
St.Alban-Anlage66
4052Basel,Switzerland
This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal
BrainSciences (ISSN 2076-3425) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/brainsci/special
issues/SurgerySpinePain).
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(cid:2)c 2020bytheauthors. ArticlesinthisbookareOpenAccessanddistributedundertheCreative
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Contents
AbouttheSpecialIssueEditor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
WarrenBoling
SurgeryforSpineDiseaseandIntractablePain
Reprintedfrom:BrainSci.2020,10,62,doi:10.3390/brainsci10020062 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
WarrenBoling,MinwooSong,WendyShihandBengtKarlsson
GammaKnifeRadiosurgeryforTrigeminalNeuralgia:AComparisonofDoseProtocols
Reprintedfrom:BrainSci.2019,9,134,doi:10.3390/brainsci9060134 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
MariagiovannaCantone,GiuseppeLanza,AliceLePira,RitaBarone,GiovanniPennisi,Rita
Bella,ManuelaPennisiandAgataFiumara
Adjunct Diagnostic Value of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in
Mucopolysaccharidosis-RelatedCervicalMyelopathy:APilotStudy
Reprintedfrom:BrainSci.2019,9,200,doi:10.3390/brainsci9080200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Walter J. Jermakowicz, Stephanie S. Sloley, Lia Dan, Alberto Vitores, Melissa M.
Carballosa-GautamandIanD.Hentall
CellularChangesinInjuredRatSpinalCordFollowingElectricalBrainstemStimulation
Reprintedfrom:BrainSci.2019,9,124,doi:10.3390/brainsci9060124 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
MichaelHall,DavidCheng,WayneChengandOlumideDanisa
Antiplatelet Versus Anticoagulation for Asymptomatic Patients with Vertebral Artery Injury
DuringAnteriorCervicalSurgery—TwoCaseReportsandReviewofLiterature
Reprintedfrom:BrainSci.2019,9,345,doi:10.3390/brainsci9120345 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
DineshRamanathan,NikhilSahasrabudheandEstherKim
DisseminatedCoccidioidomycosistotheSpine—CaseSeriesandReviewofLiterature
Reprintedfrom:BrainSci.2019,9,160,doi:10.3390/brainsci9070160 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
WyattMcGilvery,MarcEastin,AnishSenandMaciejWitkos
SelfManipulatedCervicalSpineLeadstoPosteriorDiscHerniationandSpinalStenosis
Reprintedfrom:BrainSci.2019,9,125,doi:10.3390/brainsci9060125 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Christopher Heinrich, Vadim Gospodarev, Albert Kheradpour, Craig Zuppan, Clifford C.
DouglasandTanyaMinasian
BenignGiantCellLesionofC1LateralMass:ACaseReportandLiteratureReview
Reprintedfrom:BrainSci.2019,9,105,doi:10.3390/brainsci9050105 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Gonzalo Navarro-Ferna´ndez, Luc´ıa de-la-Puente-Ranea, Marisa Gandı´a-Gonza´lez and
AlfonsoGil-Martı´nez
EndogenousNeurostimulationandPhysiotherapyinClusterHeadache:AClinicalCase
Reprintedfrom:BrainSci.2019,9,60,doi:10.3390/brainsci9030060. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
v

About the Special Issue Editor
WarrenW.Boling(Prof). Dr. BolingisChairmanoftheDepartmentofNeurosurgeryatLoma
LindaUniversityandChiefofNeurosurgeryatLomaLindaUniversityHospital. Additionally,he
directsthesurgeryofepilepsyprogramatLomaLindaUniversity.Dr.Bolinghasaparticularinterest
inelevatingthemedicalandsurgicaltreatmentofneurologicaldiseasesinunderservedregionsof
theworld.
vii

brain
sciences
Editorial
Surgery for Spine Disease and Intractable Pain
WarrenBoling
DepartmentofNeurosurgery,LomaLindaUniversity,LomaLinda,CA92354,USA;[email protected]
(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:2)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:9)
Received:24December2019;Accepted:19January2020;Published:24January2020 (cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:8)
Painfulconditions,particularlyduetoheadpain,spinaldisease,andneuropathicpain,arehighly
prevalentinmodernsociety,resultinginasignificantimpactontheindividualduetothedisability
oftheconditionandthedirectcostofassociatedtreatments. Additionally,indirectcoststosociety
resultfromthelossofworkproductivityoftheindividualduetopain.Formusculoskeletalpainalone,
therelatedcostsintheUSAareestimatedat$215billion,ofwhich41%arefromdirectmedicalcare,
andtheremainingareindirectcostsassociatedwiththecondition[1].Theimpactonsocietyofhead
painismanifestbythefactthatthischiefcomplaintisthefifthleadingcauseofvisitstotheEmergency
Departmentandanevenmorecommonchiefcomplaintforwomenaged15–64years[2].
InthisSpecialIssueofBrainSciences,theincludedmanuscriptshaveexploredseveralcausesof
painanddisability,theirdiagnosis,andtreatment.Cantoneetal.evaluatedthedisabilitythatcanresult
frommucopolysaccharidosisrelatedcervicalmyelopathy[3].Theauthorsfoundthatmotorevoked
potentialmeasuredfromtranscranialmagneticstimulationisapromisingdiagnostictooltoevaluate
forearlymyelopathybeforesymptomsbecomeovert.Trigeminalneuralgiaisasevereanddisabling
facepainthatcanbeeffectivelytreatedsurgicallyinmostpeoplewhenmedicinesfail. Bolingetal.
reportedtheirexperiencewithdifferentradiosurgerydosingprotocolstotargettherootentryzoneof
thetrigeminalnerveinthetreatmentofmedicallyintractabletrigeminalneuralgia[4].Theauthors
foundthatahigherdoseregimenof85Gywasthemosteffectiveanddurabletreatmentforthefacial
pain.Spinalcordinjuryisanimportantcauseofdisabilityduetoparalysisandlossoffunctionaswell
asfrequentlyassociatedneuropathicpain.Jermakowiczetal.evaluatedthemechanismsunderlying
low-frequencyelectricalstimulationandtheabilityofstimulationtoimprovemotorrecoveryand
lessenallodyniarelatedtospinalcordinjury[5].Intheexperimentsperformed,ratsreceivedaspinal
cordinjuryatthecervicalspinallevel. Theauthorsthenidentifiedthatlow-frequencyelectrical
stimulationoftheanimals’hindbrainnucleusraphemagnusresultedindecreasedcountsofcells
relatedtoneuro-inflammationandanincreaseinradialglia,whichserveasascaffoldforneuronal
migrationintheareaofinjury.Thefindingsofthisstudysuggestapotentialroleforneuromodulatory
therapiesinthemanagementofspinalcordinjuryanditssequelae.Halletal.describedaniatrogenic
injuryrelatedtothetreatmentofapainfulspinecondition,thenreviewedtheliteratureofthetreatment
optionsavailable[6]. Vertebralarteryinjuryisararebutpotentiallydevastatingcomplicationof
surgeryofthecervicalspine.Surgeryofthecervicalspineismostcommonlyperformedforpainrelated
toinstability,arthriticdegenerativedisease,orradicularpainresultingfromnerverootcompression.
Theauthorsreviewedtreatmentoptionsandconcludedthatantiplateletoranticoagulationwere
bothoptionsforthetreatmentofiatrogenicvertebralarteryinjury,andneithermedicalmanagement
approachhasbeenfoundtobesuperior.Coccidioidomycosisisafungalinfectiousdiseasecausedby
theCoccidioidesspeciesendemictotheSouthwesternUnitedStates.Althoughthisdiseaseisrare,in
endemicregions,Coccidioidomycosiscanspreadtotheboneandspine,resultinginadestructivespinal
disease.Ramanathanetal.describedtheirinstitutionsexperiencewithspinalCoccidioidomycosisand
reviewedthemoderntreatmentapproachestothispotentiallydevastatingdisease[7].McGilveryetal.
presentedanunusualcaseofacutecervicaldischerniationcausingneurologicaldeficitthatresulted
fromself-manipulationofthecervicalspine[8]. Heinrichetal. describedararecaseofaprimary
BrainSci.2020,10,62;doi:10.3390/brainsci10020062 1 www.mdpi.com/journal/brainsci