Surfaces and Interfaces of Ceramic Materials

819 Pages·1989·32.033 MB·English

by  Victor E. Henrich (auth.), Louis-C. Dufour, Claude Monty, Georgette Petot-Ervas (eds.)

Surfaces and Interfaces of Ceramic Materials
NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institutes Series
A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee,
which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge,
with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities.
The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the
NATO Scientific Affairs Division
A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation
B Physics London and New York
C Mathematical Kluwer Academic Publishers
and Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and London
o Behavioural and Social Sciences
E Applied Sciences
F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag
G Ecological Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London,
H Cell Biology Paris and Tokyo
Series E: Applied Sciences -Vol. 173
Surfaces and Interfaces
of Ceramic Materials
edited by
Louis-C. Dufour
Reactivite des Solides, UA 23 CNRS,
Universite de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
Claude Monty
Physique des Materiaux, CNRS,
Laboratoires de Bellevue, Meudon, France
and
Georgette Petot-Ervas
Ingenierie des Materiaux et des Hautes Pressions,
CNRS, Universite de Paris-Nord,
Villetaneuse, France
Kluwer Academic Publishers
Dordrecht / Boston / London
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on
Surfaces and Interfaces of Ceramic Materials
CAES-CNRS, lie d'Oleron, France
September 4-16, 1988
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
NATO Advanced Institute on Surfaces and Interfaces of Ceramic
Materials (1988 : Ile d'Oleron. France)
Surfaces and interfaces of ceramic materials I edited by Louis-C.
Dufour. Claude Monty. Georgette Petot-Ervas.
p. cm. -- (NATO ASI series. Series E. Applied sciences; vol.
173)
'Proceedlngs of the NATO Advanced Institute on Surfaces and
Interfaces of Ceramic Materials. CAES-CNRS. Ile d'Dleron. France.
September 4-16. 1988."
"Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division."
ISBN-13: 978-94-010-6957-1 e-ISBN -13: 978-94-009-1035-5
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-1035-5
1. Ceramic materials--Surfaces--Congresses. I. Dufour. LouiS
-Claude. II. Monty. Claude. III. Petot-Ervas. Georgette.
IV. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs
Division. V. Title. VI. Series: NATO ASI series. Series E.
Applied sciences; no. 173.
TA455.C43N37 1988
620.1·4--dc20 89-20048
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CONTENTS
PREFACE ..... . . .... XI
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. . XV
LIST OF P ARTICIP ANTS . XVII
Introductory Lecture
THE MATERIALS SCIENCE OF CERAMIC INTERFACES
RJ. Brook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXIII
1 : STRUCTURE AND MICROSTRUCTURE
Tutorial Lectures
ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPIC DETERMINATION OF THE ELECTRONIC,
GEOMETRIC AND CHEMISORPTION PROPERTIES OF OXIDE SURFACES
V.E. Henrich. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 1
STRUCTURE AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF INTERFACES IN CERAMIC
MATERIALS
C. B. Carter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
INTERGRANULAR PHASES IN POLYCRYSTALLINE CERAMICS
D.R. Clarke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Invited Lectures
INVESTIGATION OF THE FRACTAL STRUCTURE OF THE PORE-GRAIN
INTERFACE IN ALUMINA CERAMICS
F. Brouers and A. Ramsamugh . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... 81
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF GRAIN BOUNDARY IN MgO
BICRYSTALS
E. Yasuda and S. Kimura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93
INTERFACES IN DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED OXIDE-OXIDE EUTECTICS
G. Dhalenne and A. Revcolevschi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
vi
GRAIN BOUNDARIES IN HEXAGONAL CARBIDE CERAMICS
J. Vicens, S. Lay, E. Laurent-Pinson and G. Nouet. ....... 115
Contributed Papers
INTERFACES BETWEEN PIGEONITE, CLINOAMPHIBOLE AND AUGITE
W. Skrotzki and W.F. Muller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 141
A VIBRATIONAL STUDY OF TETRACY ANOETHYLENE ADSORBED ON
MAGNESIA
J.J. Hoagland and K.W. Hipps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 155
INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE HYDROXYLS ON CORDIERITE AEROGEL
BY FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY
M.1. Baraton, T. Merle-Mejean, P. Quintard and V. Lorenzelli .. 165
FT-IR CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH SURFACE AREA SILICON
NITRIDE AND CARBIDE
G. Ramis, G. Busca, V. Lorenzelli, M.I. Baraton, T. Merle-Mejean
and P. Quintard . ......... ......... . . . 173
2: SEGREGATION AND TRANSPORT PROPERTIES
Tutorial Lectures
THEORY OF DOPANT SEGREGATION IN CERAMIC OXIDES
KG. Egdell and W.e. Mackrodt . . . . . . . . . . . 185
SURFACE AND GRAIN BOUNDARY SEGREGATION IN METAL OXIDES
J. Nowotny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 205
SURFACE DIFFUSION AND SURFACE ENERGIES OF CERAMICS
with application to the behavior of volatile fission products in
ceramic nuclear fuels
Hj. Matzke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
GRAIN BOUNDARY DIFFUSION IN CERAMICS
A. Atkinson and e. Monty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Invited Lectures
SEGREGATION AT CERAMIC SURFACES AND EFFECTS ON MASS
TRANSPORT
J.M. Blakely and S.M. Mukhopadhyay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
vii
THE ROLE OF GRAIN BOUNDARIES AND INTERFACES
ON SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
D. Dimos and D.R. Clarke . . . . . . . . . 301
GROWTH AND MASS TRANSPORT IN CERAMIC TYPE
PROTECTIVE SCALES ON METALS
W.W. Smeltzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... 319
DYNAMIC SEGREGATION IN MULTICOMPONENT OXIDES
UNDER CHEMICAL POTENTIALGRADIENTS
G. Petot-Ervas . . ........ 337
Contributed Papers
STUDY OF NON STOICHIOMETRIC PURE AND ZR-DOPED YTTRIA
SURFACES BY X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
M. Gautier, J.P. Duraud, F. JolIet, N. Thromat, P. Maire
and C. Le Gressus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
SEGREGATION IN Zr0z-Y2 03 CERAMICS
G.S.AM. Theunissen, AJ.A Winnubst and AJ. Burggraaf 365
MICROSTRUCTURAL CHANGES AND DYNAMIC SEGREGATION NEAR AN
INTERFACE FORMED DURING THE REDUCTION OF (Fel_x_yCay)O
(Extended Abstract)
J. Kusinski, S. Jasienska, A Riviere and C. Monty. . . . . . . . . . 373
3: CERAMIC-METAL INTERFACES
Tutorial Lectures
THERMODYNAMICS AND CHEMISTRY OF CERAMIC-METAL
INTERFACES
J.T. Klomp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
CERAMIC-METAL INTERFACES
M.G. Nicholas . . . . . . . 393
Invited Lectures
SMALL PARTICLES AND THIN FILMS OF METALS ON CERAMIC OXIDES
L-C. Dufour and M. Perdereau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
viii
MODELLING OF METAL-OXIDE INTERFACE BEHAVIOUR DURING
OXIDE SCALE GROWTH CONTROLLED BY CATION DIFFUSION
B. Pieraggi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Contributed Paper
INTERFACIAL TENSION AND CONTACT ANGLE IN IMMISCIBLE
SYSTEMS BY CAPILLARY PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS
(Extended Abstract)
L. Liggieri, E. Ricci, N. Rando and A Passerone . 455
4: ROLE OF SURFACES AND INTERFACES IN
ELABORATING CERAMICS MATERIALS
Tutorial Lectures
CHARACTERIZATION, PROPERTIES AND PROCESSING
OF CERAMIC POWDERS
T.A. Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
SOME CURRENT ISSUES ON POLYCRYSTALLINE STRUCTURES
AND GRAIN GROWTH
A Mocellin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
Invited Lectures
THE ROLE OF SURFACES IN CERAMIC PROCESSES
H. Schubert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
SOME ASPECTS OF THE INFLUENCE OF PARTICLE SIZE ON
PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOUR OF A DIELECTRIC MATERIAL:
EXAMPLE OF BARIUM TITANATE
J-C.
Niepce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
Contributed Papers
VARIATION WITH PROCESSING CONDITIONS OF BULK AND
GRAIN BOUNDARY PTCR PHENOMENA IN DOPED BaTi03
D.C. Sinclair and AR West .................... 535
COPPER-CORDIERITE COSINTERING
J. J. J.
V. Oliver, Guille, C. Bernier, B.S. Han, Werckmann,
J.
Faerber, P. Humbert and B. Carriere . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 545
ix
GRAIN BOUNDARY PHENOMENA IN THE EARLY STAGES OF
SINTERING OF MO OXIDES
A.M.R Senos, M.R Santos, A.P. Moreira and J.M. Vieira .... 553
SINTERING OF Nd203 AND CERAMIC STABILITY TO HYDRATION
J.M. Heintz, P. Poix and J. C. Bernier . . . . . . . . . . .... 565
CONTROL OF CARBON-SILICATE INTERFACE AREA IN THE
PREPARATION OF SiMON CERAMIC PRECURSORS FROM CLAYS
F. Kooli and F. Bergaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... 575
PREPARATION OF AN ALUMINA-ZIRCONIA SOL FOR PRODUCING
MICROSPHERES
L. Montanaro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
5: INTERACTION OF CERAMICS WITH ENVIRONMENT
Tutorial Lectures
SOLID-GAS AND SOLID-SOLID INTERACTIONS OF CERAMIC
OXIDES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
H.J. Grabke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
GROWTH OF CERAMIC LAYERS FROM V APOR PHASE
F. Teyssandier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 625
REACTIONS OF CERAMIC OXIDES WITH AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
(INCLUDING DISSOLUTION)
M.A. Blesa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639
Invited Lecture
DISSOLUTION MECHANISMS OF OXIDES AND TITANATE CERAMICS -
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE AND SURFACE ANALYTICAL STUDIES
P.S. Turner, C.F. Jones, S. Myhra, F.B. Neall, D.K. Pham
and RSt.C. Smart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
Contributed Papers
THE ROLE OF GRAIN BOUNDARY MODIFICATIONS IN THE
THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF Mn-FERRITES
J.H. Boy and G.P. Wirtz ...................... 691
x
TEMPTATIVE MODELING OF SURFACE REACTIVIlY WITH OXIDIZING
REDUCING MIXTURES ON RUTILE Ti02-() (Extended Abstract)
F. Morin and L-C. Dufour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 701
6: PROPERTIES RELATED TO SURFACES AND
INTERFACES IN SPECIFIC CERAMIC MATERIALS
Tutorial Lectures
N ANOPHASE CERAMICS, MEMBRANES AND ION IMPLANTED LAYERS
AJ. Burggraaf, K Keiser and B.A van Hassel . . . . . . . . .. . 705
SURFACE DETERMINED PROPERTIES OF SILICATE GLASSES
A.A. Kruger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ....... 725
IMPORTANCE OF INTERFACIAL STRENGTH ON FRACTURE
TOUGHNESS OF BRITTLE MATRIX COMPOSITES
P. Pirouz, G. Morscher and J. Chung . . ...... 737
Invited Lecture
PRECIPITATION TOUGHENING AND PRECIPITATION
HARDENING IN Y203-STABILIZED Zr02 CRYSTALS
A Dominguez-Rodriguez and AH. Heuer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
Contributed Papers
RESIDUAL STRESSES IN POROUS PLASMA-SPRAYED ALUMINA
COATING ON TITANIUM ALLOY FOR MEDICAL ApPLICATION
(Extended Abstract)
H. Carrerot, J. Rieu and A Rambert . . . . . . . . . .. .... 777
W-TiN-SiC MATERIAL FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE ApPLICATION
L.R. Wolff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .779
COLLOIDAL FILTRATION OF HYDROPHOBIC ALUMINA.
INFLUENCE OF SEDIMENTATION ON FILTRATION KINETICS
AP. Philipse and H.P. Veringa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789
SUBJECT INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ............ 799