Surface Preparation Techniques for Adhesive Bonding (Materials Science and Process Technology Series) PDF
Preview Surface Preparation Techniques for Adhesive Bonding (Materials Science and Process Technology Series)
by Raymond F. Wegman Adhesion Associates Ledgewood, New Jersey Reprint Edition r;:;:::l NOVES PUBLICATIONS ~ Westwood, New Jersey, U.S.A. Copyright @ 1989 by Raymond F. Wegman No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any informa- tion storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 88-34528 ISBN: O-8155-1198-1 Printed in the United States Published in the United States of America by Noyes Publications Fairview Avenue, Westwood, New Jersey 07675 10987654 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wegman, Raymond F. Surface preparation techniques for adhesive bonding. Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Adhesives. 2. Surface preparation. I. Title. TP966.W44 1989 668.3 88-34526 ISBN O-8155-1198-1 To all those engineers and scientists who have dedicated their careers to the advancement of the field of materials and processing for adhe- sive bonding; and to my wife, Rose, whose en- couragement, indulgence, and sacrifice made this book possible. Preface The purpose of this handbook is to provide information on processing adherends prior to adhesive bonding. Where sufficient data was available the processes are given in the form of process specifications. Further, where available, data is given to enable potential users a basis for the selec- tion of the process most suitable for their particular appli- cation and facility. It is known that many of the chemicals used in these processes are hazardous due to their strong oxidizing properties, or may be toxic or hazardous to one’s health. It is the user’s responsibility to assure that proper safety, handling and disposal procedures are implemented and monitored when any of these methods is employed. Raymond F. Wegman vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My grateful thanks to Dr. David W. Levi for his help and encouragement; Dr. John D. Ven- ables and his staff at the Materials and Surface Science Department at Martin Marietta Labora- tories, for supplying the numerous micrographs and drawings of treated surfaces. NOTICE To the best of the Publisher’s knowledge the in- formation contained in this publication is accu- rate; however, the Publisher assumes no liability for errors or any consequences arising from the use of the information contained herein. Final determination of the suitability of any informa- tion, procedure, or product for use contemplated by any user, and the manner of that use, is the sole responsibility of the user. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommen- dation for use by the Publisher. The book is intended for information only. It is known that many of the chemicals used in the processes described are hazardous, due to their strong oxidizing properties, or may be toxic or hazardous to one’s health. It is the user’s re- sponsibility to assure that proper safety, han- dling and disposal procedures are implemented and monitored when any of these methods is employed. Expert advice should be obtained at all times when implementation is being con- sidered. .. . VIII Contents Preface ............................................................................ vii Acknowledgments ........................................................... viii Notice .............................................................................. viii 1. Introduction ............................................................. 1 Adhesion .............................................................................. 1 Specific Adhesion .................................................... 2 Mechanical Adhesion ............................................... 3 Bonding ................................................................................ 5 References ........................................................................... 7 2. Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ........................... 9 Introduction .......................................................................... 9 FPL Etch .............................................................................. 10 Phosphoric Acid Anodize Process ...................................... 14 P2 Etch Process .................................................................. 17 Chromic Acid Anodize Process ........................................... 19 Preparation of Aluminum Alloys by the Optimized FPL Etch (Sulfo-Chrom Etch) .......................................... 22 Apparatus ................................................................ 22 Materials .................................................................. 22 Processing ............................................................... 23 Restrictions .............................................................. 24 ix This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. x Contents Preparation of Aluminum Alloys by the Phosphoric Acid Anodize Process (PAA) ............................................ 24 Apparatus ................................................................ 24 Appearance ............................................................. 25 Materials .................................................................. 26 Processing ............................................................... 26 Restrictions .............................................................. 27 Anodic Coating Inspection ....................................... 27 Preparation of Aluminum Alloys by the P2 Etch (Sulfo- Ferric Etch) ............................................................... 27 Apparatus ................................................................ 27 Materials .................................................................. 28 Processing ............................................................... 29 Restrictions .............................................................. 30 Preparation of Aluminum Alloys by the Chromic Acid Anodize Method (CAA) ............................................. 30 Apparatus ................................................................ 30 Appearance ............................................................. 31 Materials .................................................................. 32 Processing ............................................................... 33 Restrictions .............................................................. 34 Specific Controls ...................................................... 34 References ........................................................................... 35 3. Titanium and Titanium Alloys ................................ 38 Introduction .......................................................................... 38 Preparation of Titanium by the Chromic Acid Anodize Process ..................................................................... 51 Apparatus ................................................................ 51 Materials .................................................................. 52 Processing ............................................................... 52 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. Contents xi Restrictions .............................................................. 53 Preparation of Titanium by the Turco 5578 Process .......... 53 Apparatus ................................................................ 53 Materials .................................................................. 54 Processing ............................................................... 54 Restrictions .............................................................. 55 Preparations of Titanium by the Liquid Honel Pasa-Jell 107 Process .............................................................. 55 Apparatus ................................................................ 55 Materials .................................................................. 55 Processing ............................................................... 56 Restrictions .............................................................. 57 Preparation of Titanium by the Dry Hone/Pass-Jell 107 Process ..................................................................... 57 Apparatus ................................................................ 57 Materials .................................................................. 58 Processing ............................................................... 58 Restrictions .............................................................. 59 Preparation of Titanium by the Alkaline Peroxide Process ..................................................................... 59 Apparatus ................................................................ 59 Materials .................................................................. 60 Processing ............................................................... 60 Restrictions .............................................................. 61 Preparation of Titanium by the Stabilized Phosphate Fluoride Process ....................................................... 61 Apparatus ................................................................ 61 Materials .................................................................. 61 Processing ............................................................... 62 Restrictions .............................................................. 63 References ........................................................................... 63 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. xii Contents 4. Steel and Stainless Steel ........................................ 66 Introduction .......................................................................... 66 Carbon and Alloy Steels ...................................................... 66 Bonding to Oily Steel ........................................................... 68 Preparation for Bonding to Oily Steel ....................... 68 Conversion Coating of Steel ................................................ 70 Stainless Steel ..................................................................... 70 Specialty Stainless Steels ................................................... 72 Preparation of Steel by the Phosphoric Acid-Alcohol Process ..................................................................... 72 Apparatus ................................................................ 72 Materials .................................................................. 73 Processing ............................................................... 73 Variations ................................................................. 73 Restrictions .............................................................. 73 Preparation of Steel by the Nitric-Phosphoric Acid Process ..................................................................... 74 Apparatus ................................................................ 74 Materials .................................................................. 74 Processing ............................................................... 74 Preparation of Stainless Steel by the Sulfuric Acid- Sodium Dichromate Process .................................... 74 Apparatus ................................................................ 74 Materials .................................................................. 75 Processing ............................................................... 75 Restrictions .............................................................. 76 Preparation of Stainless Steel by the Sulfuric Acid- Sodium Bisulfate Process ........................................ 76 Apparatus ................................................................ 76 Materials .................................................................. 77 Processing ............................................................... 77 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation.
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