Surface Chemistry of Biological Systems: Proceedings of the American Chemical Society Symposium on Surface Chemistry of Biological Systems held in New York City September 11–12, 1969 PDF
Preview Surface Chemistry of Biological Systems: Proceedings of the American Chemical Society Symposium on Surface Chemistry of Biological Systems held in New York City September 11–12, 1969
Surface Chemistry of Biological Systems ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY Editorial Board: Nathan Back Chairman, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, State University of New York, BufJalo, N ew York N. R. Di Luzio Chairman, Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana Alfred Gellhorn University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Bernard Halpern Director of the Institute of Immuno.Biology, Paris, France Ephraim Katchalski Department of Biophysics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, Israel David Kritchevsky Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Abel Lajtha N ew York State Research Institute for Neurochemistry and Drug Addiction, Ward's Island, N ew York Rodolfo Paoletti Institute of Pharmacology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, and Institute of Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy Volume 1 THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS Edited by N. R. Di Luzio and R. Paoletti' 1%7 Volume 2 PHARMACOLOGY OF HORMONAL POLYPEPTIDES AND PROTEINS Edited by N. Back, L. Martini, and R. Paoletti' 1968 Volume 3 GERM· FREE BIOLOGY - EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS Edited by E. A. Mirand and N. Back' 1969 Volume 4 DRUGS AFFECTING LIPID METABOLISM Edited by W. L. Holmes, L. A. Carlson, and R. Paoletti' 1%9 Volume 5 LYMPHATIC TISSUE AND GERMINAL CENTERS IN IMMUNE RESPONSE Edited by L. Fiore·Donati and M. G. Hanna, Jr .• 1969 Volume 6 RED CELL METABOLISM AND FUNCTION Edited by George J. Brewer' 1970 Volume 7 SURFACE CHEMISTRY OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS Edited by Martin Blank' 1970 Surface Chemistry of Biological Systems Proceedings of the American Chemical Society Symposium on Surface Chemistry of Biological Systems held in New York City September 11·12, 1969 Edited by Martin Blank Department of Physiology College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University, New York c:±? PLENUM PRESS - NEW YORK-LONDON -1970 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 70-110799 @ 1970 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1970 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 TPest 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011 United Kingdom edition published by Plenum Press, London A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation, Ltd. Donington House, 30 Norfolk Street, London TP.C.2, England All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-9007-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-9005-1 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9005-1 PREFACE This vol\.Dl\e of Advances in Experinental ~dicine and Biology is based on an Arrerican Chemical Society SympositUII entitled: "Surface Chemistry of Biological Systems", which took place in New York on September 11-12, 1969. Thanks to the special photo offset process used by the publishers, the papers are appearing very soon after their presentation, and at a lower cost than usual. These advantages are appreciated by the scientific community. As the title of the vol\.Dl\e indicates we have attempted to bring the scientific approach and techniques of surface chemistry to the complex problems of biological systems. Two previous sym posia in this field have been published, one in the Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (24:1-127, 1967) and the other in the Journal of General Physiology (52:187S-252S, 1968). The previous publication outlets, a chemical and a biological journal, help to emphasize the interdisciplinary nature of the material and also the appropriateness of the choice of Advances in Experinental Medicine and Biology for the C1.lr'rent symposium. Surface chemistry continues to be useful and productive in the direct study of biological systems, and also indirectly as a context for the consideration of biological problems. There has been considerable progress in the last few years, and this vol\.Dl\e is composed of research contributions by leading workers on a variety of problems in this general area. Along with the recent results of research on specific problems, each paper includes an up-to-date survey of the general field highlighting those areas in which there has been considerable activity in the last few years, and also indicating some of the directions in which future research will continue. The papers can be grouped into three categories: 1- The first group deals with m:xiel systems, such as rronolayers bilayers and dispersions, where the emphasis is on inter actions between the substances themselves and also between the substances and other materials in bulk phases. These papers are directed primarily at the problems of membrane stability, and in particular the role of lipids. v vi PREFACE 2- The second gruup deals with the COlIp)sition of the surfaces of natural systems and the various interactions that can result between the surfaces. These papers consider such problems as the chemical COlIp)Sition of a simple membrane, the substances present at the outer surfaces of various cells, the lung surfactant system, etc. 3- The third gruup deals with various aspects of transport across surfaces and the factors that influence transport. These papers emphasize the specialized mechanisms that are characteristic of transport across natural nenbranes, e.g. gastric secretion, pinocytosis in ameba, sugar transport in red blood cells. In the case of sugar transport it is of sane interest to note that sone components of the red cell which are believed to be "carriers" of sugars in membranes can be shown to act as carriers in a simple interfacial system. There is sene overlap between the gruups, which is to be ex pected in an active field, but the gruupings help one to see the trends in the general areas. For example, work is continuing on the composition and surface structure of membranes and there is a growing interest in the study of interactions in and between s~ faces. There is also renewed awareness of the changes that occur in natural surfaces with tine and as a result of the processes under study. This latter factor is particularly important in the study of transport processes Vhere one must now begin to consider that membranes may change (in degree of hydration, charge, etc.) during a process and that average properties, e.g. permea1:>ility constants, may prove to be inadequate. Finally, one must note the advances that are being made in the study of medical problems, such as the characterization and the nechanism of deposition of lipids in atheromatous plaques, the developJISlt of compatible materials for intravascular prostheses, the characterization of the lung surfactant system, etc. Although this is a rather small collection of papers, I think the reader will find that they cover a wide variety of topics and that they serve to crystallize the many recent advances in this active field of research. Martin Blank Depart:Jrent of Physiology Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeoos October 1969 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Morris B. Abramson The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York R. E. Baier Applied Physics Department Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory Cornell University Buffalo, New York Jesse M. Berkowitz Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Meadowbrook Hospital East Meadow, New York Joel L. Bert Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Berkeley, California Michael Borowitz Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine University of California Medical Center San Francisco, California Philip W. Brandt Columbia University New York, New York Giuseppe Colacicco York College City University of New York Flushing, New York R. C. Dutton Laboratory of Technical Development National Heart Institute Bethesda, Maryland viii LIST OF PARTICIPANTS M. T. A. Evans Unilever Research Laboratory Colworth/Welwyn The Fry the, Welwyn Herts, England Irving Fatt Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Berkeley, California M. A. Frommer Polymer Department Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovoth, Israel Morton Galdston Associate Professor of Medicine New York University School of Medicine New York, New York Jon Goerke Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine University of California Medical Center San Francisco, California V. L. Gott Department of Surgery Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland Helen H. Harper Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine University of California Medical Center San Francisco, California Klaus B. Hendi! Carlsberg Laboratory Carlsbergvey, Valby, Denmark L. Irons Unilever Research Laboratory Colworth/Welwyn The Fry the Welwyn, Herts, England Robert Katzman The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ix A. Khaiat Polymer Department Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovoth, Israel Christian Mathot Rockefeller University New York, New York E. Mayhew Department of Experimental Pathology Roswell Park Memorial Institute Buffalo, New York 1. R. Miller Polymer Department Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovoth, Israel J. Mitchell Unilever Research Laboratory Colworth/Welwyn The Fry the Welwyn, Herts, England Thomas Jenner Moore St. Luke's Hospital Center and College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, New York P. R. Mussellwhite Unilever Research Laboratory Colworth/Welwyn The Fry the Welwyn, Herts, England P. A. Myers New England Institute for Medical Research Ridgefield, Connecticut Martin S. Nachbar Department of Medicine New York University School of Medicine New York, New York Shinpei Ohki Department of Biophysical Sciences State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo, New York Demetrios Papahadjopoulos Department of Experimental Pathology Roswell Park Memorial Institute Buffalo, New York x LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Melvin Praissman The Department of Physiology Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, New York Alexandre Rothen Rockefeller University New York, New York Milton R. J. Salton Department of Microbiology New York University School of Medicine New York, New York Emile M. Scarpelli Department of Pediatrics Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York, New York Dinesh O. Shah Surface Chemistry Laboratory Marine Biology Division Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Columbia University Palisades, New York Donald M. Small Biophysics Unit Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts H. Ti Tien Department of Biophysics Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan D. J. Wilkins New England Institute for Medical Research Ridgefield, Connecticut L. Weiss Department of Experimental Pathology Roswell Park Memorial Institute Buffalo, New York
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