Suppressor cells and their factors

181 Pages·1981·22.387 MB·English

by  Krakauer, Randall S., Clough, John D

Suppressor Cells
and
Their Factors
Editors
Randall S. Krakauer, M.D.
Head, Section of Clinical Immunology
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio
John D. Clough, M.D.
Chairman
Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Disease
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio
Boca Raton London New York
CRC PreCss Ris aCn iPmrperisnts o, f Itnhec.
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Boca Raton, Florida
First published 1981 by CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
Reissued 2018 by CRC Press
© 1981 by CRC Press, Inc.
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish
reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the
consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this
publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has
not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form
by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording,
or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.
com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a
not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a
photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Suppressor cells and their factors.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Suppressor cells. 2. Lymphokines.
I. Krakauer, Randall S. II. Clough, John D.
[DNLM: 1. Immunity, Cellular. 2. Suppressor cells
— Immunolgy. QW 568 S959]
QR185.8.S96S96 616.07’9 81-267
ISBN 0-8493-6185-0 AACRI
A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 81000267
Publisher’s Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies
may be apparent.
Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to
contact.
ISBN 13: 978-1-315-89792-9 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-1-351-07702-6 (ebk)
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the
CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com
PREFACE
It has only been a short time since the existence of suppressor cells was demon-
strated, yet in this period of time a great deal of information has been compiled con-
cerning their basic science and· their functions or disordered function in human disease.
In this volume we have attempted to clarify the immune mechanisms through which
these cells act, their normal functions, and how their functions are disordered in certain
disease states. Through this information we have proposed some rational approaches
to therapy of diseases we perceived at least partially due to disordered immune regu-
lation. We have in particular focused on the recently emerging field of soluble sup-
pressor factors as a means of providing adoptive immunotherapy in certain situations.
I hope that future work in this field will justify the confidence we have in this ap-
proach.
We would like to thank all of the authors who have contributed to this volume and
those who have helped to put this book together, including Joan Skiba, Diane Crouse,
Arline Spears, and Nancy Neading.
Randall S. Krakauer, M.D.
John D. Clough, M.D.
THE EDITORS
Randall S. Krakauer, M.D., is head of the Clinical Immunology Section of the
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
Dr. Krakauer received his B.S. degree from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and his
M.D. from Albany Medical College in 1972. He served as Medical Intern and Medical
Resident at the University of Minnesota Hospitals, Minneapolis, Minnesota and was
a Clinical Associate in Immunophysiology at the Metabolism Branch, National Cancer
Institute from 1974 to 1976. He served a Clinical and Research Fellowship in Rheu-
matic Disease at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School from 1976
to 1978, and has been at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation since 1978.
Dr. Krakauer is board certified in Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, is an editor
of Immunopharmacology, a member of the executive committee of the study group
for Lupus Nephritis, Chairman of the Medical Advisory Board of the Ohio Lupus
Foundation, and Chairman of the immunotherapy Section of the American Society
for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. He holds research grants from the Na-
tional Institutes of Health, the Kroc Foundation for the Advancement of Medical Sci-
ence, and the Arthritis Foundation.
His present research concerns the association of immunoregulatory defects and au-
toimmunity and potential for immunotherapy of such diseases.
John D. Clough, M.D., is Chairman of the Department of Rheumatic and Immu-
nologic Disease and Director of the Special Immunology Laboratory at the Cleveland
Clinic Foundation. He received his B.S. degree from George Washington University
in 1961 and his M.D. degree from the same institution in 1965. His medical internship
and residency were at the Cleveland Clinic from 1965 through 1967 and 1970 through
1971. In the interim he served as a clinical associate in the Metabolism Branch of the
National Cancer Institute Foundation in 1971 and became Chairman of the Depart-
ment of Rheumatic and Immunologic Disease in 1979.
Dr. Clough is board certified in internal medicine and rheumatology, has served as
an editor of the Journal of Immunological Methods, is a trustee of the Northeast Ohio
Chapter of the Arthritis Foundation, and is a member of the Midwest Study Group
for Lupus Nephritis. His grant support is from the National Institutes of Health, the
Arthritis Foundation, the Prescott Foundation, and the Ohio Lupus Foundation.
Dr. Clough's present research interests include the role of immunoregulatory defects
in autoimmunity and the factors contributing to such defects.
CONTRIBUTORS
William E. Braun, M.D. Martha K. Cathcart, Ph.D.
Director, Histocompatibility Laboratory Project Scientist
Cleveland Clinic Department of lmmunolgy Research
Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio
R.M. Bukowski, M.D.
Staff Physician John D. Clough, M.D.
Department of Hematology and Chairman
Medical Oncology Department of Rheumatic and
Cleveland Clinic Immunologic Disease
Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio
Leonard H. Calabrese, D.O.
Special Immunology Laboratory Randall S. Krakauer, M.D.
Department of Immunopathology Head, Section of Clinical Immunology
Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Clinic ·
Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1: Immunology of Suppressor Cells and Their Factors
Chapter I
Immune Recognition ....................................................... 3
John D. Clough
Chapter 2
Immune Effectors .........................................................2 1
John D. Clough
Chapter 3
Immunoregulatory Cells .................................................. .43
John D. Clough
Chapter 4
Suppressor Factors ........................................................ 73
Martha K. Cathcart
Section 2: Clinical Immunology of Suppression and Immunoregulation
Chapter 5
Suppressor Cells in Oncology .............................................. 103
R. M. Bukowski
Chapter 6
Autoimmunity .......................................................... 123
Randall S. Krakauer
Chapter 7
Suppressor Function in Immunologic Deficiency States ........................ 129
Leonard H. Calabrese
Chapter 8
Suppressor Cells in the Allograft Response .................................. 149
William E. Braun
Chapter 9
Allergy ................................................................. 159
Randall S. Krakauer
Chapter 10
Scope of Immunoregulation in Clinical Science ............................... 163
Randall S. Krakauer
Index .................................................................. 165
Section 1: Immunology of Suppressor Cells
and Their Factors

3
Chapter 1
IMMUNE RECOGNITION
John D. Clough
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Introduction ........................................................ 4
II. Antigens and Antigenicity ............................................. 4
III. Antigen-Reactive Cells ............................................... 6
A. B Cells ....................................................... 6
B. T Cells ....................................................... 7
C. Secondarily Specific Cells ....................................... 8
IV. Genetics of Immune Recognition ....................................... 8
A. Somatic Mutation ............................................. 9
B. Germ Line ................................................... 10
C. Genetic Unresponsiveness and Gene Complementation ............. 11
V. Immunological Tolerance ............................................ 11
VI. Conclusion ........................................................ 13
References ............................................................... 14