supply and installation of turbines and generators contract appendix 6-4 governor system ...

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SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION OF TURBINES AND GENERATORS CONTRACT
APPENDIX 6-4
GOVERNOR SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS (SPGOV)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SPGOV1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Definitions .................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Scope of Work ........................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Submittals .................................................................................................................................. 3
SPGOV2 GOVERNOR SYSTEM PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS .................................................... 4
2.1 Control Algorithm ....................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Control Algorithm Elements ....................................................................................................... 4
2.3 Stability ...................................................................................................................................... 6
2.4 Speed Deadband and Deadtime ............................................................................................... 7
2.5 Select Before Operate Control ................................................................................................... 8
2.6 Seismic Withstand ..................................................................................................................... 8
SPGOV3 GOVERNOR SYSTEM FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ........................................................ 9
3.1 Governor System Local/Remote Control Transfer .................................................................... 9
3.2 Governor System Control Modes .............................................................................................. 9
3.3 Wicket Gate Limit Functionality ............................................................................................... 12
3.4 Governor Setpoints .................................................................................................................. 13
3.5 Transfer Function Setting Adjustments.................................................................................... 14
3.6 Automatic Start Control ............................................................................................................ 15
3.6.1 Normal Automatic Start Control ........................................................................................ 15
3.6.2 Soft Start Control ............................................................................................................... 15
3.6.3 Fast Start Control .............................................................................................................. 15
3.6.4 Speed Match Control (during automatic Unit synchronizing) ........................................... 16
3.7 Automatic Stop Control ............................................................................................................ 16
3.7.1 Normal Automatic Stop ..................................................................................................... 16
3.7.2 Wicket Gate Closing Law .................................................................................................. 16
3.7.3 Non Lock-Out Partial Shutdown Sequence ...................................................................... 16
3.8 Governor System Protection .................................................................................................... 17
3.9 Air Admission ........................................................................................................................... 17
3.10 Turbine Air Depression for Synchronous Condenser Operation ............................................. 17
3.11 High-Pressure Oil System ....................................................................................................... 18
3.12 Make-up Air .............................................................................................................................. 19
3.13 Software ................................................................................................................................... 19
3.13.1 Application Configuration Files (Governor Software) ........................................................ 19
3.13.2 Configuration Tool Software (Governor Configuration Software) ..................................... 19
3.13.3 Governor System Events .................................................................................................. 19
3.13.4 Governor System Data Table ........................................................................................... 19
SPGOV4 GOVERNOR SYSTEM TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS – INSTRUMENTATION .................. 21
4.1 General .................................................................................................................................... 21
4.2 Unit and Running Bus Speed Sensing .................................................................................... 21
4.2.1 Generator VT Speed Sensing System .............................................................................. 21
4.2.2 Toothed-Wheel Speed Sensing System ........................................................................... 22
4.2.3 Running Bus VT Speed Sensing System ......................................................................... 22
4.2.4 Speed Signal Selection ..................................................................................................... 23
4.3 Pilot Valve Position Sensing .................................................................................................... 23
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4.4 Wicket Gate Position Sensing ................................................................................................. 23
4.5 Speed Switches ....................................................................................................................... 24
4.6 Wicket Gate Position Switches ................................................................................................ 24
4.7 Governor MW Transducer ....................................................................................................... 25
4.8 Isolation Detector ..................................................................................................................... 25
4.9 Accumulator Instrumentation and Controls ............................................................................. 26
4.9.1 Accumulator Pressure Sensing ......................................................................................... 26
4.9.2 Accumulator Oil Level Sensing ......................................................................................... 26
4.10 Oil Sump Instrumentation and Controls ................................................................................... 26
4.11 Servomotor Pressure Transducers .......................................................................................... 26
4.12 Draft Tube Level Transducer ................................................................................................... 26
SPGOV5 GOVERNOR SYSTEM TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS – ELECTRICAL .............................. 27
5.1 High-Pressure Oil Pump Motors .............................................................................................. 27
5.2 Governor Control Cabinet ........................................................................................................ 27
5.2.2 Governor PLC ................................................................................................................... 27
5.2.3 Governor HMI .................................................................................................................... 33
5.2.4 Governor Hardwired Controls ........................................................................................... 33
5.2.5 Power Supplies ................................................................................................................. 33
5.2.6 Run-Time Counters ........................................................................................................... 34
SPGOV6 GOVERNOR SYSTEM TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS - MECHANICAL ............................. 34
6.1 Mechanical Design Criteria ...................................................................................................... 34
6.1.1 Governor Oil Systems ....................................................................................................... 34
6.1.2 Design, Operating, and Test Pressures ............................................................................ 35
6.2 High-Pressure Oil Pumps ........................................................................................................ 35
6.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 35
6.2.2 Main Pumps ...................................................................................................................... 36
6.2.3 Jockey Pump ..................................................................................................................... 36
6.3 Oil Sump .................................................................................................................................. 36
6.3.1 Construction ...................................................................................................................... 36
6.3.2 Oil Heating and Cooling .................................................................................................... 37
6.4 Accumulators ........................................................................................................................... 37
6.4.1 Design ............................................................................................................................... 37
6.4.2 Volume .............................................................................................................................. 38
6.5 Governor Compressed Air System .......................................................................................... 38
6.6 Valves ...................................................................................................................................... 40
6.7 Oil Filtration .............................................................................................................................. 40
6.8 Distributing Valve Assembly .................................................................................................... 40
6.9 Servomotor Timing Devices ..................................................................................................... 41
6.10 Governor Shutdown Solenoid Valve ........................................................................................ 41
6.10.1 Manual Shutdown Valve ................................................................................................... 41
6.11 Wicket Gate Lock Solenoid Valve............................................................................................ 41
6.12 Oil Containment Pit .................................................................................................................. 41
6.13 Specialized Testing Equipment ............................................................................................... 42
6.14 Equipment Identification .......................................................................................................... 42
6.14.1 Governor System Nameplate Placard .............................................................................. 42
SPGOV7 TEST AND ISOLATION FACILITIES ....................................................................................... 43
7.1 Test Points ............................................................................................................................... 43
7.2 Isolation Facilities..................................................................................................................... 43
7.2.1 CT Entrance FT-1 Block ................................................................................................... 43
7.2.2 VT Entrance FT-1 Blocks .................................................................................................. 44
7.2.3 Compact Iso/Test Subpanel .............................................................................................. 44
7.2.4 Combination FT-1 Block ................................................................................................... 44
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SPGOV8 MANUFACTURING, INSPECTION AND TEST REQUIREMENTS ........................................ 44
8.1 Shop Inspection and Tests ...................................................................................................... 44
8.1.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 44
8.1.2 Governor Control Cabinet ................................................................................................. 44
8.1.3 HPU ................................................................................................................................... 44
8.1.4 Compressed Air System ................................................................................................... 45
SPGOV9 SITE ACCEPTANCE AND COMMISSIONING TESTS ........................................................... 45
9.1 General .................................................................................................................................... 45
9.2 Governor System Tests by the Contractor .............................................................................. 45

Supply & Installation of Turbines and Generators - Appendix 6-4 [Governor System Specifications (SPGOV)]
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SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION OF TURBINES AND GENERATORS CONTRACT
APPENDIX 6-4
GOVERNOR SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS (SPGOV)
SPGOV1 GENERAL
1.1 Definitions
In this Appendix 6-4 [Governor System Specifications (SPGOV)], in addition to the definitions set out in
Schedule 1 [Definitions and Interpretation]:
“Auto-Mode” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 3.2(a)(i);
“Deadtime” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 2.4;
“Droop” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 2.2(c)(ii);
“Gate Limit Setpoint” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 3.3(a);
“Gate Position Error” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 2.2(b)(i);
“Gate Position Setpoint” or “Gate Setpoint” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 2.1(b);
“Gate Position Switch” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 4.6;
“Generate Mode” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 3.2(d)(i);
“Generator VT Speed Sensing System” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 4.2.1;
“Governor Configuration Software” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 3.13.2;
“Governor Control Cabinet” or “GCC” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 5.2;
“Governor Design Pressure” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 6.1.2;
“Governor Hardwired Controls” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 5.2.4;
“Governor HPU” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 6.1.1;
“Governor PLC” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 5.2.2;
“Governor Setpoint” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 3.4;
“Governor Shutdown Solenoid” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 6.10;
“Governor Software” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 3.13.1;
“Governor Speed Switch” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 4.5;
“Governor System” or “Governor” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 1.2;
“Governor System Data Table” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 3.13.4;
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“Isolated Load Mode” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 3.2(c)(iii);
“Isolated Load Settings” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 3.2(c)(iii)(B);
“Isolation Detector” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 4.8;
“Manual Mode” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 3.2(a)(ii);
“Maximum Offline Wicket Gate Limit” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 3.3(d)(iv);
“Maximum Online Wicket Gate Limit” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 3.3(d)(v);
“Measured Gate Position” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 4.4;
“Measured Running Bus Frequency” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 4.2.3;
“Measured Unit Power” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 4.7;
“Measured Unit Speed” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 4.2.4;
“Offline Mode” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 3.2(c)(i);
“Offline Settings” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 3.2(c)(i)(B);
“Online Mode” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 3.2(c)(ii);
“Online Settings” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 3.2(c)(ii)(B);
“PD Transfer Function” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 2.2(b);
“Permanent Speed Droop” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 2.2(c);
“PID Transfer Function” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 2.2(a);
“Power Droop” or “Speed Regulation” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 3.2(b)(i);
“Power Error” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 2.2(c)(i);
“Power Setpoint” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 2.1(c);
“Running Bus VT Speed Sensing System” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 4.2.3;
“Setpoint Feedforward” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 2.2(d);
“Soft Start Stages” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 3.6.2(b);
“Speed Deadband” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 2.4;
“Speed Error” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 2.2(a)(i);
“Speed Setpoint” or “Speed Reference” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 2.1(a);
“Synchronous Condense Mode” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 3.2(d)(ii);
“Wicket Gate Droop” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 3.2(b)(ii); and
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“ZVPU Probe” has the meaning set out in SPGOV 4.2.2(a).
In addition to the above, words and phrases used in this Appendix 6-4 [Governor System Specifications
(SPGOV)] which are not defined elsewhere in this Agreement but which are defined in Section 3
(Definitions) of IEEE125 will have the meanings assigned to them such Section 3 (Definitions).
1.2 Scope of Work
The Contractor will provide a Turbine governor system (the “Governor System” or “Governor”) with each
Unit, designed to achieve control of Turbine speed and power via hydraulic actuation of wicket gate
servomotors. The Governor System will be of the electro-hydraulic type, and include:
(a) a Governor Control Cabinet;
(b) instrumentation systems, including:
(i) Turbine speed sensing systems;
(ii) Turbine wicket gate and distributing valve position sensing systems; and
(iii) pressure, level, and temperature sensing systems;
(c) a hydraulic power unit and accumulator;
(d) Governor compressed air system;
(e) all necessary interconnections between the components listed above and to other Equipment;
and
(f) all other parts and materials necessary to achieve functionality outlined in the requirements of
Schedule 6 [Specifications and Drawings].
1.3 Submittals
In addition to the requirements of Appendix 6-1 [General Specifications (SPGS)] the following will be
submitted:
(a) Calculation Reports to include sizing of all mechanical components of the HPU;
(b) Calculation Reports to include all requirements of SPGOV 2.6;
(c) Calculation Reports to include Governor models and data in PTI PSS/e format as required for
system studies by Others;
(d) Calculation Reports to include results of computer model simulation studies conducted by the
Contractor pursuant to section 6.1.3 and 6.1.4 of IEEE 125;
(e) Governor Software Design Plan;
(f) Governor Software at 30%, 70% and 90% Design intervals in native file format and as a [.pdf];
(g) final Governor Software in native file format and as a [.pdf]; and
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(h) Block Diagrams of the Governor System that include:
(i) illustration of all AC and DC circuits, protection devices/modules, control
devices/modules, isolation points, data communications links, and interconnections; and,
(ii) a representation of the dynamic relationship between Turbine speed and wicket gate
servo positions, in Laplace transform notation, and including details of all significant
non-linearities in the electrical and hydraulic equipment.
SPGOV2 GOVERNOR SYSTEM PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
2.1 Control Algorithm
The Governor System will include a programmable closed-loop control algorithm intended to achieve
accurate and stable control of the Turbine, as appropriate for the specific operating mode that the
Governor System may be in, and according to the following control setpoints:
(a) the Unit speed setpoint (the “Speed Setpoint” or “Speed Reference”) is the desired speed of the
Unit;
(b) the Unit wicket gate position setpoint (the “Gate Position Setpoint” or “Gate Setpoint”) is the
desired position of the Turbine wicket gates; and
(c) the Unit power setpoint (the “Power Setpoint”) is the desired real power output of the Unit.
2.2 Control Algorithm Elements
The Governor System programmable closed-loop control algorithm will be based on the following
elements:
(a) a three-element PID (proportional, integral, derivative) transfer function (the “PID Transfer
Function”), that includes:
(i) a summing junction that determines the difference (the “Speed Error”) between its two
inputs, Speed Setpoint and Measured Unit Speed;
(ii) proportional and integral functions that each utilize Speed Error as an input;
(iii) a derivative function that allows either Speed Error or Measured Speed to be selected as
the input; and
(iv) a summing junction that adds output signals from the proportional, integral, and derivative
elements to produce a Gate Position Setpoint signal as its output;
(b) a two-element PD (proportional, derivative) transfer function (the “PD Transfer Function”),
connected in series with the PID Transfer Function, that includes:
(i) a summing junction that determines the difference (the “Gate Position Error”) between
its two inputs, Gate Position Setpoint and Measured Gate Position;
(ii) a proportional function that utilizes Gate Position Error as its input;
(iii) a derivative function that allows either Gate Position Error or Measured Gate Position to
be selected as the input; and
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(iv) a summing junction that adds output signals from the proportional and derivative
functions to produce a wicket gate control command signal as its output;
(c) permanent speed droop functionality (“Permanent Speed Droop”), that allows the Unit to share
power system load changes in proportion to its rated output, and that:
(i) includes a summing junction that determines the difference (the “Power Error”) between
its two inputs, Power Setpoint and Measured Unit Power;
(ii) includes a droop gain (the “Droop”) that allows either Power Error or Gate Position Error
to be selected as the input (the droop feedback parameter), and has its output connected
to modify (i.e., sum with) the Speed Setpoint; and
(iii) causes the Unit to perform linearly, such that the change in Unit speed will be the same
for equal changes of the feedback parameter (Power Error or Gate Position Error).
(d) a method of compensation (“Setpoint Feedforward”), intended to achieve a faster Governor
System response to a change in Power Setpoint. Setpoint Feedforward functionality will include
application of compensation for the nonlinear wicket gate versus power characteristic of the
Turbine at rated NSHE. For information and reference and without limiting this requirement, one
possible method of providing Setpoint Feedforward functionality is described here for reference:
(i) the Power Setpoint is converted to the estimated Gate Position Setpoint using a
programmable quadratic equation. When the Governor is operating in Wicket Gate Droop
mode the quadratic equation will be replaced with a unity gain;
(ii) the estimated wicket gate setpoint is fed forward through a first-order lag function that:
(A) includes a rate limit, expressed as a percentage of the maximum range of the
input, that is on-line tunable from 0.1% per second to 100% per second, in steps
of 0.1% or less;
(B) includes a first-order lag time constant (i.e., the time required for the output to
reach 63% of its final steady state value in response to a step input), that is
on-line tunable from 0 to 50 seconds in steps of 0.1 seconds or less; and
(C) includes a validation check of settings assigned to the rate limit and first-order lag
time constant, to flag when the combination of selected settings may inhibit
functionality; and
(iii) the output of the first-order lag function is used to modify (i.e., sum with) the Gate
Position Setpoint.
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The illustration below provides an overview of an implementation of the control algorithm
described above:

2.3 Stability
The Governor System will be capable of controlling and regulating the Turbine speed, wicket gate
position, and power, with an adequate margin of stability (as outlined below), under each of the following
conditions, or any combination of these conditions:
(a) during isolated operation (connected to a load, with few or no other generating units operating in
parallel with it);
(b) during offline operation, including Unit startup and synchronization;
(c) during Unit shutdown (including normal and protection-initiated shutdown sequences);
(d) any Unit power output over the full range of Unit power outputs from zero to Maximum Unit
Output; and
(e) during transient conditions including generation ramping, load shedding, load rejection, or power
system disturbances.
The Governor System will meet the following minimum stability requirements:
(f) Sustained Conditions:
(i) Steady-State Governing Speed Band (speed stability index): The magnitude of the
envelope of the steady state speed oscillation caused by the Governor System will not
exceed 0.1% of rated speed when:
(A) when the Unit is offline (speed-no-load condition);
(B) when the Unit is online, at rated speed, connected to a constant isolated load
with Droop set at 5%.
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(ii) Steady-State Governing Load Band (power stability index): The magnitude of the
envelope of the steady-state Unit output power oscillation caused by the Governor
System will not exceed 0.2% of the Maximum Unit Output when:
(A) the Unit is operating online, with a constant power setpoint, in parallel with many
other units in an integrated multi-plant power system, with the Droop set at 5%,
and excluding operation in any designated Turbine rough load zones;
(B) the Unit is operating online, with a constant wicket gate setpoint, in parallel with
many other units in an integrated multi-plant power system, with the Droop set at
5%, and excluding operation in any designated Turbine rough load zones.
(g) Load Rejection: Subsequent to rejection of any Unit load (up to and including the Maximum Unit
Output), the Governor System will act to restore the Unit speed to the nominal speed reference,
as may be modified by the Speed Regulation setting, without exceeding:
(i) the Spiral Case Design Pressure specified in Appendix 6-3 [Turbine Specifications
(SPT)];
(ii) one Unit underspeed deviation (of 5% or less of rated speed); and
(iii) one Unit overspeed deviation (of 2% or less of rated speed) subsequent to the initial Unit
overspeed and underspeed deviation.
(h) Speed control during fluctuating isolated load operation: With the Unit operating connected to an
isolated resistive load of 90% of the Maximum Unit Output, and with hydraulic head anywhere
between +/-10% of rated head, the Governor System will be capable of providing damped control
of Turbine speed that:
(i) when the Unit is subjected to a sudden load change of +5% of Maximum Unit Output,
achieves attenuation of the peak amplitude of the second Turbine underspeed deviation
to at least 25% that of the first; and
(ii) when the Unit is subjected to a sudden load change of -5% of Maximum Unit Output,
achieves attenuation of the peak amplitude of the second Turbine overspeed deviation to
at least 25% that of the first.
The Contractor will perform stability studies in accordance with Sections 6.1.3 and 6.1.4 of IEEE 125.
2.4 Speed Deadband and Deadtime
The Governor speed deadband (the “Speed Deadband”) is the maximum change in steady-state Unit
speed, expressed as a percentage of rated speed, and with Droop set to zero, required to reverse the
direction of travel of the wicket gate servomotors. The Speed Deadband at rated speed will not exceed
0.02% of rated speed at any wicket gate position. One half of the Speed Deadband is the Governor
speed insensitivity.
The Governor deadtime (or “Deadtime”) is the elapsed time between a change in Unit speed and the
onset of wicket gate servomotor movement as a result of corrective action by the Governor System. The
Governor System will function such that the Deadtime does not exceed 0.2 s for a Speed Setpoint
change of 0.1 Hz or larger.
Supply & Installation of Turbines and Generators - Appendix 6-4 [Governor System Specifications (SPGOV)]
BC Hydro Site C Clean Energy Project
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