Supervision of Concrete Construction Volume 1 PDF
Preview Supervision of Concrete Construction Volume 1
Supervision of concrete construction J.G.Richardson, MIWM, MICT A Viewpoint Publication VIEWPOINT PUBLICATIONS Books published in the VIEWPOINT PUBLICATIONS series deal with all practical aspects of concrete, concrete technology and allied subjects in relation to civil and structural engineering, building and architecture. First published 1986 Volume 1 12.088 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go towww.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” ISBN 0-203-21001-8 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-26793-1 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN: 0 86310 012 0 (Print Edition) Viewpoint Publications are designed and published by: PALLADIAN PUBLICATIONS LIMITED 11 Grosvenor Crescent London SW1X 7EE England © Palladian Publications Limited Any recommendations made and opinions expressed in this book are the authors’, based on their own personal experience. No liability or responsibility of any kind (including liability for negligence) is accepted by the Publisher, its servants or agents. Contents Volume 1 Foreword x Author's note ix 1. Introduction 1 2. Drawings and documentation 3 Specification 3 Bills of Quantities 5 Drawings and schedules 11 Steel reinforcement details and schedules 11 Drawings and details prepared by the contractor 12 Checklist 14 3. Planning the construction process 15 Graphs 16 Histograms 17 Bar charts 17 Precedence diagrams 19 Networks 20 Line of balance 22 Planning procedures for a small concreting operation 23 Planning for pumping operations 28 Site layout 28 Precast site or works layout 30 Location of stores and services 33 Planning for the use of cranes 33 iv Checklist 35 4. Safety and health in the construction industry 36 Common Law rights 36 Statute Law 37 Defining an accident 38 Action in the event of an accident 38 The problems facing supervision 38 Hazards in construction 40 Avoiding hazards in construction 45 The Health and Safety Inspector 45 Checklist 46 5. Reinforced concrete 48 Concrete 48 Thermal movements 50 Strain 50 Creep and drying shrinkage 51 Swelling and plastic shrinkage 54 Heat of hydration 55 Durability 56 Cracking 57 Maturity of concrete 58 Admixtures 59 Pfa (fly-ash) 60 Steel reinforcement 64 Bond strength 64 Cover to reinforcement 64 Corrosion 66 Carbonation 67 Structural mechanics 68 Compression and tension 72 v Prestressed concrete 73 Concrete for prestressing 74 Fire resistance of prestressed and reinforced concrete 75 Lightweight concrete 77 Air-entrained concrete 77 6. Supervisory skills 79 The role of the supervisor within the construction industry 80 Training for the supervisor 88 The supervisor and his colleagues in supervision 89 Development of supervisory skills 90 Checklist 91 7. The prime mix method of mix design 93 P.L.Owens Introduction 93 The process of mix design 93 Materials 94 Mix composition 96 Objectives of mix proportioning 97 Aggregates 96 Workability 104 Compressive strength 106 The prime mix method 108 Examples 110 Quality control and mix design 117 Routine testing of materials 124 Routine testing of concrete 125 Control of the mix proportions by tests 127 Adjustment of the mix 129 Conclusion 129 Appendix: Workability and cohesion 130 8. Accuracy in construction 132 vi Achieving the required accuracy 133 Checklist 145 9. Joints 146 Construction joints 146 Joints between precast concrete elements 150 Points of supervision 158 Checklist 158 10. The concrete construction process 159 Working conditions 159 Preliminaries 160 Setting out 162 Excavation 164 Blinding 165 Ground beams and pile caps 168 Setting up forms on blinding 169 Slab casting operations 169 Walling—sequence of operations 175 Single sided wall construction 184 Column casting 184 Beam construction 186 Floor casting—suspended floors 190 Table forms in slab construction 191 Domes, barrels and geometrical work 192 Spandril walls 192 Access ramps 195 Stair construction 195 Bin and hopper construction 197 Culvert, tunnel and shaft construction 198 Supervising the construction process 200 Checklist 200 vii 11. Groundwork 203 R.Wilson Footings and foundations 203 Piling 215 Diaphragm wall construction 222 Points of supervision 228 12. Falsework and temporary works 230 Definition 230 Statutory requirements 230 The falsework co-ordinator 231 Loading 231 Supports 232 Checking 234 Propping and re-propping 237 Quickstrip systems 238 Checklist 240 13. Formwork 241 Preparing a formwork scheme 243 Alternative methods of construction 246 Pressures on formwork 247 Striking formwork 250 Reference material 250 Traditional formwork 251 Proprietary formwork 252 Purchase or hire 253 Main proprietary items of formwork 254 System formwork for slabs 259 Ties 260 Special formwork 265 Other form materials 265 Circular work 271 viii Checklist 271 Points of supervision 276 14. Surface finish 277 Specification covering surface finish 278 Supervising the surface finish of concrete 281 The consideration of detail in production of visual concrete 297 Precast surfaces 300 Visual concrete using tooling to texture the surface or expose the aggregate 302 Abrasive blasting 304 Efflorescence and lime bloom 305 Points of supervision 306 BibliographyÐVolume 1 307 Author's note Of necessity, a publication such as Supervision of Concrete Construction, takes some years to prepare. Where the reader requires to refer to a specifie British Standard or Code of Practice, it is advisable to check the status of such information with the BSI Catalogue—an annual publication, or by telephoning the British Standards Institution. The author is indebted to the British Standards Institution for permision to reproduce those parts of Codes used in this publication.
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