Super Simple Rock Cycle Projects

35 Pages·2017·6.651 MB·English

by  Jessie Alkire

SUPER SIMPLE
E A R T H INVESTIGATION
S
S U P ER SIMPL
E
K C
C Y
O C
L
R
E
R OJEC
P T
S
Science Activities for
Future Petrologists
Jessie Alkire
Consulting Editor, Diane Craig, M.A./Reading Specialist
abdopublishing.com
TO ADULT HELPERS
Published by Abdo Publishing, a division of ABDO, PO Box 398166, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55439. Copyright © 2018 by Abdo Consulting Group, Inc. International The projects in this title
copyrights reserved in all countries. No part of this book may be reproduced in
any form without written permission from the publisher. Super SandCastle™ is a are fun and simple. There
trademark and logo of Abdo Publishing.
are just a few things to
Printed in the United States of America, North Mankato, Minnesota
remember to keep kids
102017
012018 safe. Some projects
require the use of sharp
or hot objects. Also,
Design: Kelly Doudna, Mighty Media, Inc.
Production: Mighty Media, Inc.
kids may be using messy
Editor: Liz Salzmann
Cover Photographs: Mighty Media, Inc.; Shutterstock materials such as glue
Interior Photographs: Mighty Media, Inc.; Science Source; Shutterstock; Wikimedia
Commons or paint. Make sure they
protect their clothes and
The following manufacturers/names appearing in this book are trademarks: Essential
Everyday®, Morton®, Pyrex®, Westcott™
work surfaces. Review
Publisher’s Cataloging-in-Publication Data
the projects before
Names: Alkire, Jessie, author.
Title: Super simple rock cycle projects: science activities for future petrologists / by starting, and be ready to
Jessie Alkire.
Other titles: Science activities for future petrologists assist when necessary.
Description: Minneapolis, Minnesota : Abdo Publishing, 2018. | Series: Super simple
earth investigations
Identifiers: LCCN 2017946519 | ISBN 9781532112393 (lib.bdg.) |
ISBN 9781614799818 (ebook) Key Symbols
Subjects: LCSH: Petrology--Juvenile literature. | Geochemical cycles--Juvenile
literature. | Science--Experiments--Juvenile literature. Watch for these warning symbols in
Classification: DDC 507.8--dc23 this book. Here is what they mean.
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017946519
Hot!
Super SandCastle™ books are created by a team of professional educators, reading
You will be working with
specialists, and content developers around five essential components—phonemic
something hot. Get help!
awareness, phonics, vocabulary, text comprehension, and fluency—to assist young
readers as they develop reading skills and strategies and increase their general sharp!
knowledge. All books are written, reviewed, and leveled for guided reading and early
reading intervention programs for use in shared, guided, and independent reading You will be working with
and writing activities to support a balanced approach to literacy instruction. a sharp object. Get help!
S What Is the Rock Cycle? 4
Types of Rocks 6
T
How Scientists Study
the Rock Cycle 8
N
Materials 10
Crayon Rock Cycle 12
E
Sand Erosion Model 16
T
Sediment Jar 20
Weathering Cubes 22
N
Rock in a Cup 24
O Sparkling Eggshell Geodes 26
Conclusion 30
C
Quiz 31
Glossary 32
WHAT IS
THE ROCK CYCLE?
The rock cycle is a geological process. It is how rocks are
formed. Rocks are also changed and destroyed in the cycle.
Each kind of rock can become another kind over and over again.
Most of Earth’s crust
is made up of rocks.
They can be found
underground and on
Earth’s surface. Rocks
also shape landforms
around us.
Rocks are made of
minerals. Some are
made of one mineral.
Others are made of
many minerals. Rocks
can be many shapes,
CRUMBLING ROCKS colors, and sizes.
4
STONE FENCE
Rocks are important.
They have had
many purposes
throughout history.
Their uses include
tools, weapons, and
building supplies.
Minerals from rocks
are used to create
chemicals and other
substances we need.
STONE ARROWHEADS
5
TYPES OF ROCKS
Three kinds of rocks make up the rock
cycle. Each kind can become one of the
other kinds through the rock cycle.
IGNEOUS
ROCKS
Igneous rocks form
from magma. Magma
cools and hardens into
igneous rocks. These
rocks can be formed
underground. They can
also be formed above
ground after a volcano
erupts. Granite is a
type of igneous rock.
6
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
Erosion helps form
sedimentary rocks. Wind and
water erode rocks. The rocks
break into pieces called
sediments. The sediments
pile up in layers. Pressure
pushes the layers together.
This creates sedimentary
rocks. Sandstone is a type of
sedimentary rock.
METAMORPHIC
ROCKS
Metamorphic rocks start
underground as other
kinds of rocks. The rocks
change due to heat and
pressure within Earth.
This creates metamorphic
rocks. Marble is a type of
metamorphic rock.
7
HOW SCIENTISTS
STUDY THE ROCK CYCLE
Some scientists study the
rock cycle. They are called
petrologists. There are three
main branches of petrology. Each
branch studies one kind of rock.
Petrologists travel the world. They
collect rock samples. Then they
study the rocks in labs.
Scientists use special microscopes
to study rocks up close. They look
at a rock’s structure. They do tests
to find out what minerals the rock
is made of. They try to find out
how the rock formed. Then they
classify the rock.
A PETROLOGIST IN THE LAB
8