Super-radiance : multiatomic coherent emission

339 Pages·2018·11.8 MB·English

by  Benedict, Mihaly G., Ermolaev, A. M., Malyshev, V. A., Sokolov, I. V., Trifonov, E. D.

Super-radiance
Multiatomic Coherent Emission
Optics and Optoelectronics Series
Series Editors: E R Pike frs, B E A Saleh and S Lowenthal
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Super-radiance
Multiatomic Coherent Emission
M G Benedict
Attila Jozsef University, Szeged, Hungary
A M Ermolaev
University of Durham, UK
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
V A Malyshev
Vavilov State Optical Institute, St Petersburg, Russia
I V Sokolov
St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
E D Trifonov
Russian Herzen University, St Petersburg, Russia
Published in 1996 by Published in Greai Bniain by
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Inieraational Standard Book Number-10; 0-7503-0283-6 (Hardcover)
Internationa] Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-7503-0283-8 (Hardcover)
Library of Congress catalog number 96-3 I 132
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Contents
Preface xi
Introduction 1
The elementary theory of super-radiance 5
1.1 Cooperative spontaneous emission of two two-level atoms
separated by a distance less than the wavelength 5
1.2 Super-radiance of a system of N two-level atoms in a small
volume: the Dicke model 10
1.3 Photon statistics of super-radiance in the Dicke model 18
1-4 Semiclassical theory of super-radiance of an extendeds ystem 24
1.5 Solution of the Maxwell-Bloch equations for super-radiance 32
1.6 Concluding remarks 37
The observation of super-radiance 38
2.1 Super-radiance in gases 38
2.2 Observation of super-radiance in solid-state materials 59
2.3 Concluding remarks 70
Quantum electrodynamical approach 72
3.1 Formulation of the problem 73
3.2 Diagram method of non-stationary perturbation theory 74
3.3 The spontaneous decay of a single two-level atom 78
3.4 The interaction of two-level atoms via the transverse
electromagnetic field 84
3.5 Super-radiance of two two-level atoms 91
3.6 Super-radiance by extended polyatomic systems 99
3.7 Angular correlation of photons in super-radiance 110
Quantum fluctuations and self-organization in super-radiance 114
4.1 Quantum Maxwell-Bloch equations, Heisenberg picture 114
4.2 The initial conditions for the quantum Maxwell-Bloche quations 118
4.3 Averaging over semiclassical solutions 120
4.4 Statistical characteristics of super-radiance 122
4.5 Self-organization in super-radiance 128
Vll
vili Contents
The semiclassical theory 131
5.1 The equations of the model 131
5.2 Transition to amplified spontaneous emission 134
5.3 Area theorem and self-induced transparency 137
5.4 Linear régime of coherent amplification 140
5.5 Linear régime of super-radiance 146
5.6 Threshold condition and induced super-radiance 151
5.7 Solution of the nonlinear problem 153
5.8 Cooperative Raman scattering 157
5.9 Lasing without inversion 162
5.10 Concluding remarks 165
The influence of dipole-dipole inter-atomic coupling upon
super-radiance 166
6.1 Preliminary remarks 166
6.2 Dipole-dipole interaction in the semiclassical theory 168
6.3 Quantum theory of super-radiance from a regular short linear
chain of two-level atoms 182
6.4 Concluding remarks 189
7 Super-radiance of multi-spin systems 190
7.1 Preliminary remarks 190
7.2 Experimental observations of super-radiance of multi-spin
systems in a cavity 191
7.3 Theory of super-radiance of proton multi-spin systems in a
cavity 194
7.4 Comparison with NMR super-radiance experiments 203
7.5 Concluding remarks 206
8 Effects of diffraction upon super-radiance 207
8.1 Two-dimensional super-radiance 207
8.2 Super-radiance of a ‘sheet of paper’ volume 219
8.3 Concluding remarks 223
9 Reflection and transmission on the boundary of a resonant
medium 225
9.1 Integral equation for the propagation problem without SVEAS 226
9.2 The linear and stationary régime: Fresnel’s formulae 229
9.3 Cooperative transient properties of a resonant thin layer 231
9.4 Nonlinear transient reflection from the boundary of an extended
medium 241
9.5 Internal reflection in an inverted medium: correlation of
forward-backward super-radiance pulses 246
10 Resonant boundary value problem with local field effects 250
10.1 The modified Maxwell-Bloch equations with the local field
correction 251
Contents IX
10.2 Local field correction and the linear resonant refractive index 253
10.3 Nonlinear transmissiona nd mirror-less bistability 254
10.4 The local field correction for a thin layer: microscopic
derivation 263
10.5 Concluding remarks 266
11 New sources and applications of super-radiance 268
11.1 High-gain super-radiant régimes in FEL 268
11.2 Gamma-ray super-radiance 273
11.3 Recombination super-radiance in semiconductors 275
11.4 Sub-radiance 277
11.5 Experimental observation of super-radiance and SBR of two
trapped ions 279
11.6 Super-radiance and non-classical light 282
Super-radiance references and further reading 285
Other references 319
Index 323