Sulfur Metabolism in Higher Plants - Fundamental, Environmental and Agricultural Aspects

248 Pages·2017·5.425 MB·English

by  Luit J. De Kok, Malcolm J. Hawkesford, Silvia H. Haneklaus, Ewald Schnug (eds.)

Proceedings of the International Plant Sulfur Workshop
Luit J. De Kok
Malcolm J. Hawkesford
Silvia H. Haneklaus
Ewald Schnug Editors
Sulfur Metabolism
in Higher Plants -
Fundamental,
Environmental and
Agricultural Aspects
Proceedings of the International Plant Sulfur
Workshop
Serieseditors
LuitJ.DeKok,UniversityofGroningen,Groningen,TheNetherlands
HeinzRennenberg,Universita¨tFreiburg,Freiburg,Germany
MalcolmJ.Hawkesford,RothamstedResearch,Harpenden,UnitedKingdom
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8885
Luit J. De Kok (cid:129) Malcolm J. Hawkesford
Silvia H. Haneklaus (cid:129) Ewald Schnug
Editors
Sulfur Metabolism in Higher
Plants - Fundamental,
Environmental and
Agricultural Aspects
Editors
LuitJ.DeKok MalcolmJ.Hawkesford
LaboratoryofPlantPhysiology PlantBiologyandCropScience
GroningenInstituteforEvolutionary Department
LifeSciences RothamstedResearch
UniversityofGroningen Harpenden,Hertfordshire,UK
Groningen,TheNetherlands
EwaldSchnug
SilviaH.Haneklaus FederalResearchCentreforCultivated
FederalResearchCentreforCultivated Plants
Plants InstituteforCropandSoilScience,
InstituteforCropandSoilScience, JuliusKühn-Institut(JKI)
JuliusKühn-Institut(JKI) Braunschweig,Germany
Braunschweig,Germany
ISSN2451-9073 ISSN2451-9081 (electronic)
ProceedingsoftheInternationalPlantSulfurWorkshop
ISBN978-3-319-56525-5 ISBN978-3-319-56526-2 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-56526-2
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017943333
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017
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Heinz Rennenberg
Foreword: There Is (Almost) No Way to Escape
from Sulfur in Plant Research
This Sulfur Workshop in Plants series was initiated during a sabbatical stay in
Groningenin1988asaresultofdiscussionsbetweenInekeStulen,LuitDeKok,
andmyself.Therefore,itwaslogicalthatthefirstSulfurWorkshoponplantswas
held in Groningen in 1989. At this time, plant research on sulfur was largely
focusedonconsequencesofatmosphericpollutionwithSO forplantgrowthand
2
development, and studies on other aspects of sulfur metabolism in plants were
not well developed (e.g., Rennenberg 1982) compared to studies in mammals
(Meister and Anderson 1983). It is the merit of the highly successful first
workshop on “Sulfur Nutrition and Sulfur Assimilation in Higher Plants” (sub-
sequently abbreviated “Sulfur Workshop”) held in Groningen that the door
became wide open for studies on sulfur metabolism of plants including funda-
mental and applied aspects. In particular, it was the European plant science
community that took advantage of this situation and soon played a leading role
inthisareaofresearch.
WhenthefirstSulfurWorkshopwasheldinGroningen,Ialreadycouldlook
backtomorethanadecadeofstudiesonsulfurinplants.InmydiplomaandPhD
thesis,Ihadworkedonglutathioneproductionintobaccosuspensioncultures,a
system that subsequently became recognized as a useful tool for in-depth ana-
lyses of glutathione synthesis and degradation in plants (Bergmann and
Rennenberg 1993). At this time, it was also established that plants are not only
asinkforatmosphericsulfurcompoundsbutarealsoabletoemitvolatilesulfur
compounds into the atmosphere (Rennenberg 1991). This new view of a bidi-
rectional flux of sulfur between plants and the atmosphere initiated numerous
studies on sulfur metabolism in terrestrial and aquatic plants that included
volatileproducts.
Despitethemultitudeofvaluableresultsobtainedbystudieswithtissuecultures,
it became obvious that sulfur compounds undergo long-distance transport (Bonas
etal.1982)andthatregulationfromthecellularscale-uptotheseasonaldynamics
of sulfur in plants requires studies at the whole-plant level (Herschbach and
Rennenberg 1997; Herschbach et al. 2012). The significance of such studies was
vii
viii Foreword:ThereIs(Almost)NoWaytoEscapefromSulfurinPlantResearch
fueled by the generation of transgenic poplar plants with modified glutathione
synthesis and reduction capacity (Noctor etal. 1998). Withthese tools, sulfur in
plantsenteredtheeraofmolecularbiology.Molecularresearchonsulfurbecame
soon extended to the analyses of sulfate transporters (Smith et al. 1997;
Hawkesford et al. 2003) and the cross talk of sulfur metabolism with nitrogen
andcarbonmetabolism(KoprivaandRennenberg2004)thatconstituteimportant
areas of plant research until today. The current view on molecular studies has
changeddramaticallyfromtheinitialapproachesthatwerefocusedonanalysesof
transcriptionofasetofenzymesandtransporters:today,itisgenerallyaccepted
thatthecharacterizationofmetabolicprocessesandmetaboliccrosstalkrequires
morethanquantificationofthetranscriptomeandlargelyreliesonanintegrative
viewonmRNA,protein,andmetaboliteabundances,aswellasmetabolitefluxes
(RennenbergandHerschbach2014;Kalloniatietal.2015).
Transgenicpoplarswithmodifiedglutathionesynthesisandreductioncapacity
becameausefultooltoanalyzetheroleofsulfurmetabolisminthecompensation
ofabioticandbioticstress.Themultiplestresscompensationreactionsrelyingon
sulfur metabolism include reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, heavy
metal detoxification, and hypersensitive responses to pathogen attack (Noctor
et al. 1998; Foyer and Rennenberg 2000; Peuke and Rennenberg 2006;
Rennenberg and Herschbach 2012; He et al. 2015). Among the stress factors
studied,theconsequencesofSO exposureofplantsturnedouttobeofparticular
2
complexity, but surprisingly, this was only recognized in recent years (Ha¨nsch
etal.2007).Asaradical,SO canmediateROSformationthatrequiresreduced
2
sulfur in the form of glutathione for scavenging in the Foyer-Halliwell-Asada
cycle (Foyer and Rennenberg 2000); if involved in ROS formation in the
apoplasticspace,SO caninteractwithligninformationandrequiresscavenging
2
byperoxidaseactivityforROShomeostasis(Hamischetal.2012);asanessential
intermediate, sulfite derived from SO interacts with assimilatory sulfate reduc-
2
tion and, as a product of this pathway, also with sulfur nutrition (Rennenberg
1984;Takahashietal.2011;Herschbachetal.2012).Evensubsequenttooxida-
tive and reductive SO detoxification (Hamisch et al. 2012), the detoxification
2
products, i.e., sulfate and sulfide, will interact with signaling processes at the
cellularandwhole-plantlevel(Leitneretal.2009;Lisjaketal.2010;Garc´ıa-Mata
and Lamattina 2013; Hancock and Whiteman 2014; Calderwood and Kopriva
2014).ThiswasindicatedalreadybyearlyH Sfumigationstudieswithdifferent
2
plant species (De Kok et al. 1991; Herschbach et al. 1995a, b, 2000) but only
recentlyconnectedtotheconsequencesofSO exposure(Hamischetal.2012).In
2
the research area of sulfur-mediated signaling, the proposed role of sulfate as a
root-to-shootsignalcontrollingstomatalapertureupondrought(Malcheskaetal.
2017) provides a new notion, why excess sulfur in the form of sulfate has to be
sequestered in the vacuole but also needs to be mobilized from this pool under
particular environmental conditions, processes that were already observed in
earlystudiesonsulfurinplants(Rennenberg1984).
Overtheyears,Imadeseveralattemptstoescapefromsulfur,e.g.,byfocusing
onNandPnutrition,onradiativelyactivebiogenictracegasesintheatmospheres,
Foreword:ThereIs(Almost)NoWaytoEscapefromSulfurinPlantResearch ix
andrecentlyonplantcarnivory.Attheend,(almost)alloftheseattemptsendedup
withstudiesonsulfurinplants.Evenforplantcarnivory,sulfurmetabolismturned
outtobeofpivotalimportance.IntheVenusflytrap,aplantthatactivelycatchesits
animalpreywithsnaptraps,thepreyisdigestedinhermeticallyclosedtrapsbythe
release of an acidic, sulfur-rich enzyme cocktail from the gland-based secretory
system on the inner surface of the traps (see Fasbender et al. 2017 and literature
citedtherein).Theproductionofthesulfur-richhydrolyticenzymecocktailrequires
stimulation of thiol synthesis from assimilatory sulfate reduction during prey
digestion(Scherzeretal.2017).Thus,whateverprocessinplantsIfoundinteresting
to study (almost) always ended up to be connected to sulfur. Therefore, finally,
sulfurinplantsaccompaniedmefrommydiploma,PhD,andhabilitationthesisto
mypositionasresearchassociateattheUniversityofCologneandtheDOEPlant
Research Laboratory at Michigan State University in East Lansing, and to my
professor positions at the University of Cologne, the Technical University of
Munich, the Fraunhofer Institute of Atmospheric Environmental Research, and
theUniversityofFreiburguptomyretirementin2017.
Thebroadrangeofdifferentaspectsofsulfurmetabolismcouldonlybestudied
in more than 40 years of my research activities in collaboration with numerous
colleagues and friends, including, among many others (in alphabetical order),
Ludwig Bergmann, Christian Brunold, Luit J. De Kok, Manolis Flemetakis,
ChristineFoyer,DieterGrill,RobertHa¨nsch,RainerHedrich,RüdigerHell,Stani-
slav Kopriva, Ralf R. Mendel, Andrea Polle, Winfried Rauser, Kazuki Saito,
Andreas Weber, and Marcus Wirtz that in several cases stayed in my group for a
period of time. In addition, work on sulfur in plants in my group would not have
been possible without additional strong partners such as Cornelia Herschbach,
Jürgen Kreuzwieser, and Monika Eiblmeier who have accompanied me in my
research at the University of Freiburg until today. It is time to thank them all for
creatingsuchafruitfulandpleasantworkingatmosphere.
InstitutfürForstwissenschaften HeinzRennenberg
Universita¨tFreiburg
Freiburg,Germany
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