Suicide and Self-Harm in Prisons and Jails Suicide and Self-Harm in Prisons and Jails CHRISTINTEA RTAROA ND DAVIDL ESTER LEXINGTON BOOKS A division of ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Lanham Boulder New York Toronto Plyntouth, UK LEXINGTON BOOKS A division of Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowrnan & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200 Lanham, MD 20706 Estover Road Plymouth PL6 7PY United Kingdom Copyright O 2009 by Lexington Books All rights resented. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication lnformation Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tartaro, Christine, 1970- Suicide and self-harm in prisons and jails / Christine Tartaro and David Lester. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-7391-2464-2 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-I 0: 0-7391 -2464-1 (cloth : alk. paper) eISBN-13: 978-0-7391 -33 12-5 eISBN-I 0: 0-739 1-33 12-8 1. Prisoners-Suicidal behavior-United States. 2. Suicide-United States- Prevention. 3. Self-mutilation-United States. I. Lester, David, 1962- 11. Title. HV6545.6.T37 2009 365'.66c22 20080401 56 Printed in the United States of America e k epa per used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for lnformation Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSIINISO 239.48-1992. For My Parents and Jen Christine Tartaro Contents Acknowledgements 1 Introduction 2 Who Commits Suicide While Incarcerated? 3 When, Where, and How Suicides in Prisons and Jails Occur 4 Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempts, and Self-Mutilation 5 Screening and Assessment 6 Crisis Intervention and Counseling 7 Facility Design and Suicide Prevention 8 Diversion and Transition Planning 9 Litigation Issues 10 Suggestions for the Future Bibliography Author Index Subject Index About the Authors vii Acknowledgements This book would never have been completed without the help and encouragement of many people. Alison Syring (Lexington Books) has been a tremendous help to us as we approached the final stages of this process. Her dedication to this book and quick responses to all of our questions helped to keep us on schedule. We would also like to thank Joseph Parry (Lexington Books) for hls support. James Rogers from the University of Akron supplied valuable advice and helped to improve the manuscript, and we are grateful for his contributions. There are also a number of people in our professional and personal lives who have provided support for us while we worked. Some of our colleagues and graduate students at The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey have patiently sat and listened to us talk about the ups and downs of this process. Marissa Potchak Levy from the Criminal Justice Program has been especially helpful. Amanda Steiger, Tartaro's graduate assistant, provided valuable support with formatting the book and updating the bibliography. Paula Duntley did a tremendous job designing the cover for this book. Jennifer Tartaro and Christopher DeSantis provided excellent sounding boards throughout the project. Finally, moral support is just as important as professional assistance. Tartaro would llke to thank her parents as well as Danny, Marvin, Camille, Clyde, and Templeton.