नेपाल दैमासिक नेपाली प्रेस स्वतन्त्रता विशेषाङक Suchana Bibhag 2069 BS Nepal 196

2022·1 MB·Nepali

by  Laxmivilash Koirala

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E-mailM [email protected]
Website: www.doinepal.gov.np
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11. The Nepali weeklies prior to 1990: Newspapers in the
Struggle for Communicating Politics
Kundan Aryal !!!!!)))))$$$$$
12. Role of Democracy and Press Freedom to Control Corruption
Basudev Sharma !!!!!!!!!!$$$$$
13. Defining Alternative News Media
Lekhanath Pandey !!!!!@@@@@@@@@@
14. Press Freedom and Restraints
Prakash Acharya !!!!!@@@@@(((((
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sfod ub5{ . ;jn} fO { lhDdj] f/ tyf kl/0ffdv' L agfpF 5 . g6] js { ufn] f,]
rSnf, jfO { / sgS] 68] lsl;sdsf ] xG' 5 eg ] Upward, downward,
Horizontal, Vertical /Diagonal klg xG' 5 . cgfK} frfl/s ;~rf/ klg
;dfh / ;u+ 7gdf xG' 5g \ h;nfO { Grapevin eelgG5 . cgfk} rfl/s
;~rf/sf ] klg cfk} rfl/s ;~rf/sf ] h:t } bz] , ;dfh / ;ªu\ 7gdf
dxTj xG' 5 .
;;;;;fffffjjjjj{{hh{h{{hhlllllgggggsssss ;;;;;~~~~~rrrrrfffff///// kkkkk||00|0||00ffffffffffnnnnnLLLLL (Government communication system)
;/sf/ ;"rgfsf] pTkfbs / k|of]ustf{ b'j} xf] .;+u7gdf h:t}
;/sf/L lqmofsnfk ;fjh{ lgsLs/0f ug { klg ;~rf/sf ] el"dsf dxTjk0" f{
xG' 5 . ;u+ 7gdf lg0fo{ , kl/kq, cfbz] ,lgbz{] g, clwsf/ kT| ofofh] g h:tf
;r" gf dflyaf6 tn hfg ] ub5{ g \ eg ] l/kfl]6ª{ , /fo Pj + ;r" gf tNnf]
txsf lgsfo jf kbflwsf/Laf6 dfly hfg ] ub5{ g \ . ;/sf/sf sfdsf/afxL
rq} ÷jz} fv, @)^(÷&) g]kfn÷
5
hgtfnfO { hfgsf/L lbg ;/sf/n ] cfkmg\ } ;~rf/ k0| ffnL ljsf; u/s] f ] xG' 5 .
k|hftflGqs k|0ffnL ePsf] d'n'sdf kf/blz{tf, pQ/bfloTj,
;xeflutf, jfs\ :jtGqtf, ;"rgfsf] xs, dfgj clwsf/, :jtGq
Gofokflnsf / ;Lldt ;/sf/ h:tf u0' fx¿ xG' 5g \ . kh| ftflGqs ;/sf/
pQ/bfoL xG' 5 . pQ/bfoL ;/sf/ hlxn ] klg hgtf;Dd ku' s] f ] xG' 5 .
hgtf;Dd kU' g ;/sf/n ] ug {] / ul//xs] f ] lqmofsnfknfO { vn' f¿kdf
kj| fx ug {] sfo { ub5{ g \ . ;r" gf Kfj| fxn ] hgtfnfO { ;;' l"rt ug,{] lzIff
lbg/] ;zlQms/0f ug {] ub5{ . ;fy,} o;n ] hgtfnfO { ;/sf/sf ] dN" ofs+ g
ug { / efl]nsf lbgdf ef6] s;nfO { lbg ] eGg ] lglZrt ug;{ dt] ;Ifd
jgfpbF 5 . h;n ] cGttM kh| ftGqnfO { g } ;b' 9[ ub5{ .
g]kfn k|hftflGqs k|0ffnL ePsf] d'n's xf] . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d
;l+jwfg, @)^# n ] vn' f l;4fGQdf cfwfl/t /fHo Joj:yfnfO { :jLsf/
u/s] f ] 5 . kf/blzt{ f, pQ/bfloTj, :jtGqtf, dfgj clwsf/, ;r" gfsf]
xs, k;]| :jtGqtf, ljlwsf ] zf;g, hgtfsf ] ;xefuLtf, :jtGq / ;Ifd
Gofokflnsf tyf cfjlws lgjf{rg h:tf k|hftGqsf tTjx¿nfO{
;l+jwfgn ] :jLsf/ u/s] f ] 5 . ;l+jwfg bz] sf ] dn" sfgg' / >i] 7 gLlt
(mega policy) xf ] .;/sf/L ;r" gf kfpg ' hgtfsf ] xs xf ] . of ] ;fjh{ lgs
lqmofsnfkdf hg;xefuLtf, dfgj clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf, jfs
:jtGqtf, k;]| :jtGqtf, ;z' f;g tyf kf/blzt{ fh:tf l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t
5 . ;l+jwfgn ] cleJolQmsf ] :jtGqtf, k;]| :jtGqtf / ;r" gfsf ] xs
k|bfg u/L v'nf ;~rf/ Pj+ :jtGq k|];nfO{ k|>o lbPsf] 5 . v'nf
;~rf/nfO{ ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL P]g @)^$ / ;'zf;g;DaGwL P]g
@)^#, n ] cem ;zQm agfPsf ] 5 eg ] :jtGq k;]| nfO { kj| 4g{ u/s] f ] klg
5 .
ggggg]]kk]k]]kkfffffnnnnndddddfffff ;;;;;/////sssssfffff/////LLLLL ;;;;;""rr"r""rrgggggfffff hhhhhgggggtttttfffff;;;;;DDDDDddddd kkkkk''¥¥'¥''¥¥ooooofffffpppppggggg uuuuulllll/////PPPPPsssssfffff]] ] ]] JJJJJooooojjjjj:::::yyyyyfffff MMMMM
;/sf/L Ifq] sf ;r" gf hgtf;Dd k¥' ofpg jf ;fjh{ lgs ug { gk] fndf
sfgg' tM Pj + cEof;sf¿kdf bx] fosf Joj:yf ul/Psf ] kfOG5 M
(cid:31) k;]| :jtGqtf, ;r" gfsf ] xs;lxtsf ] ;j+ w} flgs Joj:yf Pj + ;r" gfdf
kxrF' a9fpg ] sfgg' L kf|jwfg,
(cid:31) dlGqkl/ifbn\ ufot dxTjk0" f { ;/sf/L lg0fo{ x¿ /fhkqdf ks| fzg x'g],
rq} ÷jz} fv, @)^(÷&) g]kfn÷
6