Succeeding in a Dynamic World: Supply Management in the Decade Ahead Authors > Phillip L. Carter, DBA Executive Director for CAPS Research and Professor of Supply Chain Management, Harold E. Fearon Chair in Purchasing, W. P. Carey School of Business at Arizona State University > Joseph R. Carter, DBA, C.P.M. Avnet Professor, Department of Supply Chain Management for W. P. Carey School of Business at Arizona State University > Robert M. Monczka, Ph.D., C.P.M. Director, Strategic Sourcing and Supply Chain Strategy Research for CAPS Research, and Distinguished Research and ISM Professor of Supply Chain Management for the W. P. Carey School of Business at Arizona State University > J ohn D. Blascovich 2007 Partner A.T. Kearney, Inc. A Joint Research Initiative of > Thomas H. Slaight Partner CAPS Research A.T. Kearney, Inc. Institute for Supply Management™ > William J. Markham A.T. Kearney, Inc. Fellow Emeritus A.T. Kearney, Inc. CAPSFutureStudyCover07.indd 1 9/27/07 8:09:38 AM Succeeding in a Dynamic World: Supply Management in the Decade Ahead A Joint Research Initiative of: CAPS Research Institute for Supply Management A.T. Kearney, Inc. Phillip L. Carter, DBA, Executive Director for CAPS Research and Professor of Supply Chain Management, Harold E. Fearon Chair in Purchasing, W. P. Carey School of Business at Arizona State University Joseph R. Carter, DBA, C.P.M., Avnet Professor, Department of Supply Chain Management for W. P. Carey School of Business at Arizona State University Robert M. Monczka, Ph.D., C.P.M., Director, Strategic Sourcing and Supply Chain Strategy Research for CAPS Research, and Distinguished Research and ISM Professor of Supply Chain Management for the W. P. Carey School of Business at Arizona State University John D. Blascovich Partner A.T. Kearney, Inc. Thomas H. Slaight Partner A.T. Kearney, Inc. William J. Markham Fellow Emeritus A.T. Kearney, Inc. Copyright © 2007 Institute for Supply Management™ and W.P.Carey School of Business at Arizona State University. All rights reserved. Contents may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the express permission of CAPS Research. Acknowledgements The lead researchers for this study would like to thank the supply executives of the more than 260 companies that participated in this study for their time and contributions. The research was greatly enriched by their insights and viewpoints on the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. The lead researchers would also like to publicly acknowledge and thank the following members of the extended research team for their contributions to this effort. • Nadine Schnell, MaryAlice McHale, Julie Couch, Stephanie Tsai, Jitender Uppal and Roshni Puri of A.T. Kearney, Inc. developed the web-based version of the survey questionnaire, managed the technical aspects of its use and developed many of the data extract and analysis tools used by the team. • Debbie Maciejewski of CAPS Research managed the solicitation process for the CPO focus groups, conference calls and interviews for the web survey, and administered the ongoing communications with survey respondents. • Rebecca Sweda, Tuvan Sencalis, Matt Skindzier,Michael Phillips, Arthurine Barned and Deepa Bangaruof A.T.Kearney,Inc. provided significant analytical and document preparation support throughout the research. • Inigo Aranzabal, Stephen Easton, Jules Goffre, Mui-Fong Goh, Federico Mariscotti, Jesper Schade, Hasan Shafi, Per Thompsen, Alfredo Tsutumi, Jan Fokke van den Bosch and Danny Wyatt of A.T. Kearney, Inc. organized and led CPO focus groups and coordinated web survey participation by supply executives in the European, Latin American and Asia/Pacific regions. • Paul Laudicina, managing officer and Chairman of the Board of A.T. Kearney, Inc., provided valuable guidance and support throughout this effort. • Jim Brown of A.T. Kearney, Inc., Steve Wade of CAPS Research and Steve Gozdecki, an independent writer, provided ongoing editorial guidance and communications support for the study. • Sung Kang, Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Supply Chain Management in the W. P. Carey School of Business at Arizona State University,conducted sophistical statistical analysis of the survey results, often with veryshortlead times. • Yusoon Kim, Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Supply Chain Management in the W. P. Carey School of Business at Arizona State University, conducted literature reviews and investigated the feasibility of using a wiki as a data collection tool. • Steve Koch, IS/applications analyst at CAPS Research, provided IS support for the project and pioneered the development of a wiki for use with the project. The principal researchers would also like to thank the Institute for Supply Management, and in particular its CEO Paul Novak, for ISM’s significant funding of the research project and for providing access to its membership to reporton the research results at the 2007 Annual International Supply Management Conference and in Inside Supply Management magazine. ISBN 0-945968-70-1 2 Succeeding in a Dynamic World: Supply Management in the Decade Ahead Table of Contents Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Index of Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 External Forces Will Affect All Businesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Tomorrow’s Business Models and Strategies Will Raise the Bar for Supply. . . . . 9 Supply Must Pursue Seven Key Strategies in the Coming Decade............9 Section I — About the Research.......................................12 Chapter 1 — Background and Previous Research Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ALook Back...................................................13 The Need for New Research.......................................14 Chapter 2 — Research Design and Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Research Participant Demographics .................................16 Research Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 ReportStructure................................................17 Section II — How the Environment for Supply Management Will Change ......19 Chapter 3 — Forces Driving Change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Survey Results .................................................20 Complex Interactions Between Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 What Supply Managers Foresee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Chapter 4 — Impacts on Business Models and Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Keys to Future Success. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Complex Business Models ........................................30 Other Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Chapter 5 — New and Expanded Missions, Goals and Performance Expectations for Supply Management................................32 Survey Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Delivering More Innovation From Suppliers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Contributing MoreBroadly to Revenue Generation .....................34 Anticipating and Managing Supply Risk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Expanding Cost Management Efforts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Even Broader Missions? ..........................................36 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Section III — How Supply Management Strategies Will Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Chapter 6 — Overview: Seven Key Strategies for the Coming Decade..........38 E-Survey Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Key Strategies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 CAPS Research 3 Chapter 7 — Developing Category Strategies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Achieving Leading-Edge Category Strategy Development and Implementation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Strategy Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Strategy Enablers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Chapter 8 — Developing and Managing Suppliers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Structuring the Supply Base. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Supplier Relationship Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Developing Supplier Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Chapter 9 — Designing and Operating Multiple Supply Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Modular Versus Integral Supply Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Managing Multiple Supply Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Assuring Supply Chain Agility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Chapter 10 — Leveraging Technology Enablers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 ADecade of Technology Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Supply Executive Goals for Technology Over the Next Decade . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Technology over the Next Decade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Future Benefits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Future Challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Conclusion....................................................75 Chapter 11 — Collaborating Internally and Externally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Key Success Strategies for Collaboration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Keys to External Collaboration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Keys to Internal Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Technology Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Protecting Intellectual Capital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Chapter 12 — Attracting and Retaining Supply Management Talent . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Identifying Needed Skills and Capabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Acquiring, Developing and Retaining Talent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Managing a Diverse, Dispersed Global Workforce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Chapter 13 — Managing and Enabling the Supply Management Organization . . . 91 Moving Away from the Center-Led Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Integrating Supply with Other Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Cross-Functional Teams..........................................94 Outsourcing Supply Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Measuring Supply Management Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Conclusion....................................................98 Section IV — Conclusions and Recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Chapter 14 — Research Summary and Potential Supply Challenges for the Decade Ahead...........................................101 Forces of Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Supply Mission — The Era of Great Expectations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 CategoryStrategy — The Era of Dynamic Value Acquisition Strategies .....102 Developing and Managing Suppliers — The Era of Customer-centric Supply Base Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Developing and Operating Multiple Supply Networks — The Era of Complex and Dynamic Supply Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Collaboration — The Era of Collaboration Without Boundaries. . . . . . . . . . . 103 Technology — The Era of Networked Analytics.......................103 Talent Management — The Era of Killer Talent in Supply Management. . . . . 104 Organizational Design — The Era of Empowerment and Adaptation. . . . . . . 104 4 Succeeding in a Dynamic World: Supply Management in the Decade Ahead Chapter 15 — Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Key Takeaways. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Appendix A — CEO Survey Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Appendix B — Study Participant Demographic Profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Appendix C — E-Survey Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Appendix D — Analysis Strategy and Results of Detailed Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . 131 CAPS Research 5 Index of Figures Figure 2.1: Research Framework . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Figure 7.1: Creating Additional Value by Thinking Differently about Figure 3.1: Average Ratings of External Forces’ Categories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Impact on Business. . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Figure7.2: CategoryStrategy Framework. . . . . 45 Figure 3.2: Linear Versus Exponential Growth Rates........................26 Figure7.3: CategoryStrategy Critical Element Change......................46 Figure 4.1: Future Importance of 17 Key Business Strategies .............28 Figure7.4: Rapid Growth Seen for China, India and EasternEurope as Source Figure 5.1: Supply Missions and Goals. . . . . . . 33 Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Figure6.1: Future Importance Versus Current Figure7.5: Most Companies Expect a Net Level of Implementation.........39 Decrease in Number of Suppliers by 2012 .....................48 Figure 6.2: Quadrant 1 Biggest Gap — Collaboration Remains a Figure7.6: FutureCategoryStrategy Focus ...49 Challange....................39 Figure8.1: Developing and Managing Figure 6.3: Quadrant 2 Biggest Gap — Suppliers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Information Sharing Across the Extended Supply Chain . . . . . . . . . 40 Figure 8.2: Developing and Managing Suppliers — Maturity Stages .....57 Figure 6.4: Many Supply Strategies Are Universally Seen as Very Figure 8.3: Typical Supplier Segmentation . . . . 59 Important. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Figure8.4: Driving TowardInstitutionalized Figure 6.5: North America — Emphasis on Supplier Relationships . . . . . . . . . . 59 Internal Strategic Alignment. . . . . . 41 Figure9.1: Supply Chains Will Be Segmented Figure 6.6: Europe — Emphasis on Global by Product/Customer. . . . . . . . . . . 63 Strategies, External Integration and Organization..................41 Figure9.2: Designing and Operating Multiple Supply Networks — Supply Figure 6.7: Supply Chain Focus in Management Strategy Gaps. . . . . . . 64 Manufacturing Sector, Administration and Control Focus Figure 9.3: Supplier Networks Will Be in Services Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Strategically Configured. . . . . . . . . 65 6 Succeeding in a Dynamic World: Supply Management in the Decade Ahead Figure 9.4: Complex Models Will Be Used To Figure B.4: Interviews and Forums — Industry Evaluate Supply Chain Risk, Costs, Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Performance and Design. . . . . . . . . 67 Figure B.5: E-Survey — Industry Coverage . . 114 Figure 9.5: Supply Network Flows. . . . . . . . . . 69 Figure D.1: Forces of Changes — Sorted by Figure 10.1: Technology Tool Evolution. . . . . . . 71 Mean Response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Figure 10.2: Critical Success Factors — Figure D.2: Forces of Change — Factors. . . . . 134 Technology Enablers. . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Figure D.3: Business Strategy — Sorted by Figure 10.3: Technology Tools Will Evolve Mean Response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Even Further . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Figure D.4: Business Strategy — Factors. . . . . 135 Figure 11.1: Collaboration Strategies . . . . . . . . . 76 Figure D.5: Supply Mission, Goals and Figure 12.1: Future Skills and Capabilities for Performance Expectations — Supply Management Sorted by Mean Response. . . . . . . 136 Professionals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Figure D.6: Supply Mission, Goals and Figure 12.2: Supply Strategies for Attracting Performance Expectations — and Retaining Supply Management Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Talent.......................83 Figure 12.3: Talent Acquisition, Development and Retention Strategy..........85 Figure 12.4: Supply Management Career Paths .......................87 Figure 12.5: Managing the Workforce of Tomorrow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Figure 13.1: Survey Data on Organization . . . . . 91 Figure13.2: Survey Data on Integration of Supply Management. . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Figure13.3: Organizational Enablement ......94 Figure13.4: Survey Data on Cross-Functional Teams.......................95 Figure13.5: Supply Management Metrics . . . . . 96 Figure 13.6: Balanced Scorecard for Supply Management..................97 Figure B.1: Global Coverage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 FigureB.2: E-Survey — Revenue Size ......113 Figure B.3: E-Survey — Respondents’ Global Presence....................113 CAPS Research 7 Executive Summary In 1998, CAPS Research, A.T. Kearney and the Institute External Forces Will Affect All Businesses of Supply Management published “The Future of Purchasing and Supply: A Five- and Ten-Year Forecast,” Amultitude of external forces will reshape markets, aresearch study that helped the procurement profession products and industries over the course of the next understand and preparefor the future. Although many decade. To survive, companies will have to rethink and of the predictions from that report proved to be true, revamp their business strategies in order to anticipate, therehas been significant change in the world since react to and even take advantage of these forces. 1998 — and each of these changes has consequences for how businesses and industries operate, and in turn The research indicates that supply managers are how companies manage supply. concerned about a variety of forces that will impact company and supply management strategies. Foremost As a result, CAPS Research, A.T. Kearney and the among these is the impact of China, India and other Institute of Supply Management have once again large, developing countries on the competitive explored the future direction of supply management. landscape. The impact is expected to be felt on both the The objective of the research was to find answers to demand and supply side, and will create opportunities these questions: as well as challenges. • What external forces will have the greatest effect To meet this onslaught of new competition, companies on business over the next ten years? headquartered in developed economies will need to • How will business models change as a result of increase in size, with improved economies of scale and these forces? market power on both the supply and sell sides, to • How will the mission, goals, performance survive. Thus, in order to successfully compete, many expectations and strategies for supply companies will be forced to merge and consolidate. management change to supportthese new business models? Government legislation and regulation of business will increase, requiring companies to dedicate significant More than 260 companies from North America, Europe, resources to ensurecompliance. Government actions to Latin America and Asia/Pacific participated in the 2007 support economic development, such as tax incentives research. About two-thirds of the participating and trade restrictions, will have a large impact on companies came from manufacturing industries, while supply strategies. Political instability could requirea the rest werefrom service industries. rapid change in supply strategies. This executive summary distills the main findings and Technology breakthroughs will cause major changes to recommendations of the research, while the complete how products and services are provided. These changes report that follows presents the detailed results of the may requirecapital investment, but will lower the study. customer’stotal cost of ownership. In many industries, core technologies will eventually be commoditized, forcing geographic consolidation and concentration of 8 Succeeding in a Dynamic World: Supply Management in the Decade Ahead the supply base and fundamentally affecting supply suppliers from sharing their best and brightest ideas. chain structure and relationships. Financial support, equitable sharing of risks and benefits and two-way protection of intellectual property In some industries, the downstream supply chain will rights will need to be a part of the mix. change rapidly due to economics and government policies. Within other industries, supply chain Supply management has always helped contribute to dynamics will be influenced by the poor financial revenue generation. Close attention to costs for goods condition of major trading partners in the chain. This and services leads to more competitively priced end performance will reverberate up and down the chain, products. A focus on quality and service reduces failure altering relationships and causing suppliers to seek rates, improves availability and leads to higher customer other customers and/or sources of revenue. satisfaction and loyalty. Innovations from the supply market lead to revenue increases from new products The impact of private equity firms will also be and services. significant. Many companies and suppliers have already been bought and taken private by these companies. In Already, there is widespread acknowledgement among looking to recoup their investments, the private equity supply executives of heightened top-down attention to firms tend to slash costs, raise prices and change supply risk management. Extended global supply chains business relationships with their trading partners, that include geographically distant, unproven (or even affecting supply and supply chain strategies. unknown) suppliers pose supply continuity, liability, reputational and intellectual property risks. Companies in developed economies will be held to high standards wherever they do business in the world. Supply management must more aggressively manage Supply management will be tasked with working with liability and safety risks as well. Toensurecompliance the supply base to ensure that it meets environmental with Sarbanes-Oxley legislation, supply must address standards. Customers, consumers, shareholders, non- internal controls as well as a range of possible risk- government organizations and government will all exposureareas that includes supply chain disruption, increase their scrutiny of corporate environmental outsourcing, long-term contracting, leasing and vendor- practices in all regions of the world. They will demand managed inventories. that companies take environmentally friendly actions by doing things like using less packaging material, Performance expectations will be raised considerably as reducing carbon emissions and making products that global competition forces companies to squeeze can be readily recycled. unnecessary cost out of every part of their business. For supply management, this means widening the breadth of spend areas covered, managing costs more holistically Tomorrow’s Business Models and Strategies and delivering cost savings faster. Will Raise the Bar for Supply In response to these forces, companies will shift their Supply Must Pursue Seven Key Strategies in the business models, adopt different strategies, pursue new Coming Decade revenue streams, further squeeze costs, make their asset base as lean as possible and reshape their capital Based on an analysis of the survey data and focus structures. The mission and role of supply management session and interview learnings, the research team will be changed in a variety of ways. concluded that seven main families of strategies will have the greatest impact on supply management success The need for innovation will accelerate as companies in the future. continue to aggressively pursue new geographic and demographic markets. With the demand and supply for Developing Category Strategies that are Robust innovation in a state of flux over the coming decade, and Forward Looking and limited resources within any one firm, companies Category strategies will become more robust and require must overcome the usual “not invented here” barriers engagement not only from multiple functions but also and tap into all available sources globally. across enterprises. They will become more agile due to the fact that they will have to be quickly reconfigured as Relationships between companies and their external conditions change. Strategy development opportunities innovation sources may need to be structured will be examined across categories where synergies are differently in the future. This will be especially true possible; e.g., packing and specific product designs. wherepast adversarial approaches have deterred CAPS Research 9
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