Subsurface-Water Hydrology: Proceedings of the International Conference on Hydrology and Water Resources, New Delhi, India, December 1993

274 Pages·1996·11.511 MB·English

by  M. H. G. Amin, L. D. Hall, R. J. Chorley, K. S. Richards, T. A. Carpenter, B. W. Bache (auth.), Vijay P. Singh, Bhishm Kumar (eds.)

PROCEEDINGS OF THE IN1ERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON HYDROLOGY AND WA1ER RESOURCES,
NEW DELHI, INDIA, DECEMBER 1993
VOLUME 2
SUBSURFACE-WATER HYDROLOGY
Water Science and Technology Library
VOLUME 16/2
Editor-in-Chief
v. P. Singh, Louisiana State University,
Baton Rouge, U.S.A.
Editorial Advisory Board
M. Anderson, Bristol, u.K.
L. Bengtsson, Lund, Sweden
A. G. Bobba, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
S. Chandra, New Delhi, India
M. Fiorentino, Potenza, Italy
W. H. Hager, Zurich, Switzerland
N. Hannancioglu, Ivnir, Turkey
A. R. Rao, West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.
M. M. Sherif, Giza, Egypt
Shan Xu Wang, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
D. Stephenson, Johannesburg, South Africa
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES,
NEW DELHI, INDIA, DECEMBER 1993
Volume 2
SUB SURFA CE-WA TER
HYDROLOGY
edited by
VIJAY P. SINGH
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Louisiana State Vniversity, Baton Rouge, V.S.A.
and
BHISHM KUMAR
National Institute ofH ydrology, Roorkee, India
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 978-94-010-4175-1 ISBN 978-94-011-0391-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-0391-6
Printed on acid-free paper
AlI Rights Reserved
© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1996
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1996
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
To
Mother India
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ...... . . . .. . .... . .. . .... . .. . .... . ......... . . . ..... xi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... .. . . .. . ... . . . ..... .. . . ..... . . . . . . . xiii
SECTION 1: UNSATURATED FLOW
Visualisation of Static and Dynamic Water Phenomena
in Soil Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
by M. H. G. Amin, L. D. Hall, R. J. Chorley,
K. S. Richards, T. A. Carpenter, and B. W. Bache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Hydrologic Modelling Acknowledging Spatial
Variations of Hydraulic Conductivity
by R. P. Rudra, W. T. Dickinson, and R. K.
Gupta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . .1 .7 . .
Infiltration Subject to Time-Dependent Surface
Ponding: Exact Results and Correspondence to
Solute Transport with Nonlinear Reaction
by D. A. Barry and J. Y. Parlange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .3 .3 . . . . .
Some Numerical Experiments on the Variably
Saturated Flow Equation
by C. Ray ........ .. .. . . . .. .. ............. . . . ......... . ... ... 49
Is It Correct to Assume that Movement of Water in
Unsaturated Soil Strata is Piston Flow?
by B. P. Singh and B. Kumar ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .6 5. . . . . .
A New Technique for the Calibration of Neutron
Moisture Probe
by B. Kumar, R. P. Nachiappan and R. Vatsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 . . . . .
SECTION 2: SEEPAGE AND DRAINAGE
Estimation of Canal Seepage in a Layered Porous
Media Using Boundary Element Method
by T. I. Eldho and B. Vasudeva Rao ......................... . .... . . 91
viii
SECTION 3: GROUNDWATER RECHARGE
Groundwater-Surfacewater Intermixing Model and
Recharge Conditions in Delhi Area as Derived
from 0180 and oD
by P. S. Datta and S. K. Tyagi . ... . . . .... ................... . . .. .. 103
Evaluation of Recharge to Groundwater due to Applied
Irrigation Under Different Crops in Uttar Pradesh
Using Isotope Tracer Technique - A Field Study
by P. K. Arora, S. N. Rawat, S. S. Chhabra and S. Prakash ... . ............ 119
Hydrogeological Conditions in the Terai Plain of
Rupandehi District, Lumbini Zone, Nepal with
special Emphasis on Groundwater Recharge
by G. Krishna Rao, R. Shrestha, and Y. L. Vaidya ...................... 131
SECTION 4: AQUIFER RESPONSE 151
The Energy Balance of Groundwater Flow
by R. J. Oosterbaan, J. Boonstra, and
K. V. G. K. Rao .............................................. 153
Analysis of Pump Test Data on Kasai River Bed
(West Bengal): A Case Study
by H. P. Patra, M. Bandopadhyay, G. Banerjee,
and S. N. Mukherjee ........................................... 161
SECTION 5: GROUNDWATER RESOURCE EVALUATION
Groundwater Resources Evaluation
by A. Das Gupta ... . ...... . ........ .. .......... .. ... .. . . ...... 175
The Nubian Sandstone Basin in North Africa -
A Source of Irrigation Water for Desert Oases
by M. Shahin ................................................ 193
Delineation of Groundwater Resources in Drought
Prone Area of Upper Godduvanka River Basin,
Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh Using Electrical Resistivity Method
by T. V. K. Reddy, S. S. Reddy, and N. Janardhana Raju .. .. . ...... . . ..... 211
ix
Extraction of Drained Waters from Instable Areas
for Minor Agricultural Uses
by G. Spilotro and G. Vacca . . . .... ...... . .. .... . . . . . .... . .. . ..... 223
Groundwater Hydrology of Siwana, Western
Rajasthan - A Multidisciplinary Approach
by H. Chandrasekharan, M. L. Sharma, and
Y. P. Singh . . . . ........ . . . .. . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . .... ........... 231
Significance of Palaeochannels for Hydrogeological
Studies - A Case Study from Alluvial Plains of
Punjab and Haryana States, India
by K. P. Singh .. ...... . . .. .. .. . .. . .. ... . ... . ..... ...... ... .. . 245
Integrated Use of Remote Sensing and GIS Methods for Ground Water Exploration
in Parts of Lalitpur District, U.P.
by A. K. Saraf and S. K. Jain . . .... ..... .. . . . . . . . ....... .... . . . . . . 251
Regional Ground Water Modelling Using Finite
Element Method - A Case Study
by V. Venkateshwar Rao and P. B. S. Sarma . . .. . . . .. . . . .......... . . . . 261
PREFACE
Water is vital to life, maintenance of ecological balance, economic development,
and sustenance of civilization. Planning and management of water resources and its
optimal use are a matter of urgency for most countries of the world, and even more so for
India with a huge population. Growing population and expanding economic activities exert
increasing demands on water for varied needs--domestic, industrial, agricultural, power
generation, navigation, recreation, etc. In India, agriculture is the highest user of water.
The past three decades have witnessed numerous advances as well as have
presented intriguing challenges and exciting opportunities in hydrology and water
resources. Compounding them has been the growing environmental consciousness.
Nowhere are these challenges more apparent than in India. As we approach the twenty
first century, it is entirely fitting to take stock of what has been accomplished and what
remains to be accomplished, and what accomplishments are relevant, with particular
reference to Indian conditions.
India has had a long tradition of excellence spanning over several millennia in
construction of water resources projects. She has produced civil engineers of highest
quality, some of whom rank among the best in the world. In keeping with India's tradition
of honoring distinguished engineers at their retirement, it was decided to hold an
International Conference on Hydrology and Water Resources, December 20-22, 1993, in
New Delhi, to celebrate the retirement of Professor Satish Chandra, Director of the
National Institute of Hydrology at Roorkee, who has had a long and distinguished career
spanning over three decades in hydrologic education, research, and development. Through
this forum, it was hoped to bring together from all over the world researchers,
educationists, and practitioners to New Delhi, India, to present the results of their latest
work, to share their experiences, to interact with Indian water resources professionals, and
to, hopefully, set the stage for future course of hydrology and water resources.
The objectives of this conference were therefore (I) to assess the current state of
the art of hydrology and water resources, (2) to discuss applicability of hydrologic and
water resources models, (3) to enhance interdisciplinary interaction, (4) to discuss research
needs in hydrology and water resources, and (5) to determine the directions for further
research.
We received an overwhelming response to our call for papers. The subject matter
of the conference was divided into 36 major topics encompassing virtually all facets of
hydrology and water resources. Each topic comprised an invited state-of-the-paper and
a number of contributed papers. These contributions provided a natural blend to evolve
a synthesized body of knowledge on that topic. Extended abstracts of all the invited and
contributed papers were assembled in a pre-conference proceedings volume. This helped
stimulate discussion and exchange of ideas during the conference.
The papers presented at the conference were reviewed by the Organizing
Committee. As a result, some of the papers did not pass the review and were therefore
eliminated from inclusion in the final proceedings. The papers contained in this book,
SUBSURFACE-WATER HYDROLOGY, represent one part of the conference
xi
xii
contributions. The other parts are embodied in three separate companion books,
SURFACE-WATER HYDROLOGY, WATER-QUALITY HYDROLOGY, and WATER
RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT, which are being published
simultaneously. Arrangement of the contributions in these books under four different titles
was a natural consequence of the diversity of topics presented in the papers. These books
can be treated almost independently, although some overlap may exist between them.
This book contains five sections encompassing major aspects of subsurface-water
hydrology. Each section usually starts with invited state-of-the-art papers, followed by
contributed papers. Beginning with unsaturated flow in the first section, the papers go on
to discuss seepage and drainage in Section 2, groundwater recharge in Section 3, aquifer
response in Section 4, and groundwater resource evaluation in the concluding Section 5.
The book will be of interest to researchers as well as those engaged in practice of
Civil Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Hydrology, Water Resources, Earth
Resources, Forestry, and Environmental Sciences. The graduate students as well as those
wishing to conduct research in water resources planning and management will find this
book to be of particular value.
We wish to take this opportunity to express our sincere appreciation to all the
members of the Organizing and Advisory Committees, the Louisiana State University
administration, and the Indian Association of Hydrologists. Numerous other people
contributed to the conference in one way or another, and a lack of space does not allow
us to list all of them by name here. We would, nonetheless, like to single out Mr. S. S.
Kanwar, who served as Assistant Conference Organizing Secretary, for his inordinate
assistance and effort without which the conference would not have come to fruition.
Numerous other people contributed to the conference to varying degrees. The authors,
including the invited keynote speakers, contributed to the conference technically and made
the conference what it was; and this book is largely a result of their efforts. The session
chairmen/co-chairmen administered the sessions in a positive and professional manner.
We owe our sincere gratitude to all of these individuals.
If the success of a conference is measured in terms of the quality of participants
and presentations, then most people would agree that this was a very successful
conference. A large number of internationally well-known people, who have long been
recognized for their contributions and have long been at the forefront of hydrologic and
water resources research, came to participate in the conference. More than 20 countries,
covering five continents and most of the countries of the world active in research in
hydrology and water resources, were represented. It is hoped that long and productive
personal associations and friendships will develop as a result of this conference.
V. P. Singh
Conference Chairman
B. Kumar
Organizing Secretary