Substance Use and the Acute Psychiatric Patient: Emergency Management PDF
Preview Substance Use and the Acute Psychiatric Patient: Emergency Management
Current Clinical Psychiatry Series Editor: Jerrold F. Rosenbaum Abigail L. Donovan Suzanne A. Bird Editors Substance Use and the Acute Psychiatric Patient Emergency Management Current Clinical Psychiatry Series Editor: Jerrold F. Rosenbaum Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA Current Clinical Psychiatry offers concise, practical resources for clinical psychiatrists and other practitioners interested in mental health. Covering the full range of psychiatric disorders commonly presented in the clinical setting, the Current Clinical Psychiatry series encompasses such topics as cognitive behavioral therapy, anxiety disorders, psychotherapy, ratings and assessment scales, mental health in special populations, psychiatric uses of nonpsychiatric drugs, and others. Series editor Jerrold F. Rosenbaum, MD, is Chief of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Stanley Cobb Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7634 Abigail L. Donovan • Suzanne A. Bird Editors Substance Use and the Acute Psychiatric Patient Emergency Management Editors Abigail L. Donovan Suzanne A. Bird Massachusetts General Hospital Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA Boston, MA USA USA ISSN 2626-241X ISSN 2626-2398 (electronic) Current Clinical Psychiatry ISBN 978-3-319-23960-6 ISBN 978-3-319-23961-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23961-3 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Humana imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland We would like to dedicate this book to our patients and their families: may you be treated with expertise and compassion at every encounter. Preface Through more than 50 years of combined emergency psychiatric practice, we have seen endless permutations of psychiatric and medical crisis, illness, and suffering. The common thread throughout much of this work has been the impact of substance use. There are few factors as overreaching, prevalent, and stigma-ridden as sub- stance use in the lives of our patients. The vast majority of the patients we see every day in the emergency department (ED) have illnesses and lives that have been com- plicated, in one way or another, by substance use. We have lived and worked through the cocaine epidemic, the methamphetamine epidemic, and, now, the opioid epi- demic (all while alcohol has remained the unnamed epidemic). The substance changes, but our patients’ need for our care, our understanding, and our expertise never does. Despite the prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) in EDs, when we started planning for this book, we realized that there was almost no literature on the assessment and management of SUDs in EDs. Our goal was to change that, to pro- vide the frontline practitioners, the emergency medicine physicians, ED and consult- liaison psychiatrists, social workers, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and trainees of all professions with information, guidance, and, hopefully, wisdom. We sought to provide practical, accessible, clinically relevant information for the medi- cal and psychiatric care of these complex patients. Where the literature was lacking, we relied on clinical experience. Where our own clinical experience was lacking, we relied on the expertise of colleagues, near and far. This book is the result of all of our combined efforts, to improve the emergency care of patients with substance use and comorbid disorders. Boston, MA, USA Abigail L. Donovan Suzanne A. Bird vii Acknowledgments We would like to thank every author for their contributions to this book. We appreci- ate your time, expertise, and dedication to this important project. We would also like to thank our Chair, Jerrold Rosenbaum, MD, for the opportunity to produce this book and for his commitment to the Acute Psychiatric Service. ix Contents Part I M anagement of Acute Substance Use Disorders 1 Opioid Use Disorders and Related Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Vinod Rao and E. Nalan Ward 2 Alcohol and Sedative Use Disorders and Related Emergencies . . . . . 27 Curtis Wittmann, Abigail L. Donovan, and Mladen Nisavic 3 Stimulant Use Disorders and Related Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Amanda S. Green 4 Cannabis Use Disorders and Related Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 S. Alex Sidelnik and Theodore I. Benzer 5 Management of Acute Substance Use Disorders: Hallucinogens and Associated Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Mladen Nisavic and Melisa W. Lai-Becker Part II M anagement of Substance-Induced and Co-occurring Disorders 6 Substance/Medication-Induced Mood Disorders and Co-occuring Mood and Substance Use Disorders: Evaluation and Management in Emergency Department and Psychiatric Emergency Service Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Lior Givon 7 Substance-Induced Psychosis and Co-occurring Psychotic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Hannah E. Brown, Yoshio Kaneko, and Abigail L. Donovan 8 Substance-Induced Anxiety and Co-occurring Anxiety Disorders . . . 125 Daryl Blaney Jr., Annise K. Jackson, Ozan Toy, Anna Fitzgerald, and Joanna Piechniczek-Buczek xi xii Contents 9 Patients with Co-occurring Substance Use and Personality Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Daniel P. Johnson and Karsten Kueppenbender 10 Preventing and Managing Risk of Violence and Suicide in Substance-Abusing Patients in the Emergency Department . . . . . 163 Michael Murphy and Suzanne A. Bird Part III Special Topics 11 Responding to the Medication-Seeking Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Scott G. Weiner 12 Substance Use in Children and Adolescents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Peter Jackson, Michelle Chaney, and Laura M. Prager 13 Emergency Management of Substance Use in Pregnant Patients . . . 211 Allison S. Baker and Charlotte S. Hogan Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
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