Subjects of Security: Domestic Effects of Foreign Policy in the War on Terror

268 Pages·2013·0.729 MB·English

by  Robin Cameron

New Security Challenges Series
General Editor: Stuart Croft, Professor of International Security in the Department
of Politics and International Studies at the University of Warwick, UK, and
Director of the ESRC’s New Security Challenges Programme.
The last decade demonstrated that threats to security vary greatly in their causes
and manifestations, and that they invite interest and demand responses from
the social sciences, civil society and a very broad policy community. In the
past, the avoidance of war was the primary objective, but with the end of the
Cold War the retention of military defence as the centrepiece of international
security agenda became untenable. There has been, therefore, a significant shift
in emphasis away from traditional approaches to security to a new agenda that
talks of the softer side of security, in terms of human security, economic security
and environmantal security. The topical New Security Challenges series reflects this
pressing political and research agenda.
Titles include:
Abdul Haqq Baker
EXTREMISTS IN OUR MIDST
Confronting Terror
Robin Cameron
SUBJECTS OF SECURITY
Domestic Effects of Foreign Policy in the War on Terror
Jon Coaffee, David Murakami Wood and Peter Rogers
THE EVERYDAY RESILIENCE OF THE CITY
How Cities Respond to Terrorism and Disaster
Tom Dyson and Theodore Konstadinides
EUROPEAN DEFENCE COOPERATION IN EU LAW AND IR THEORY
Tom Dyson
NEOCLASSICAL REALISM AND DEFENCE REFORM IN POST-COLD
WAR EUROPE
Håkan Edström, Janne Haaland Matlary and Magnus Petersson (editors)
NATO: THE POWER OF PARTNERSHIPS
Håkan Edström and Dennis Gyllensporre
POLITICAL ASPIRATIONS AND PERILS OF SECURITY
Unpacking the Military Strategy of the United Nations
Hakan Edström and Dennis Gyllensporre (editors)
PURSUING STRATEGY
NATO Operations from the Gulf War to Gaddafi
Christopher Farrington (editor)
GLOBAL CHANGE, CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE NORTHERN IRELAND
PEACE PROCESS
Implementing the Political Settlement
Adrian Gallagher
GENOCIDE AND ITS THREAT TO CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL ORDER
Kevin Gillan, Jenny Pickerill and Frank Webster
ANTI-WAR ACTIVISM
New Media and Protest in the Information Age
Andrew Hill
RE-IMAGINING THE WAR ON TERROR
Seeing, Waiting, Travelling
Andrew Hoskins and Ben O’Loughlin
TELEVISION AND TERROR
Conflicting Times and the Crisis of News Discourse
Paul Jackson and Peter Albrecht
RECONSTRUCTION SECURITY AFTER CONFLICT
Security Sector Reform in Sierra Leone
Bryan Mabee
THE GLOBALIZATION OF SECURITY
State Power, Security Provision and Legitimacy
Janne Haaland Matlary
EUROPEAN UNION SECURITY DYNAMICS
In the New National Interest
Michael Pugh, Neil Cooper and Mandy Turner (editors)
WHOSE PEACE? CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF
PEACEBUILDING
Brian Rappert and Chandré Gould (editors)
BIOSECURITY
Origins, Transformations and Practices
Brian Rappert
BIOTECHNOLOGY, SECURITY AND THE SEARCH FOR LIMITS
An Inquiry into Research and Methods
Brian Rappert (editor)
TECHNOLOGY AND SECURITY
Governing Threats in the New Millenium
Nathan Roger
IMAGE WARFARE IN THE WAR ON TERROR
Ali Tekin and Paul Andrew Williams
GEO-POLITICS OF THE EURO-ASIA ENERGY NEXUS
The European Union, Russia and Turkey
Lisa Watanabe
SECURING EUROPE
Mark Webber, James Sperling and Martin A. Smith
NATOs POST-COLD WAR TRAJECTORY
Decline or Regeneration
New Security Challenges Series
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Subjects of Security
Domestic Effects of Foreign Policy
in the War on Terror
Robin Cameron
Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
Robin Cameron © 2013
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Contents
Acknowledgements vi
Introduction 1
Part I Theorising Foreign Policy as Social Control
1 Sovereignty and the Modern Subject: Theory as Practice 15
2 Conceptualising Foreign Policy and Social Control 37
3 Foreign Policy as Domestic Discipline and Control 62
Part II Case Studies of Foreign Policy Regulation
4 Beyond Conspiracy? Cold War Antecedents
of Foreign Policy Regulation 97
5 Bodies, Space and Politics: The Intensification
of Spatial Control After 9/11 135
6 Populations, Health and Trauma: The Mass
Psychological Effects Stemming From 9/11 176
Conclusion 216
References 230
Index 250
v
Acknowledgements
This book is the culmination of many moments of intellectual
collaboration and solidarity that have both inspired and spurred me
along when it comes time to return to the solitary task of writing. I want
to acknowledge all those who have joined me along the way in these
shared experiences.
First, I’d like to thank Katrina Lee Koo for assisting this project in its
foundational stages. Also from my time at ANU I’d like to thank Kim
Huynh, Jeremy Moses, Greg Fry, Anthony Burke, Alastair Greig, John
Minns and Jim George who have offered me valuable advice and inspira-
tion that I continue to benefit from today. A number of other universities
have welcomed me during my time writing this book. The collegial atmo-
sphere of the University of Queensland in particular provided me with
my most productive months and still feels like a second home. Roland
Bleiker, Martin Weber, Matt McDonald, Sebastian Kaempf, Heloise Weber,
Mark Chou, Luke Glanville, Shannon Brincat, Samid Suliman, Caitlin
Sparkes, Dave Eden, Charles Hunt, Sarah Teitt, Sofia Walker and Tacita
Powell always make me feel welcome in the sunny city.
Melbourne’s many universities have offered me the opportunities to
establish myself as an academic. Primarily, Jeff Lewis, John Handmer
and Paul James have not only given me a once- in- a-l ifetime opportu-
nity at RMIT, but shown me how to balance the competing pressures of
academia. My time at RMIT has been buoyed up by the company of Anne
McNevin, Andy Scerri, Elizabeth Kath, Selver Sahin, Shanti Robertson,
Victoria Stead, Tommaso Durante, Tim Strom, Blythe McLennan, Josh
Whittaker, Briony Towers, Damian Grenfell, Manfred Steger and Heikki
Patomaki. At LaTrobe University, Dan Bray and Joseph Camilleri have
given me valuable advice and friendship. Steven Slaughter at Deakin
University and Mark Brown at the University of Melbourne both gave
me the opportunity to establish myself as a lecturer while I drafted the
final parts of this manuscript. I have also valued the opportunity to
work with Chris Hobson and Paul Bacon in Tokyo. Special thanks must
go to Richard Jackson: his encouragement and advice were instrumental
in making sure this manuscript became a book.
A number of intellectual fellow travellers deserve special credit for
their challenging and inspiring thoughts – especially Luke Hennessy,
Tim Aistrope, Nick Taylor and, individually and collectively, Peter
vi
Acknowledgements vii
Chambers, Toby Mendelson, Peter Barden, Ohad Kozminsky, and
Timoth de Atholia of the Territory, Authority, Population (TAP) reading
group at Melbourne University.
I’ve been lucky to enjoy the encouragement of family and friends
all along. My mother Valerie, my father Bruce, my sister Lily and my
brothers Tom and Mike fill me with equal parts pride and inspiration.
I’m also lucky to be able to count Markus, Cath and Byron as family
members. Finally, thanks to my friends with whom I’ve shared houses,
travels, dinners, music, drinks and laughter. May it continue.
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Introduction
On December 11, 2005 an outburst of violence and a breakdown in
public order descended upon the southern Sydney beachside suburb of
Cronulla. The Australian public watched, surprised and aghast, as the
latent tensions within Sydney’s communities flared into an outright
conflict that became known as the Cronulla riots. Two groups who
identified respectively as patriotic white Australians from the southern
suburbs and ethnic Lebanese Australians from the western suburbs
targeted one another, and in so doing drew in unwilling bystanders who
bore a passing physical resemblance to either group. The immediate
trigger for this violence was the assault of two lifeguards by a group of
men of ‘middle Eastern appearance’, following many months of sexu-
ally demeaning slurs directed against young white women at beaches
by groups of youths of ‘middle Eastern appearance’. As a result, a mass
demonstration of up to 5,000 people – mostly white males – gathered,
brandishing Australian flags and beer bottles while chanting nation-
alist and racist slogans. The crowd violently assaulted a number of
individuals, who in many cases were not even necessarily of ‘middle
Eastern appearance’. They were, however, identifiably ‘non-white’. In
retaliation, convoys of cars from the western suburbs sought to enter
Cronulla, forcing the police to set up road-b locks and checkpoints,
effectively locking down many southern suburbs of Sydney.
This event gave me the kernel of an idea that would ultimately find its
form in this book. The research conducted to that point had attempted
to think through the implications of the scholarship by figures such as
Walker (1993), George (1994), Ashley (1988, 1989), Campbell (1992) and
Burke (2001). What was the state of subjectivity, in light of the discur-
sive turn that had blurred the theoretical and geographical boundaries
underlining the coherence of traditional international relations (IR)
1