Subjects of Affection Rethinking the Early Modern Series Editors Marcus Keller Ellen McClure Feisal Mohamed Subjects of Affection Rights of Resistance on the Early Modern French Stage Anna Rosensweig northwestern university press evanston, illinois Northwestern University Press www.nupress.northwestern.edu Copyright © 2022 by Northwestern University. Published 2022 by Northwestern University Press. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978- 0- 8101- 4446- 0 (cloth) ISBN 978- 0- 8101- 4445- 3 (paper) ISBN 978- 0- 8101- 4447- 7 (e- book) Cataloging-in-Publication data are available from the Library of Congress. Contents Acknowledgments vii Note on Translations xi Introduction The Right of Resistance 3 Chapter One Affective Evidence 21 Chapter Two The Mourner 55 Chapter Three The Rebel 91 Chapter Four The Hero 123 Chapter Five The Savior 159 Conclusion The Subject of Rights 185 Notes 191 Bibliography 217 Index 227 Acknowledgments A central argument of this book is that what often seems to be an individ- ual endeavor is, in fact, collective. This book simply would not exist were it not for the contributions of others. My first thanks go to Juliette Cher- buliez, whose graduate seminar on early modern tragedy at the University of Minnesota introduced me to the period and the genre. The seminar paper I wrote for that class contained the initial idea for what eventually became my dissertation and has now become this book. Conversations with Juliette have shaped my thinking in countless ways. I am so grateful for her advice and friendship, her intellectual rigor and generosity, and her provocations to write— and rewrite. I am grateful to the members of my dissertation committee at the University of Minnesota: Daniel Brewer, Mária Brewer, Nancy Luxon, J. B. Shank, and Margaret Werry. Individually and collectively, they have offered much guidance and support. Work on my dissertation was greatly facilitated by a doctoral dissertation fellowship from the University of Minnesota and a Charlotte W. Newcombe Fellowship from the Woodrow Wilson Foundation. During my graduate studies, I had the good fortune to attend Bonnie Honig’s seminar, “Antigone in Contexts: Humanism and the Challenges of Democratic Theory,” at the Cornell School of Criticism and Theory, which helped me begin to articulate the interdisciplinary stakes of my project. I am grateful to Bonnie for her work and her example, as well as for fostering such a lively community. I am also grateful to colleagues from that seminar, especially Glenn Mackin and Stephanie Youngblood, for all their insight and good cheer. I conducted much of the research for chapter 1 of this book as a Provost’s Postdoctoral Scholar at the University of Southern California (USC). Natania Meeker and Antónia Szabari welcomed me to the Depart- ment of French and Italian at USC, helped me navigate Los Angeles, read drafts of my work, and shared ideas over innumerable cups of coffee. I am honored to have been their colleague. I am also thankful to have been part of a writing group with Carrie Hyde and Anna Krakus, which began during those years in Los Angeles. And I thank Jessica Rosenberg and Matthew Goldmark for being excellent travel companions and for their general camaraderie. vii viii Acknowledgments At the University of Rochester, I thank the faculty, staff, and students in the Department of Modern Languages and Cultures, the Graduate Program in Visual and Cultural Studies, and the Susan B. Anthony Insti- tute for Gender, Sexuality, and Women’s Studies for all their support and encouragement. Special thanks to Hsin-Y un Cheng, Carrie Heusinkveld, June Hwang, Ryan Prendergast, and Chenchen Yan, who read drafts of chapters and patiently talked through ideas. A semester- long fellowship at the University of Rochester’s Humanities Center provided space and time to think and write. I thank Joanie Rubin for championing these fellowships for junior faculty at Rochester. I am also thankful to Joanie for facilitating a manuscript workshop that allowed me to get timely and concentrated feedback from senior scholars in my field. Katherine Ibbett, Ellen McClure, and Phillip John Usher made time in their very full schedules to read my manuscript, travel to Rochester, and spend two days offering their insight and advice. I thank them for being so generous with their time and ideas, and for their many other acts of collegiality and kindness. One of the best parts of studying early modern France is the vibrant intellectual community at SE17, the North American Society for Seventeenth- Century French Literature (NASSCFL), and beyond. I am especially grateful to Faith Beasley, Hélène Bilis, Elizabeth Black, Jean- Vincent Blanchard, Hall Bjørnstad, Alison Calhoun, Andrea Frisch, Claire Goldstein, Sylvaine Guyot, Larry Kritzman, Michael Meere, Jennifer Row, Christophe Schuwey, Jennifer Tamas, Anne Theobald, Ellen Welch, Toby Wikström, and Kathleen Wine for being such wonderful friends, mentors, and collaborators. Special thanks to Kathrina LaPorta and Ashley Wil- liard for reading chapters and providing feedback at crucial moments. Joy Palacios has read countless pages of my writing over the past few years. I am so grateful for her keen observations throughout our writing exchanges, as well as for her friendship. Kelly Condit- Shrestha, writing partner par excellence since graduate school, has witnessed much of this long journey. Josh Boydston and Danielle Genevro helped immensely with copy- editing and formatting and Lia Swoope Mitchell provided invaluable assistance with translations. I thank them for the great care they put into their work. Many thanks to Ellen McClure, Elissa Park, Trevor Perri, Maia Rigas, Patrick Samuel, Anne Strother, and everyone at Northwestern Univer- sity Press. I am also grateful to the two anonymous reviewers whose thoughtful reading of the manuscript helped me to strengthen its argu- ments. I thank Renaissance Drama for permission to reprint in revised Acknowledgments ix form sections of chapter 4, which initially appeared in my article “Closed Heart, Open Secret: Exposing Private Liberty in Pierre Corneille’s Last Tragedy,” Renaissance Drama 46, no. 2 (2018): 231–5 2. Copyright © 2018 by Northwestern University. All rights reserved. Friends and family have helped this book become a thing in the world. I thank my parents and siblings for all of their love and support. Hélène Brown and Randi Browning have been exemplary teachers and confidantes. I cannot thank them enough. My Minneapolis people, Greta Bliss, Laura Burch, Rachel Gibson, Rebecca Halat, Anaïs Nony, Mira Reinberg, Adair Rounthwaite, and Tracy Rutler. In many ways my heart belongs to our time together in that city. Joel Burges, Lisa Cerami, Josh Dubler, Kristin Doughty, Rachel Haidu, and Kate Mariner are the best friends and colleagues a person could wish for. I thank them for everything. Athene Goldstein welcomed me to Rochester and helped make it home. My therapists, Carol and Sheila, helped me work through periods when writing felt impossible. And finally, I thank John Komdat, whose daily acts of love have sus- tained this project, and Sadie, whose imminent arrival helped me finish it up. This book is dedicated to them.