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Study Skills PDF

259 Pages·1989·17.288 MB·English
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Macmillan Professional Masters Study Skills MACMILLAN LAW MASTERS Law Series Editor: Marise Cremona Basic English Law, 2nd edition W. T. Major Business Law Stephen Judge Company Law, 2nd edition Janet Dine Constitutional and Administrative Law, 2nd edition John Alder Contract Law, 2nd edition Ewan McKendrick Conveyancing, 2nd edition Priscilla Sarton Criminal Law Marise Cremona Employment Law Deborah J. Lockton European Community Law Josephine Shaw Family Law Kate Standley Land Law, 2nd edition Kate Green Landlord and Tenant Law, 2nd edition Margaret Wilkie and Godfrey Cole Law ofTrusts Patrick McLoughlin and Catherine RendelI Legal Method Ian McLeod Torts Alastair Mullis and Ken Oliphant MACMILLAN BUSINESS MASTERS Company Accounts Roger Oldcom Cost and Management Accounting Roger Hussey Employee Relations Chris Brewster Financial Management Geoffrey Knott Management (third edition) Roger Oldcom Marketing Robert G. 1. Maxwell Operations Management Howard Bamett Personnel Management (second edition) Margaret Attwood and Stuart Dimmock Systems Analysis John Bingham and Garth Davies Study Skills Kate Williams ~ MACMILLAN © Kate Williams 1989 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WIP9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1989 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-0-333-48778-5 ISBN 978-1-349-19936-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-19936-5 109876 00 99 98 97 96 v Contents Foreword vii Acknowledgements viii Introduction x Part I Finding Out 1 Reading 3 1.1 How to tackle reading 4 1.2 Reading techniques 5 1.3 How writing is structured 7 1.4 How writing is linked 12 1.5 Key words 18 1.6 How we read 25 2 Mate Notes Make Sense 27 2.1 Why make notes? 28 2.2 Guidelines for note taking 30 2.3 How to make branching notes 33 2.4 Practical points for linear notes 41 2.5 Taking notes from lectures 42 2.6 What to do with notes 47 3 Library Research 50 3.1 Periodicals 52 3.2 Reference books and materials 53 3.3 The dictionary 53 3.4 The lending Iibrary: how books are organised 54 3.5 How to find a book 57 3.6 Surveying a book 60 3.7 Keeping records 61 4 Fact and Interpretation 64 4.1 Case Study 1: Pursuing an inquiry 64 4.2 Case Study 2: But is it true? 80 5 Life Goes on 91 5.1 Problems with studying 91 5.2 Son1e suggestions 92 5.3 Dos and don'ts 96 vi Part 11 WRITING 6 Putting Pen to Paper 101 6.1 Paragraphs 103 6.2 Instructions 108 6.3 Articles 110 6.4 Letters 114 6.5 Reports 117 7 Essay Writing: Analysing the question and planning the answer 121 7.1 What is the question asking? 123 7.2 How to analyse the question 124 7.3 Types of questionlStyles of answer 129 7.4 Judgement essays 131 7.5 Factual essays 136 8 Writing the Essay 142 8.1 Paragraphs: structure 142 8.2 Paragraphs: relevance 145 8.3 Writing introductions 153 9 Remembering 159 9.1 Case Study: Make up your mi nd 159 9.2 Memorising 164 10 Being Assessed 169 10.1 The assessment process 169 10.2 The revision period 171 10.3 Exams 173 Part III 11 Reference Section 181 11.1 How to get the most from your dictionary 181 11.2 How to check alphabeticalorder 183 11.3 How to punctuate 184 11.4 How to check your work 189 11.5 How to interpret instructions in essays 192 11.6 How to make up exam questions 198 11. 7 How to set out letters 200 11.8 How to draw up a questionnaire 202 11.9 How to carry out a survey 203 11.10 How to draft areport 205 11.11 How to fix an average 207 12 Answers Section 209 Index 241 vii Foreword This book is the outcome of my realization that most students have sufficient knowledge to do weIl in their exams. When results are disappointing, it is because people have not made full use of that knowledge. There is a knack, or skill, to success in exams and the studies leading up to them; I have been teaching these 'study skills' for some years, and many students have contributed to my understanding of what makes study successful and enjoyable. To them, and especially to those who have allowed their work, often in an unvarnished form, to be included in this book, many thanks. Time and space are the other essential requirements for study and work at horne, and for this I owe thanks to Nick, who kept first two, then three children at bay while I worked. viii Acknowledgements The author and publishers wish to thank the following who have kindly given permission for the use of copyright material. The Associated Examining Board, The Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators, University of London School Examinations Board and the University of Oxford Delegacy of Local Examinations for questions from past examination papers Tony Buzan for Fig. 22 from Use Your Head, BBC Publications, 1982 Causeway Press for extracts from Sociology: A New Approach by M. Haralambos, 1986, 2nd edition Child Poverty Action Group for an extract from National Welfare Benefits Handbook,1987 Conservative Central Office for extracts from the speech by Norman Fowler, Secretary of State for Social Services, to the Conservative Party Conference, October 1986 Daily Mail for an extract from their 3.6.87 issue Daily Mirror for an extract from their 8.6.87 issue Equal Opportunities Commission for material from Wornen and Men in Britain Richard Freeman for an extract from Mastering Study Skills, Macmillan, 1982 The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office for material from Social Trends 17, 1987 and Social Trends 18, 1988 Longman Group Ltd. for an extract from The Making of the Welfare State by R. J. Cootes, 1966, pp. 28-33 ix Macmillan Publishers Ltd. for extracts from The Business of Communi cating by Nicki Stanton, Pan Breakthrough, 1986; Employee Relations by Chris Brewster; and Personnel Management by M. Attwood, Professional Masters, 1989 Methuen Childrens Books for an extract from 'An Old Sailor' by A. A. Milne National Examinations Board for Supervisory Studies for an extract from the syllabus for the Diploma in Supervisory Management New Society for material from New Society, 23.1.87 Tbe Observer for 'Great Bed Robbery' by Annabel Ferriman, The Observer, 1.2.87 Open University Educational Enterprises Ltd. for extracts from Teach ing Students to Learn by G. Gibbs, Open University Press, 1981 Royal Society of Arts for an extract from R. S. A. syllabus 'Background to Business' Sussex Publications Ltd. for an extract from a discussion tape Poverty and Welfare, Sussex Tapes Every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangement at the first opportunity.

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