Studies on Victorian Bryophytes 5. Key to Leafy Liverworts

2006·2.1 MB·English

by  David Meagher

Bryophytespecial issue
Studies on Victorian bryophytes 5.
Key to leafy liverworts
David Meagher
SchoolofBotany,TheUniversityofMelbourne,Victoria3010
Abstract
A new keytothegeneraand manyspeciesofleafy liverworts in Victoria is provided. {The Victorian
Naturalist123(4),2006,236-247)
Introduction
In the mid 1970s George Scott produced In using this key, keep in mind that our
the first key to Victorian liverworts, mainly knowledge of the Victorian bryophyte
for botany students at Monash University flora is still very incomplete, and species
(Scott 1975). He laterexpanded thiskey for and genera presently known only from
his magnum opus on southern Australian Tasmania. New Zealand or other parts of
liverworts (Scott 1985), providing botanists the world might still be found here. The
for the first time with an authoritative key key is also valid for South Australia and
foridentifyingourhepatic flora. southern Western Australia and for most
In the time since that publication, many genera encountered in Tasmania and New
additions, deletions and renamings of South Wales.
species have occurred. This new key is Of the taxa in this key, only
based on Dr Scott's original keys, but Andrewsianthus cuspidalus and Triandro-
includes new genera and new names for phyllum subtrifidum are not described or
existinggenera. Allowance is also made for illustrated in Scott (1985) or Meagher and
common errors, especially with characters Fuhrer (2003). Both are well illustrated in
that may be variable or difficult to distin- Schuster(2002).
guish. Thalloseliverwortswith a leafyform Names oftaxafollow the current national
are included inthekey forcompleteness. checklist(McCarthy 2006).
Although this is mainly a key to genera, A basic glossary of terms used in this
many couplets lead to a single species, and key, and in the key to thallose liverworts
Group B is keyed to species throughout. and hornworts (Studies 6) that follows, is
Full keys to species in various genera will included at the end of this paper. For a
be published progressively in later papers complete and beautifully illustrated glos-
in this Studies series. In the meantime, the sary ofbryologicalterms, see Malcolm and
treatments of genera in Scott (1985) are Malcolm (2000).
still morethan adequate.
Key to groups
1 Leaves complicate-bilobed; folded, keeled, orwith an inflated ventral sac .. Group A
Leaves notcomplicate-bilobed 2
2 Leaves densely hairy orciliatc, theleaflamina hardtodistinguish Group B
Leaves ciliateornot,but lamina alwayseasily distinguished 3
Group C
3 Underleaves absentornotvisible
Underleaves present 4
4 Leaves inserted incubously on stem; i.e, whenviewed from the dorsal
side,each leafoverlaps oneclosertothe shootapex (orwould do so
Group
iftheywere closeenough) I)
Leaves insertedsuccubously. i.e.whenviewedfromthe
dorsal side, each leafoverlapsonefartherfromthe shoot apex
(orwould doso iftheywerecloseenough);or inserted transversely 5
Group L
5 Leaves without lobes ormarginal teeth
Leaveswith2 ormore lobes, orwith marginal teeth Group F
236 The Victorian Naturalist
1
Bryophytespecialissue
GroupA
Leafy liverworts with complicate-bilobed leaves
1 Leaveswith a keel running longitudinallyalongthe leaf; lobulesabsent 2
Leaves notkeeled; lobulespresent 3
2 Underleaves present Schistochila lehmanniana
Underleavesabsent Paraschistochilatuloides
3 Lobule dorsal 4
Lobuleventral 6
4 Plantsthick, fleshy, brittle, brightgreen Treubiatusmanica
Plantsdelicate, notatall fleshy, dull green toyellow, often tingedchestnut 5
5 Underleaves present Balantiopsis
Underleaves absent Diplophyllum
6 Underleaves (aswell as leaves) with saccate lobules Heteroscyphuscymbaliferus
Underleaves withoutsaccate lobules 7
7 Lobulescomplex, formingan inflatedclaw orsac, verynarrowly
connectedtothe stem 8
, ,
Lobules simple, consistingofthe inrolled orfoldedventral margin
ofthe leaf, inflated ornot, usuallywidely connected to stem 9
8 Morethan lobuleperleaf Gackstroemiaweindorferi
1
Only 1 lobule per leaf Frullania
9 Underleaves absent 10
Underleavespresent
1
10 Rhizoidsabsentorarising from lobules; habitatsvarious,
rarely ifeverepiphyllous Radula
Rhizoids in bundles on stem intheposition ofmissingunderleaves;
mainly epiphyllous plantson leaves in rainforest Cololejeunea
11 Underleaves entire Acrolejeuneasecurifolia
Underleaves lobedorshallowly notched atapex 12
12 Lobulean inflatedsac, appearingtobe unattachedto leaf 13
Lobule formedbyasimplerollingorfoldingoftheventral leafmargin 14
13 Leaves with long, ciliate marginal teeth, at least in partA ... Gackstroemia weindorferi
Leaves entire Frullania
14 One underleafforeach lateral leaf 15
One underleafforeach pairoflateral leaves 16
15 Cells with high papillae Colura
Cells mamillose, never papillose Diplasiolejeunea plicatiloba
16 Leavesvery narrow atbase, attachedtostem by 1 or2 cells 17
Leaveswidely attached tostem, by several cells 18
17 Leafapex rounded; lobulewith 3-4teeth Siphonolejeiineanudipes
Leafapex pointed; lobule with 1 tooth Nephelolejeuneahamata
18 Oil bodies 1 or2 percell, each resemblingaclusterofgrapes;
apical tooth oflobule± atrightanglestostem; hyaline papilla
on innersideofapicaltooth oflobule Cheilolejeuneamimosa
Oil bodies several percell, notgrape-clustertype; apical toothoflobule
±parallel to stem; hyaline papilla on outersideofapical tooth oflobule 19
19 Leafbasewith 1 or2 enlargedcells, each almostfilledbyan
oil body Harpalcjeunea latitans
Leafbasewithoutsuch cells Lejeunea
Vol. 123 (4) 2006 237
Btyophytespecialissue
Group B
Leafy liverwortswith densely hairy orspiny leaves
1 Lobulespresent, eitherdorsally orventrally
Lobules absent
Small, helmet-shaped ventral lobules present .. Gackstroemia weindorfei
Ventral lobules notpresent 3
Lobule formedbykeelingofleaf Schistochilalehnuinniana
,
Lobuleformedby foldingofleafmargin .... Balantiopsisdiplophylla
Leaves with long, single-celled spinesbent± parallel to
stem, pointingto the stem apex Psilocladaelandestina
Leaves not as above(ifspines pointingto theapex, then notsingle-celled) 5
Leaves almostwholly divided into lobesandhairs, sothat
leaflamina isnot evident; stemswith paraphyllia 6
Leaflamina evident, although bordered by hairsorspines;paraphylliaabsent 7
Ciliaofleavesdistinctlypapillose; in dry sclerophyll forest Trichocolearigida
Ciliaofleavesnotpapillose; in wetforestorrainforest Trichocoleamollissima
Hairs 1-celled, bristle-like; plant ofdryheathlandor
woodland .... Chaetophyllopsis whiteleggei
Hairs many-eelled; plantsofdry towet sclerophyll forestorrainforest 8
Shootsbipinnate,atleast inwidest part
ofplant; leafhairs 1 cell wide atbase Telaraneapulcherrimavar.mooreana
Shoots simpleor 1-pinnate; leafhairsseveral to manycellswide atbase 9
Shoots long, fawntoyellow,epiphytic in w'et forestor
othercool, moisthabitats; leavesbifid,each lobealso
bifid, thetipsextended into hyalinehairs Lepicoleascolopendra
Shoots and leavesnotasabove 10
10 Shoots distinctlygolden brown, terrestrial onclayeysoil .... Temnomatownrowii
Shootsyellow-brown to yellow-green,epiphytic
on trees and rottingw'ood* Lepidoziu ulothrix
Most specimens keying to here will be Lepidozia ultothrix but another species
,
resesmbling L. hirta ofNew Zealand is present in Victoria. L. ulothrix often has the
lobesfurtherdivided; the otherspeciesdoesnot.
238 The Victorian Naturalist
1
Bryophytespecialissue
Group C
Leafy liverwortswithout underleaves,or underleaves not apparent
1 Leaveswith a ventral lobule 2
Leaves withouta ventral lobule 3
2 Rhizoids absentorarisingfrom lobules; habitats various,
rarely epiphyllous Radula
Rhizoids in bundles on stem intheposition ofmissingunderleaves;
often epiphyllous Cololejeunea
3 Although appearing leafy and lettuce-like, plantthallose,
without aclearlydefined stem 4
Plantstruly leafy, leavesarising from a clearlydefinednarrow
stem (stemmaybeobscuredby leaves) 5
4 Rhizoids hyalineorbrown, nevercrimson;thallusawide rosette
mm
up to20 in diameter, the loberuffledand lamellate on
dorsal surface; mature capsuleenclosed in a bulbouscentral
involucre Petalophyllumpreissii
Rhizoids usually crimson; thallusnot lamellate; mature capsule
raised on translucent stalk Fossombronia/Austrofossombronia
5 Leaveswithlobes,teeth or spine-likehairs 6
Leavesrounded, entire orcrenulate, ortapering toa single sharp point 22
6 Margins ofleaves with 2 ormore slenderspine-like hairs 7
Margins ofleaves without teeth, orteeth broad atbase, not spine-like 9
7 Plantsterrestrial, clearlyanchored tothe soil byrhizoids along
the length ofthe stem Goebelobryum unguicu/atum
Plantsterrestrial ornot. butifsothenwithoutrhizoids,
or rhizoids confined to stem base 8
8 Marginsofleaveswith 2 widelyspaced±parallel spines,
swept backwards Adelanthus bisetulus
Margins ofleaves with manyshortteeth Plagiochila
9 Plants denselypapillose overstems and leaves 10
14
Plantspapilloseornot, but papillaenoton stems 1
10 St2e-m3s mhamirywwiidtehshort, stiff, papillosebristles; shoots Marsupidium setulosum
Stemspapillosebut lacking bristles; shoots mostly less
mm
than 1 wide * ... Acrobolbuscinerascens
1 1 Plantsminute, thread-like, prostrate orerect, almost invisible
tothe naked eye; leaves bilobed, sometimesalsotoothed
(seee couplet4 Group F) Cephaloziella
Plants small to large, shootseasily visibletothenaked eye;
leavesvariously lobed ortoothed 12
*
12 Oil bodies conspicuous, darkbrown in transmitted light 13
Oil bodiesoften inconspicuous, notdark brown (usually transparent) 14
13 Outercells ofstem similartoinnercells; marsupium at
base ofstem Marsupidiumsurculosurn
Outercells ofstem small and thick-walled, forminga
distinct 2-3-layered cortex; marsupium at the shoottip Tylimanthus
Leaves with morethan2 lobes orteeth 15
Leaves bilobed orwith 2 large apical teeth, otherwisewith entire margins 17
Vol. 123 (4) 2006 239
Bryophytespecialissue
GroupC cont'd
Leafy liverwortswithout underleaves,orunderleaves notapparent
15 Stemsgreen orbrownv Plagiochila
Stems black 16
16 Shoottipsoften curvedoverlikeawalkingstick: leavesopposite,
finelytoothed±all round margin; leafcells
without trigones Calyptrocoleafalcata
Shootstipserect; leavesalternatingalongstem, coarselytoothed
orlobed alongapical margin; leafcellswithvery large
trigones .. Acrochila biserialis
17 Leavestightlyandevenlypressed against stem 18
Leavesspreading from stem, at least inonedirection 19
18 Plantsgreyish; leavesobvious, overlapping; stem hidden by leaves;
on soil Gymnomitrion incompletum
Plants verydarkgreen toblack, appearing leafless
butwith minutewidelyspaced leaves; stemclearlyvisible;
on rocks in flowingwater Cephalomitrionaterrimum
19 Leaves bifid tohalfway; plantaquatic orsemi-aquatic Allisoniella nigra
Leaves bifidbut nevertohalfway; plantnotaquatic orsemi-aquatic 20
20 Leaveswrappedaroundstem; epiphytic in wet forestor
rainforest Anastrophyllumschismoides
Leaves spreadingwidely from the stem; not epiphytic 21
21 Leaves longerthan wide,± oblong; on soil
at low elevations* Andrewsianthus cuspidatus
Leaveswiderthan long,±oval, on rockathigherelevations .. Marsupelhisparsifolia
22 Shoots prostrate, with manyrhizoidsalongmuch ofthestem 23
Shootserectorascending,attachedtothesubstrateonlyat thebase 31
23 Leaveswith papillose cuticle,at leastin lowerhalfofleaf 24
Leavessmooth orstriolate, neverpapillose 26
24 Epiphyticin w>et forestorrainforest, oronrocks in subalpine
toalpineareas; capsuledeveloping in perianth Jamiesoniellacolorata
On soil in drierhabitats(rarelyaquatic); not inalpineareas;
capsulein a buried marsupium 25
25 Plantsyellowish todeepgreen, sometimestinted chestnut;
oil bodies large, brownish,few percell; leafcuticlepapillose
only towardsapex Lethocoleapansa
Plants silvery whitetowhitish green, nottintedchestnut;
oilbodies small,colourless,upto 14percell; leafcuticle
usually papilloseall over , Gongylanthusscariosus
26 Leaves±opaque, cells almost filed by brownish oil bodies ...Acrobolbusconcinnus
Leaves translucent, oil bodiespale(brownish only in Lethocoleapuma) 27
27 Plantsminute: leafand stemcellsall similar, bulging; leaves fcw-celled Zoopsis
Plantssmall to large, leafandstemcellsnotbulging, leafcells
distinctly different from stem cells; leavesmany-celled 28
28 Leavestongue-shaped, ending in an acutepoint Cuspidatulamonodon
Leaveswith widelyrounded apex, not atall pointed 29
29 Leafinsertion succubous, orientation± longitudinal; leaves± flat;
epiphytic in rainforestorsubalpinewoodland" Pedinophyllummonoicum
Leafinsertion ± transverse; leaves flat to concave; terrestrial oraquatic 30
240 The Victorian Naturalist
Bryophytespecialissue
Group C cont'd
Leafy liverworts without underleaves,or underleaves not apparent
30 Outercellsofstem enlargedandtranslucent, formingadistinct
hyaloderm; leaves2-3 cellsthickin middle nearthe base; stolon-like
stems present; plantsofsubalpine andalpineareas .. Hygrolembidiumacrocladum
Outercellsofstem notdifferentiated asahyaloderm;
leaves 1 cell thick throughout; stolon-likestemsnot present;
plants in various habitats Solenostoma Jungermannia
( )
31 Leavestightlyand evenly appressed tostem 32
Leaves spreadingfrom stem, atleast in onedirection 33
32 Cellsofleafmargin thick-walled, with peg-likeprojections;
leaves densely papillose, especially in basal half Nothogymnomitrion erosum
Cells ofleafmarginthin-walled; leaves smoothorfinely
striate, not papillose Herzogobryum teres
33 Erectbranchesarising fromcreepingstolon-like stems;
plants small, leavesdeeplyconcave; in subalpineor
alpine areas Hygrolembidium acrocladum
Stolon-likestems not present; leaves concave ornot,
but neverdeeply; habitats various 34
34 Stems mostlyerect and unbranched, forming low denseturfon soil;
capsule formed in tubularperianth, or in a marsupium 35
Stems usually branched, not forminglowdenseturf; capsule
formed in tubularorflattened perianth 37
35 Maleand femalebranchesatend ofshoot; oil bodies
always pale Solenostoma Jungermannia
(. )
Whitemalebranchesand marsupiacarried at baseof
stem; oil bodiesclearbrown, rarelypale 36
36 Plantsgreen,robust; leaves 1-2 mm wide; leafcells without
trigones Marsupidiumsurculosum
Plantsusuallybrownish, small; leaves< mm wide;
1
leafcells with distinct trigones Jackiellacurvata
37 Leaves darkgreen, brown orblack, margins entire; in montane
toalpineareas in ornextto water Cryptochilagrandiflora
Leavesyellowish, green orgreenish brown, marginsusuallytoothed;
in various habitats but mostly montaneor lower Plagiochila
A SpeciesofLophozia agenusnotyet formallyreported forVictoria but undoubtedly
,
present here, could key outatcouplet 16 or22.
BJamesoniellatasmcmica,doubtfullyrecorded forVictoria, wouldkeytohere. It has
yellowish orbrown concave leaves andthe perianth tapersto anarrow mouth;
Pedinophyllummonoicum is alwaysgreen andthe perianth expandsto awidemouth.
Vol. 123 (4) 2006 241
Bryophytespecialissue
Group D
Leafy liverwortswith underleaves and incubousleaves
1 Leaveswith ventral lobules Group A
Leaves without ventral lobules * 2
2 Most leaves on main stems4-lobed 3
Mostleaves on main stems 3-lobed, 2-lobed ornot lobed 5
3 Leaves insertedalmost longitudinally; leafcellsin regular
rows , .... Telaranea centipes
Leaves clearly incuboustotransverse; leafcells not in regularrows 4
4 Leaves nearlytransverse; tinyplantscreepingoverclaysoil,
often in dense mats .... Kurzia
Leavesclearlyincubous, leavesdenselyoverlappingon most
parts ofshoot , Lepidozia
5 Leavesdividedalmosttothebase, each lobeconsisting
±of4-6 elongatedcellsin arow Paracromastigumlongiscypha
Leaves notdividedalmosttothebase, segmentsnot as above 6
6 Ventral flagella absent 7
Ventralflagellapresent 9
7 Leavesconstantly3-lobed. neverwithextrateeth; underleaves
minute, entiretoshallowly3-lobed; plantminute Brucellaintegristipula
At least some leaves2-lobedorentire; underleaves large,
distinctly2-lobed or3-lobed; plants small to large 8
8 Both leavesand underleavesvariablyand deeply2-lobedand 3-lobed;
leafinsertion clearlyincubous; leafsurfacedistinctly
striolate Triandrophyllumsubtrifidum
Leavesand underleavesshallowly2-lobedorentire, sometimes
with small accessoryteeth, never3-lobed; leafinsertion± transverse;
leafsurface notstriolate(but maybepapillose) Isotachis
9 Atleastsome leaves3-lobed; ventral flagellumarisingfromaxil
ofunderleaf. Bazzania
All leaves2-lobedorentire;ventral flagellum replacing
halfofunderleaf Acromastigum
242 The Victorian Naturalist
Bryophytespecialissue
1
Group E
Leafy liverworts with underleaves and succubous totransverseleaveswithout lobes
Leaveswith a lobule on theventral side Group A
Leaveswithout a lobule onthe ventral side 2
2 Plantsminute, cells inflatedandglistening; leavesconsistingof
afewrelictual cells toppedbysmallerobliquecells Zoopsis
Plantssmallto large, cellsnot inflatedand glistening; leaves
consistingofmanycells 3
3 Although appearingentire,apex ofleaveswith2 small
closelyspaced lobes Saccogynidium decurvum
Leaveswithoutlobes 4
4 Leavesdeeplyconcave, moreor lessfleshy; in
alpinehabitats Hygrolembidiumacrocladum
Leaves notdeeply concave,neverfleshy; in various habitats 5
5 Plants somewhattodistinctlydorso-ventrally flattened;
withbrownish pigments;perianths± laterallycompressed,
basically2-lipped, theventral lobemuch reduced in length;
rhizoids not confinedtounderleafbases Leptoscyphusexpansus
Plantsusually lacking brownishpigments; perianth
trigonoustotrigonous inflated,themouth equallyor
subequallytrilobed; rhizoids confinedto underleafbases 6
6 Underleavesalwaysjoinedto leaves on both sides,
usuallystrongly; sexorgansalwayson shortspecialised
intercalaryshoots; androeciaon narrow leaflessbranches;
H
leafcells often with large trigones eteroscyphus
Underleavesjoinedtoleaveson I sideonly,orweaklyjoinedto
leaves onbothsides; sex organsall ormostlyon unspecialised
leafyshoots;androeciausuallyon leafybranches; leafcells
withouttrigones, ortrigones small to medium, never large 7
7 Plants stoloniferous; leavestransverse tosuccubous; leafy branches
erect, without flagella* Hepatostolonophorapaucistipula
Plants notstoloniferous, leaves succubous; leafy branches usually prostrate 8
8 Leaveswith irregularfragileteethon margin,often broken off,
giving leavesaraggedappearance; cuticlewithadistinct
rainbow sheen Leptophyllopsis laxa
Leaveswithoutsuch marginalteeth; cuticlewithoutadistinctrainbow sheen 9
9 Leaves moderatelytodeeplyconcave; underleaves plane,
convex, orcucullate Clasmatocolea
Leavesplaneorconvex; underleaves sometimesstrongly
concave, especiallynearshootapices Chiloscyphus
* I have foundno legitimate material ofH. rota/a from Victoria, andthereforediscount it
at present from the Victorian flora. It has symmetrical leaves with recurved
margins,andmightwell turn up insubalpineandalpineareas.
Vol. 123 (4) 2006 243
1
Bryophytespecialissue
Group F
Leafyliverwortswith underleavesand lobedortoothed succuboustotransverseleaves
1 Leavesdenselyhairyorspiny, leaflamina hard todistinguish Group B
Leavesnotdenselyhairy orspiny, leaflamina clearlyvisible 2
2 Plantsminute; leavesconsistingofa few cellstoppedby
smallerobliquecells Zoapsis
Plants minute to large; leavesconsistingofmany cells 3
3 Plants minute, thread-like; leaveshardlyvisibleunderhand lens;
underleaves minute orabsent 4
Plantssmallto large, notthread-like, leaves clearlyvisibly
under hand lens; underleaves alwayspresent 5
4 Leafmargins entire Cephaloziellaexiliflora
Leafmarginsraggedlytoothed Cephaloziellahirla
5 Stemsdark, densely covered in palehair-like paraphylls;
leavesand underleaves2-lobed. underleaves usually
alsoeiliateortoothed Chandonanthussquarrosus
Stems variously coloured, lacking paraphylls; leavesvariously lobed 6
6 Leaves dividedtobeyond halfway 7
Leaves not divided beyond halfway 9
7 Leavesdivided into3-4 narrowlytriangularlobes, usuallywith
2 extra teeth on the side; lobesspreading away from stem Temnomapalmatum
Leavesdivided into4 longnarrow lobes; lobesparallel tostem 8
8 Leaflobes spine-like, bent in centre; leaves succubous Psilocladac/andestina
Leaflobesnarrowly to widely triangular; leaves± transverse Kurzia
9 Underleaves alwaysjoinedto leaveson both sides, usually
strongly Heteroscyphus
Underleavesjoined to leaveson 1 side only, ornotjoined at all 10
10 Leaveswith irregular fragile teeth on margin, often broken off,
giving leavesaragged appearance; cuticlew'ith adistinct
rainbow sheen Leptophyllopsis laxa
Leaves without such marginal teeth; cuticlewithouta distinctrainbow sheen 1
Leaves±transverse,4-lobcdtoalmosthalfway; stolons present;
rare plant ofsubalpinewoodland Pseudocephaloziapaludicola
Leavesclearly succubous, not deeply4-lobed; stolons not present 12
12 Sporophytedeveloping in perianth onshort lateral branch;
underleavesusuallyjoinedto leaveson side, sometimes
1
narrowly; leaves-tcirculartotongue-shaped Chiloscyphus
Sporophytedeveloping in marsupiumon shortbranch on underside
ofstem; underleaves clearly notjoined to leaves; leaves various 13
13 Leaves± oblong, deeply lobed atapex;underleavesdividedto
thebase into2 diverging lobes* Geocalyxcaledonicus
Leaves± triangular-ovate, entireorvery shallowlylobedatapex;
underleaves almostcircular, shallowly notched at apex Saccogynidium
* Species ofLophozia a genus not yet formally reported for Victoria but undoubtedly
,
presenthere,couldkeyoutatcouplet 13.
244 The Victorian Naturalist
Bryophytespecialissue
Ackowledgements Flora ofAustralia Supplementary Series No. 20.
Mwhaonypotihanntkesdaoruetdeurerotrostwinotahneonmaynmuosucsrirpetferaeneds Sc(huAsBtRerSRanMdF(N20C0V2:)CAaunsbtrearlraHaenpadtiBclaaec.kbuParrnt)I. Nova
madesomevaluablecommentsandsuggestions. ScHoetdtwiCgiiAaM11(81.9715-5)24K.ey to Victorian Liverworts.
References /BotGanAyMDepartment,MonashUniversity:Clayton)
MaBlrcyoolphmytBesa:ndAnMaIllcloulstmr,atNed(G2l0o0s0s)arMyo.ss(eMsicarno-dOOpttihcesr ScACouatsnttbrearlriaa)n(F1l9o8r5a)aSnodutFhaeurnnaASuesrtireasliNaon.L2i.ve(rAwoGrPtSs:.
Press:Nelson,NZ)
McCarthy PM (2006) Checklist ofAustralian
Liverworts andllornworts. Version 6 April 2006
Me(awgwhwe.arnDbg.agnodv.Fauuh/raebrrsB).(2(0A0B3R)SA:CFainebledrGruai)deto the Received13April2006;accepted8June2006
Mosses andAlliedPlants ofSouthern Australia.
Glossary ofliverwortterms
Alternate With branchesalternatingfrom Elater Elongated cell with spiral orbispi-
one side to another along stem or ral internal structure, present in most
thallus, so that the branches are not liverwort and some hornwort cap-
opposite. sules; involved in sporedispersal.
alternate
Entire Withoutteeth, spines orotherpro-
Bipinnate Branched pinnately, and each jections(butmay be lobed).
branchalsobranchedpinnately. Epiphvllous Growing on the leaf or
Ciliate With long hair-like processes frondofanotherplant.
(cilia). Epiphytic Growing on another plant
(usuallyon bark).
Flagellum A ventral branch with minute
leaves, usuallyanchoringtheplantto
thesubstratum.
Gemma A multicelled propagule capable
ofgrowing into a new plant; often
formed in a specialised organ but
also often arising from leaves, thal-
lus marginsorotherplantparts.
Complicate-bilobed Consisting oftwo Hyaline Transparent andcolourless.
seemingly separate segments (lobe Incubous Arranged sothat, when viewed
and lobule, or double lamina and from the dorsal side, each leafover-
keel), very different in their size and laps the one nearer the stem apex (or
shape; the segments are joined, but would iftheywerecloseenough).
sometimes very narrowly. See keel
,
lobule.
Dissected Notched at the apex; if the
notch is so deep that the two sides
touch or overlap at their tips, then
theterm ‘deeplydissected’ is used.
Dioecious Having the male and female
organsonseparateplants. Intercalary branch A branch produced
Dorsal On the upper side ofthethallusor by an outgrowth from within the
shoot, i.e. farthest from the stem, ratherthan fromthe stem apex.
substratum. Intercalary branches have a tiny
Vol. 123 (4) 2006 245