Studies on Turkish Politics and Society: Selected Articles and Essays (Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East and Asia)

757 Pages·2016·2.88 MB·English

by  Kemal H. Karpat

STUDIES ON TURKISH POLITICS AND SOCIETY
SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL
STUDIES OF
THE MIDDLE EAST AND ASIA
(S.E.P.S.M.E.A.)
(Founding editor:C.A.O. van Nieuwenhuijze)
Editor
REINHARD SCHULZE
Advisory Board
Dale Eickelman (Dartmouth College)
Roger Owen (Harvard University)
Judith Tucker (Georgetown University)
Yann Richard (Sorbonne Nouvelle)
VOLUME 94
STUDIES ON TURKISH POLITICS
AND SOCIETY
Selected Articles and Essays
BY
KEMAL H. KARPAT
BRILL
LEIDEN •BOSTON
2004
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Karpat , Kemal H.
Studies on Turkish politics and society : selected articles and essays / by Kemal H. Karpat
p. cm. — (Social, economic, and political studies of the Middle East and Asia ; v. 94)
Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.
“This book consists of a series of research articles and some essays on Republican
Turkey published in the past decades.”—CIP galley, p. 1.
ISBN 90-04-13322-4
1. Turkey—Politics and government—20th century. 2. Turkey—Social conditions—20th
century. 3. Turkish literature—History and criticism. 4. Turkey—Foreign relations. I. Title.
II. Series.
DR576.K37 2003
956.I’02–dc21
2003052338
ISSN 1385-3376
ISBN 90 04 13322 4
© Copyright 2004 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored
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Fees are subject to change.
printed in the netherlands
CONTENTS
Copyrights and Permissions ...................................................... vii
Introduction ................................................................................ 1
P O Politics
Political Developments in Turkey, 1950–70 ............................ 33
The Turkish Elections of 1957 ................................................ 71
Domestic Politics ........................................................................ 104
Recent Political Developments in Turkey and their Social
Background .............................................................................. 148
Reflections on the Social Background of the Turkish
Revolution of 1960 ................................................................ 172
The Evolution of the Turkish Political System and the
Changing Meaning of Modernity, Secularism and Islam
(1876–1945) ............................................................................ 201
The Military and Politics in Turkey, 1960–64: A
Socio-Cultural Analysis of a Revolution .............................. 232
Turkish Democracy at Impasse: Ideology, Party Politics and
the Third Military Intervention ............................................ 272
The Turkish Left ........................................................................ 337
Military Interventions: Army-Civilian Relations in Turkey
Before and After 1980 ........................................................ 353
Socialism and the Labor Party of Turkey .............................. 378
P T Literature
The Impact of the People’s Houses on the Development of
Communication in Turkey (1931–1951) .............................. 401
Ömer Seyfeddin and the Transformation of Turkish
Thought .................................................................................. 418
A Language in Search of a Nation: Turkish in the
Nation-State ............................................................................ 435
vi 
Social Environment and Literature. The Reflection of the
Young Turk Era (1908–1918) in the Literary Work of
Ömer Seyfeddin (1884–1920) ................................................ 466
Contemporary Turkish Literature ............................................ 491
P T Foreign Affairs
Turkish Foreign Policy: Some Introductory Remarks ............ 509
The Muslim Minority in the Balkans ...................................... 523
The Role of Turkey and Iran in Incorporating the Former
Soviet Republics into the World System .............................. 543
The Roots of Kazakh Nationalism: Ethnicity, Islam or
Land? ...................................................................................... 580
The Turks in America .............................................................. 612
The Civil Rights of the Muslims of the Balkans .................... 639
The Turks of Bulgaria: The Struggle for National-Religious
Survival of a Muslim Minority ............................................ 661
The Sociopolitical Environment Conditioning the Foreign
Policy of the Central Asian States ........................................ 693
Index ............................................................................................ 741
COPYRIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS
We thank the following publishers for reproduction permissions and
cite below the name and date of publication (and page numbers if
requested).
“Political Developments in Turkey, 1950–70”, Middle Eastern Studies,
8:3. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd., 1972.
“The Turkish Elections of 1957”, The Western Political Quarterly, XIV:2.
Salt Lake City: University of Utah, 1961.
“Domestic Politics”, Klaus-Detlev Grothusen (hrsg.) Türkei (Südo-
steuropa-Handbuch, Bd IV). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht,
1985.
“Recent Political Developments in Turkey and their Social Back-
ground”, International Affairs, 38:3. London: Oxford University Press,
1962.
“Reflections on the Social Background of the Turkish Revolution of
1960”, originally entitled “Réflexions sur l’arrière-plan social de la
révolution turque de 1960”, Orient, 37. Paris, 1967.
“The Evolution of the Turkish Political System and the Changing
Meaning of Modernity, Secularism and Islam (1876–1945)”, Islamic
Culture, LIX:4. Hydarabad: Islamic Culture Board, 1985.
“The Military and Politics in Turkey, 1960–64. A Socio-Cultural
Analysis of a Revolution”, The American Historical Review, LXXV:6.
Washington, D.C.: American Historical Association, 1970.
“Turkish Democracy at Impasse: Ideology, Party Politics and the
Third Military Intervention”, International Journal of Turkish Studies, 2:1.
Madison, 1981.
viii   
“The Turkish Left”, The Journal of Contemporary History, 1:2. London:
Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1966.
“Military Interventions: Army-Civilian Relations in Turkey Before
and After 1980”, Metin Heper and Ahmet Evin (eds.), State, Democracy
and the Military: Turkey in the 1980s. Berlin, New York: Walter de
Gruyter, 1988.
“Socialism and the Labor Party of Turkey”, The Middle East Journal,
21:2. Washington, D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1967.
“The Impact of the People’s Houses on the Development of Com-
munication in Turkey (1931–1951)”, Welt des Islams, XV:4.Leiden:
Brill, 1974.
“Ömer Seyfeddin and the Transformation of Turkish Thought”,
Revue d’Etudes Sud-Est Européenne, X:4. Bucarest: l’Académie de la
République Socialiste de Roumanie, 1972.
“A Language in Search of a Nation. Turkish in the Nation-State”,
Aldo Scarglione (ed.), The Emergence of National Languages. Ravenna:
Longo Editore, 1984.
“Social Environment and Literature. The Reflection of the Young
Turk Era (1908–1918) in the Literary Work of Ömer Seyfeddin
(1884–1920)”, C.E. Bosworth, Ch. Issawi, R. Savory, A.L. Udovitch
(eds.), The Islamic World. From Classical to Modern Times. Princeton:
Darwin Press Inc., 1989.
“Contemporary Turkish Literature”, The Literary Review, 4:2. Teaneck,
NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University, 1960.
“Turkish Foreign Policy: Some Introductory Remarks”, International
Journal of Turkish Studies, 6:1–2. Madison, 1992–4.
“The Muslim Minority in the Balkans. Number and Geographical
Distribution”, The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs, 1:1–2. Warsaw,
1992.
   ix
“The Role of Turkey and Iran in Incorporating the Former Soviet
Republics into the World System”, Karen Dawisha (ed.), The International
Dimension of Post-Communist Transitions in Russia and the New States of
Eurasia. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1997.
“The Roots of Kazakh Nationalism: Ethnicity, Islam or Land?”,
Annali della Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, 1992.
“The Turks in America”, Les Annales de l’Autre Islam, 3. Paris: INALCO-
ERISM, 1995.
“The Civil Rights of the Muslims of the Balkans”, Asian and African
Studies, 27. Haifa, Gustav Heinemann Institute of M.E.S., 1993.
“The Turks of Bulgaria: The Struggle for National-Religious Survival
of a Muslim Minority”, National Papers, 23:4. Charleston, IL: Association
for the Study of the Nationalities (USSR and East Europe), 1995.
“The Sociopolitical Environment Conditioning the Foreign Policy of
the Central Asian States”, Adeed Dawisha & Karen Dawisha (eds.),
The Making of Foreign Policy in Russia and the New States of Eurasia (The
International Politics of Eurasia, Vol. 4.) Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe,
1995.