Studies on the, Physical Aspects of the Mud Banks along the Kerala Coast with special reference to the Purakad Mud Bank P. GPPAtAKRISHNA KURUP, M. Se. THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF COCHIN FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DECEMBER. 1975 co., •• ra PUP"' ACl.'lOIIJ,'G)IIN• • DCLAJlAtJ_ LlB' OJ' ! .... .., PlOD. . CBAPfa..% 1nIDIII'ftl. 1 .. 2If. !be" 1. ba-a 01 'M mtrala ...., a. But,. UteraWn ,. Bee_' ,taltee .... x...ttop of 8ICl "... 1'Ip.Ja. S. ot _ ..et ba*1 6. !lie coatt .... _ 1MtC ........... w • 7_ 11:1_. ........... 8. "J''o,n.na. ....".. 01 the ..s baDk8 " 9. et ..... "... 'NI.'" 10. Beatota '1. et s..w.UcattOll or C'IIAPJSd! BlDRUiAPIr 'l'D BAR JIYJ) ~ 1at.""~I. 1. ,Ma~ 2. ........ 3. Ren1 • ... ~ or CI&lPID-ID .... JUftBR !Ill *'DlWIl 1. M ...... a. MetbDd 3. Den1• .... Dl. ..._ CIlAP.ftII\..J'Y J7AtCnLAnOl 01' sua. .. JIJD D to IIJD BAlD 1.~"· 2. MnbI4.t • ..,. 3. .D..IM... '" t.. CJIAP'I'&." a. .. DOil" ..... tD 1II'D BAIl .. - 11 1• ....... 3. ... a1. ........_ _ ... .,. ~_. V."• • oat ••, CJIIAftIB.U VA. _ CUSlIIB 1 ........... a. vawe .). ........ tt .... Jt.. &trr"· as - c:JIAI1SI.YlI ...." All) CC8C1IJ81. . 91 •f r.'" " . 91 • t14 I' ."'. * !lata -.. .......t . I'e8U1ta et ... ...... 6D11ie& .. _ 'the JlQ'do&1. .., ... of .. .. _. al. .... I'Ata1a ...a "'tit. .JMial '-* 'FPZ4aI "'. ... to the .. at la ,... !be ... _ .... I'DI1a ...... tzr.a.. ......... .. ~ ant_ flu-_ ~ Ut. of tbe 01 fit ~ ",O,sa_ ... 'b7 WT of Gala ft. ..... potml. ...... * ..... -., ...... _1. ...... ... _ S.lot• •' 'b1e .. tbeU fNi1 ..rta. .... al.e naldU~ ~'. 4eel4. ... of _.. ID .. ,.._, WIll _ .. ...,. bI8 ........ t. oMaSa • "'.*'_. lit ........- 0 ____ pt.. .... IIQ'af.oal SW'I.- ... ".. iD 1bI ... ,,-* Ue...... .. at ...tau le,all" al. .... ~ 00'" la. . ..... a ••••_ .. tha _al ....J tIOloG' fit .. Ken1a ........ of ... bill.,.. Ma 1tott-.t • ,..ft0Q8 VOl" 1tftet ......, of .. _4 ... _PI fit .. ,.... . VOIIl .. aleo ,..• ..wet ill -. _ 0.,-, 0Iaapter. It ... v.t. ............. trl tile ,.... .... .... ....._t _!1'M" &bt1lll.UGa ut _ ..1 YIIdaUoIl of ...,.... . in the JItaNII:at .at __ tblIi1ta "." .... P. ...... sa CbaP'ft In. Cbapter IV 4. .r tW laboratory expen.ata eond1acW to determtna the ettwt of eal111ltr .. the t1aeoulaUoD dd ..t u. ... ot auepaded au4 111 the 1JU4 bank 1'8&1081 alI4 di8cuu" tbe lnt2ueDee or ..l tn1ty on tt. atab111ty and 1aa8ft1ty ot the _4 badaI. Chapter V deals vi~ the charaeteJlh 0.'__ t1a of tbt _ bot. . .ad the ptpi.oal properUa of the bfttom _4 of the _4 bank rel1OD. !be ot tbI IUd battt8 and tha .aft Ntnetica aD! alOlleahOre eu~. 1ft the "810ft or the 11114 bank an d1IeualMtd. i1l C~ n. the ~aJ7' and t1Da1 conclDa1caa are p.,. ...- .. iB m. Chapter I u, v.Y.a. v. .... all .... 1IfId.ebW to Dr. baP.l. M.Ie• • M. ... D, SI. t JI. At. SI., lIea4 ot tbI ......1 od. De1Itv 00 ......., .., Dl'ddell ... D1ftetor. XattODal fluttl'. of .._ ...-. PaMJt. lOa. aI_ .... diRIo"_ oa' aaUa. ....... tld.a VOIk tu bMB oant.t 1'1." ...... ,.,,_. ..... v.b.O, e.r 1t1eaU., ".., tuodata ........ ! vlIb \0 ex"... .,. ctM, _. of ....U ... to Dr. If. X. fald,kkar. IOIIIeI" D:lnetor aid Dr. 8. Z. Qaah. ..._ , DUwtol' of .. lat1cma1 nwtltute ot CIa.....,.._ tor \betr ._ 11ltenat lJI thta VOJIt. t .....M . to DI". If. S. .. BaO. Ott1ee. ...... CbarII. Beponal c.atft of ,he BaUona1 x.t1'.ot Oe-.apJar. O.b1. _ Dr. O. V. ..d aB. ProftlllaOr ... Be.ul of tile".,....., Of M&dae Sd_.lhd.wni" -n.a-' u. of COtN.ft tor aftd be2,. X ........._ r.- ..... oou...-. '" tbab aN alP 4u to ., ""deaIIl I v.. P. UdaJa ald hi A1mabut .,.,... ot .. o..ano. 01_. .... tfId., ot the laUoaal :r.ttt.te Of ...... COold:a ftlr tIIeb be1pa ... __" " ... to traSaa. 81"1 K. aa ..... t ....., 8.B• .,. Bade SebOOl, XaMra ..... tor 1da bdpe ••, ., t1eld VOIb alii ....,31_ a',... ... . *' w.a ... I __ eutUr 1aia tJope''''''''. •- r~ap. .... ot woaak Of 8l:t p. M. 80 •• nnt.d ., '" l1&li .... ., ..... __• Sa tile fIIraiael Ona. ..... Ds.• •• Of tIa .U...a1 JMtltlde of _ ........ aat .. 110 su' tbeftot ...... ,sweaW m .., .......... P~1 (Goa) 1-1a-.19~ D.OLA!lA~:rO. tan., x _lan tbat .. wtItr, 4_rt. ... la t1da ..... __ eanU4 od ", _ ~ ...,.2ea1 VId.'. ... le the 0.. ....... .., ..:t eeta_ ~ ot •••t lO1&1 tMtttftt ot 01 .......... (caa1ll11 aotnU." ... of l8!Itltr1a1 ne.ueh). COIbta 4udq ""'01."'" - the 1973 ... tul'tllW that it ... Bet .'2F .. ,.n '" _ __ nWtted dtber fa to .., 1hd._rdtr or !naUtnt. tor ..... of ., De.,.. or Dlpl-.. "_'loft !able :t 2'7 of ~1"OIl'&Pld.o atatl_ 'fab1eU LDeat:l.on of __ ataUOlll 38.lto <_> .b2e In a.t. alt aid etq ....... 6?-e Of the bottOil ..aaeate !able IV Bal,ld aact orl_tatlon ot ?'t-. ....... alaq the .......1 1M -,..s..t !'ablAlty Rdatl. ..... Y1aoodW ... e~.trat1oftt 4...,. Wllft LIlT GP fttIJD8 1. 1.IIeatton et .. __ ....... 183'-1913. a.. ... I. 1'Idhl ., Of t'be ltenla ..., 3. lIIoatlOll .t~" at. .t i. . .... III~ ~u. ot Ialtdtr at ........ Ita. ... tHt ~. ....0ftaJ ~1a'lon Of nr. .... aalSIli• •t stattoD lie. a6 .81"'_ .. s. .. onal ftrtat10n of nrtaH tape. ..... 'I. S,aaona1 ~.t1an of wlUeal .altat. .. atluotee bid. .......t ... "- .. ba* ""- B. IAoptOlt ot ..... fta1d._ _nSeal 9. tfSa~ et _peattd __*" . dul'lq "JIl1 10. YeJllUaal dietrAut1aD of auapeD4. 4\Ift. . ~ 11. Vmteal dSatltbuU. ot IlIIpadet _tw 4uft. . ~ t2. ....ieal d~ ot _p. ...... ... ....... a.pt.",. 13. ''''..,81 d~ of ............ d1II!t.q D• • 11'" 1-'" 'ertieal dUttf.1MU.GIa ot ....,.... ."-
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