Studies on the Cretan flora 3. Additions to the flora of Karpathos

9 Pages·1994·4.9 MB·

by  Nicholas J Turland

Bull. nat. Hist. Mus. Land. (Bot.)24(1): 91-99 Issued23June 1994
Studies on the Cretan flora 3. Additions to the
flora of Karpathos
NICHOLAS TURLAND
J.
DepartmentofBotany, TheNaturalHistory Museum, CromwellRoad, London SW75BD
LANCE CHILTON
22 River View, Ordsall, Retford, Nottinghamshire DN22 7UL
SYNOPSIS. Floristicnotesareprovidedfor47taxa,ofwhich42wererecordedbytheauthorsinApril 1992asnewto
theSouthAegeanislandofKarpathos. ThesewerefirstpublishedinFloraoftheCretanarea:annotatedchecklist&
atlas(Turland, Chilton& Press, 1993), butwithoutcomprehensivedetailsofcollectionsorobservations,which are
insteadprovidedhere. Ofthe42taxa,36arenewtothewholeKarpathosislandgroup(Karpathos,Kasos,Sariaand
adjacent islets). Of these, Ranunculus cupreus Boiss. & Heldr. was previously considered endemic to Crete,
Bellevaliatrifoliata (Ten.) Kunth isconfirmed aspresent in the Cretan area (the above islandstogetherwith Crete
itself), Scilla bifolia L. is new to the Cretan area, and Asyneuma giganteum (Boiss.) Bornm. is new to Europe
(previouslyknownonlyfrom the EastAegeanislands). Detailsarealsoprovidedconfirmingtheoccurrenceoffive
taxawhichwereformerlyknowninthe Karpathosislandgrouponlyfromold (pre-1930) records.
INTRODUCTION Of the taxa dealt with in the present paper, 42 were
recorded as additions to the flora ofKarpathos in Turland et
al. (1993),asaresultofafieldtriptotheislandbythepresent
TheislandofKarpathosliesintheSouthAegeanregionsome authors in April 1992. Comprehensive details of collections
75 kmto the north-east ofCrete. At48 km longand upto 12 or observationswere not included in the checklist because of
km wide (305 km2), it is the largest component of the itsconcise format, and are instead provided here. Duringthe
Karpathos island group (Fig. 1), which also includes Kasos field trip, the present authors also confirmed the occurrence
(18 km x 6 km) and Saria (9 km x 6 km). This archipelago, of five taxa which were formerly known in the Karpathos
together with Crete and its satellite islands, comprise the island group only from old (pre-1930) records. They too are
floristicterritory ofthe Cretan area ('Cr') as defined in Flora listed here togetherwith full details.
Europaea (Tutin et al., 1964-1980) and the Med-Checklist Taxonomy and nomenclature follow Flora of the Cretan
(Greuter, Burdet & Long, 1984-1989). area. Page references to the text and distribution maps
Karpathosliesonanorth-southaxisandreaches1215monthe containedin thatwork areprovidedforeachtaxon, usingthe
calcareousmassofMountKalilimni whichislocatedmoreorless acronym 1FCA\ The sequence of localities of collections or
,
inthecentreoftheisland. Ontheeasternside,atc.700m,isthe observations runs from north to south. Transliteration of
upland plain of Lastos, much of which was formerly under Greek place names follows Turland (1992), which in turn
cultivation,whileonthewesternsideareverticalcliffsandsteep followsofficial Greekusage. The aimistoprovidetheclosest
rockyslopesabovewoodsofPinusbrutiaTen.Theareanorthof possible phonetic equivalent to the Greek pronunciation
Kalilimni consists of a steep-sided ridge with several summits withoutresortingtounwieldylettercombinations. Inorderto
over 500 m, more pinewoods (largely burnt) and extensive avoid repetitiveness in citing the records, the collectors
exposure ofschistose rock. In the northernmost partofKarpa- 'Chilton & Turland' are abbreviated to 'C. & TV and 'obser-
thos are located the villages of Avlona, Diafani and Olimbos, vation' to 'obs.' All collections have been lodged at The
which lacked vehicular access until 1975, andwhere traditional Natural History Museum (BM).
cultivationofcerealsonnarrowhillsideterracesisstillpractised.
The regionsouthofKalilimniislessprecipitoustopographically
andcontainsalargeproportionoftheisland'scultivatedland.On
theeasterncoastisPigadia,theprincipalpopulationcentre(also FLORISTIC NOTES
known as Karpathos). The southernmost part of the island is
low-lyingand more orlessflat, with some cultivatedfields, but
mainlylargeexpansesofverydry,exposedcalcareousphrygana.
& Pteridophyta
Flora of the Cretan area: annotated checklist atlas
(Turland, Chilton & Press, 1993) was published as a first
productofthe European Plant Information Centre (EPIC) at
The Natural History Museum. In this checklist, the total Aspleniaceae
number of native vascular plant species recorded from the
islandgroupisgiven as905, ofwhich 10(1.11%) areendemic Asplenium ruta-muraria L. subsp. ruta-muraria (new
and32(3.54%)endemictotheCretanarea. Therearealso26 to the Karpathos island group- FCA: 31, 200)
introduced species.
TheNaturalHistoryMuseum, 1994
92 N.J. TURLANDAND L. CHILTON
Fig. 1The Karpathosislandgroup,showinglocalitiesmentionedinthetext, andthemappinggridusedbyTurlandetal. (1993). The basic,
unadjustedsquaresizeis8.25 km x 8.25 km.
CRETAN FLORA 3. ADDITIONSTO KARPATHOS 93
W. ofsummit ofMt Kalilimni, 1150 m, crevicesofW.-facing an old record from Mount Kalilimni cited by Rechinger
calcareouscliff, 9April 1992, C. & T. 307 (livingmaterial, no (1943a: 455, as Lithospermum arvense var. sibthorpianum
longerextant). (Griseb.) Halacsy). L. sibthorpianumisrelatedto L. arvense
Thissmall northtemperatefern alsooccursin thethree main and L. incrassatwn Heldr. ex Guss. (Buglossoides arvensis
mountain massifsofCrete (LefkaOri, Psiloritisand Dikti). sspuebcsipe.sgaarsepaurnrkinnioiwn(Hienldtrh.e KeaxrpGautshs.o)siRs.lanFdergnr.o)upT,haelstehotuwgoh
theydo occurin Crete togetherwith L. sibthorpianum.
Spermatophyta
Angiospermae Cactaceae
Dicotyledones
Opuntiaficus-barbarica A. Berger (new to the
Karpathos island group- FCA: 41, 212)
Apocynaceae
O.ficus-indica sensuFlora Europaea
iVsilnacnadmgarjooupr-L.FsCuAb:sp.36,ma2j0o6r) (new to the Karpathos RAporaidl 1e9n9t2r,anCc.e&toT.Olobism.b;oAspevirlilavgiel,la3ge5,03m0,0mf,ie7ldA-pmrariglin1s9,92,7
2ApkemriNviNllWageo,f3P0i0lems,, 2si5d0emo,fraobaad,nd7oAnperdilcu1l9t9i2v,atCe.d&grTo.unodb,s.6; rC.oad&, 1T0. Aopbrsi.l;119.952,kmC.W&.T.ofobMse.netes, 350 m, near side of
&
April 1992, C. T. obs.
Opuntiaficus-barbaricawasintroducedtotheMediterranean
This evergreen subshrub is cultivated for ornament in Crete region from tropical America. It is planted in Crete and also
and occasionally becomes naturalized. It occurs as a native naturalizedincultivated andwasteareas, usuallynearhuman
plant in western and central parts of the Mediterranean habitation.
region.
Araliaceae Campanulaceae
Hedera helix L. (new to the Karpathos island group- Asyneuma giganteum (Boiss.) Bornm. (new to Europe
FCA:
37, 206) -FC4:42, 213)
&
Pilesvillage,300m,wallatsideofroad,6April 1992, C. T. W. ofsummit ofMt Kalilimni, 1150 m, crevicesofW.-facing
obs. calcareouscliff, 9April 1992, C. & T. 311 (livingmaterial, in
Hedera helix is widespread in Crete as subsp. helix (with hort. Turland).
blackishfruits)andisanativeplantinwoodlandandoncliffs.
The speciesalsooccursonwallsinCretantownsandvillages, Asyneuma giganteum is a monocarpic chasmophyte which
where it may sometimes be planted, either as subsp. helix or occupies a very isolated taxonomic position within the genus
psuabtshpo.spitoweatsaroubmseNryvemdaonnl(ywiatthtohreacnigtee-dyleolclaloiwtyfr-uiatsm).anI-nmKaadre- k(Dnaomwbnolddistt,ri1b9u7t8i:on71i)n.toItEsudriospceo,vetrhyeipnrKeavriopuastlhyoskneoxtwenndpsoptuh-e
habitat-which suggests that its native status on the island is lations being on the East Aegean islands of Rodos (Dam-
doubtful. In the absence of fruits, the plants could not be boldt, loc. cit.) and Halki (Carlstrom, 1987: 97, 223). The
identified to subspecific rank. Outside the Cretan area the populationonMountKalilimniappearstobeextremelysmall
speciesisdistributedin temperate parts ofEurope andAsia. aofndthloecmaldiizmedi:nuutpivteo(1u0ppltaon5tscwmerheigfho),unwditohnoonnleycalifffeownllye,avaelsl
and no fertile parts present, or indeed any dead remains of
Boraginaceae those of the previous growing season. The single plant
collected has subsequently grown well in cultivation in Brit-
Lithospermum sibthorpianum Griseb. (confirmation ain. By autumn 1992, it had produced a rosette ofnumerous
for the Karpathos island group-FCA: 40) leaves and, although still sterile, wasclearly identifiable with
Buglossoidesarvensissubsp. sibthorpiana (Griseb.) R. Fern. a(MfoernttileesPpreocfeitmae)npcroollpeectSeadliankoRso,doinss(aIxnomsiosntcaelcP.roTpuhrekta'E,liacs.
5.5 km S. of Olimbos, cultivated area at head of valley 600m, 2July 1935, Rechinger8508 (BM!)).
running to NNW, 200 m, among cereal crop on cultivated Twoothertaxahaveasimilarbi-regionalendemicdistribu-
terrace, 8 April 1992, C. & T. 291; SE side ofsummit ofMt tion spanning the phytogeographical divide between Europe
Kalilimni, 1150m, soil-patch in calcareous phrygana, 9 April and Asia: Astragalus austro-aegaeus Rech. f. (Leguminosae)
1992, C. & T. 304; E. slope of Mt Kalilimni, 900 m, small is known only from Kasos, Karpathos and Rodos, while
open area in dry stream-bed surrounded by garigue of Ophrys umbilicata subsp. rhodia H. Baumann & Kiinkele
Phlomisfloccosa D. Don and Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) (Orchidaceae) is knownonlyfrom Karpathos and Rodos.
Spach, 5 April 1992, C. & T. 247; 1.5 km E. ofLastos plain,
&
700m, bare soil atside oftrack, 9April 1992, C. T. obs.
Thisannual specieswasgivenforKarpathosbyGreuteretal.
(1983: 49, asLithospermumarvenseL.)purelyonthebasisof
94 N.J. TURLANDAND L. CHILTON
Caryophyllaceae Chenopodiaceae
('crustinin brachypetalum Pers. (new to the Karpathos Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang. (new to
island group-FCA: 45, 218) the Karpathos island group- FCA: 54, 230)
Lastosplain, 700m, fallowfield, 5 April 1992, C. & T. 241. Diafani, se&a-level, cliffimmedWiSatWely above seashore, 8 April
TChreitse,smwalhleraenntuwaolssupbescpieecsieosccaurreskinnotwhne:hitgheheernmdoeumnitcaisunbsspo.f a19b9a2n,doCn.ed fiTe.ldoabbs.o;vecobaesatch, 7 Aproifl P1i9l9e2s,, C5. m&,Tm.a2r7g2i.n of
doerfleri (Halacsy ex Hayek) P.D.Sell & Whitehead, appar- At the cited localities, the plants appeared to be referable to
ently restricted to Mount Kedros, and the more widespread thenativesubsp. maritima, ratherthansubsp. vulgaris, which
subsp. roeseri(Boiss. & Heldr.) Nyman. Unfortunatelyitwas occurs as a casual escape from cultivation in both Crete and
not possible to identify the Karpathos collection to subspe- Karpathos. Subsp. maritima occurs along the coasts ofwest-
cificrank anditis recorded, forthe time being, asthe species ern and southern Europe (including Crete), Asia and North
sensu lato. Cerastium brachypetalum is widely distributed in Africa, as well as on saline soilsinland.
western, central and southern Europe where several subspe-
cies have been recognised. Compositae (Asteraceae)
Sagina apetala Ard. (new to Karpathos- FCA: 49, Bellis sylvestris Cirillo (new to the Karpathos island
223) group-FCA: 59, 237)
o1fkPmhrNagWmiotfesPibgeadd,ia1,1seAap-rlielve1l9,9d2,amC.p&barTe. s3a39n.dymudatedge gLaorwiegure,E.5sAlporpiels1o9f92M,tCK.al&ilTi.mnoibsa.b;oavleonLgasttroasckplfarion,m7L5a0stmo,s
This is another diminutive annual with a widespread Euro- plain to E. coast, 700 m, garigue, 9 April 1992, C. & T. obs.;
pr(1ee9ca8on3r:ddie5sd0t)r,firbfourtmoimotnhKewahsKioascr.hpaitnhcolusdeisslCarndetger.oTuhpebyspeGcrieeustewrasetfiarls.t Acu&phprupTire.lcrho,eb1s9n3.9d5;20,oWfm.CV,.ooglf&raaOdstaTsh.yovsia2l,r4le9aoa;g,ne,i1rm40om7aAe0dpdrmiti,aoltgSe1tal9ery9si,2g,Wu4e.5C,.05om&fA,pMTrp.eihnloreby1tsg9e.a9sn2,,a,bC.y6
Sagina maritima Don (new to Karpathos- FCA: 49, Numerous flowering individuals of this perennial southern
223) European species were observed in Karpathos - enough to
40.A5pkrimlW1.992o,fPCi.ga&diaT., 252m6,. dampbaresandygroundbytrack, tsahuuegtrgueem.snt,ItnhaaCntrdestpoern,ilnygtrhiaesreastlpyleecianisetsspprsairentge.mosfittsomfalionwefrlomwaeirnilnygpienritohde
Sagina maritima is morphologically similar to the preceding
species, but differs in having leaves muticous or very shortly Centaurea calcitrapa L. subsp. calcitrapa (new to the
mucronate, rather than distinctly aristate. It occurs along the Karpathos island group-FCA: 61, 240)
Scoaagsitnsaofapmetoaslta,ofitEuwraospef,irsitncrleucdoinrgdeCdrefter.omInthceomKmaorpnatwhiotsh 0.5 km SE ofOl&imbos, 350m, bare ground at side ofroad, 7
islandgroup by Greuteret al. (1983: 50), from Kasos. April 1992, C. T. obs.
This biennial plant occurs as a native in southern-central
Stellariu media (L.) Vill. (confirmation for the Europe and the Mediterranean region, and is naturalized
Karpathos island group-FCA: 53, 228) elsewhereinwesternandcentralEurope. ItisfoundinCrete,
where it usually grows in weedy habitats similar to the
eDinatfraannicevitlolaOgel,imsbeao-slevvielll,ag8e,Ap3r5i0lm1,9972,ApCr.il&19T.92,obsC..;&roaTd. Karpathos locality.
ooAbpusrs.i;clli11f.f95,927k,mApCS.riWl&1oT9f.9S2op,bosCa..,;&3i0m0mT.emd,oibasft.oe;oltAypofeNrNWiW-voifflalcPaigilene,gs,3c03a0l0c0ma,rme,7- Rishlaagnaddgirooluuspe-duFlCiAs:Ga7e1r,tn25.3)(new to the Karpathos
bare stony ground of dry stream-bed by road, 6 April 1992, Valley4kmN. ofMtKimaras, betweensemi-desertedvillage
C. & T. 260; immediately W. ofMenetes, by church, 350m, andgorge, 100 m, grove ofPinus brutiaTen. on valley-floor,
grassyarea, 10April 1992, C. & T. obs.; Menetesvillage, 350 growing with Aristolochia cretica Lam., Cyclamen creticum
m, 10April 1992, C. & T. obs. (Dorfl.) Hildebr., Scaligeria napiformis (Spreng.) Grande
TTF5R1hleh)iocershpaisutpnraEegexcueloiryrneosopi(snaw1et9athd4she3)ea,gs:ibpvaews1echi4niis8ec)fso.hofsrJeiaKasnnalsadruosiplssad&tttrrrhiiecSobtcusuootoreb(mdidyi.efnG.trerhsonerum,uobutsVigeponh.rloAameuttdetladaalisE.cauiF(trsl1eoeo9dpnr8ebs3a.y:ue sc3akl0hnim1rfdf;u,SbT1E1h0okenolmAfipmrgSLaioEarlnsguto1ifom9ns9Mc2eopy,fnlnaeCoait.cnbe,ra&san,6md5T2bo.08en0omeLb,dm.s,.,rf8iofecoAlokdpt,yrio9glfrAE1op9.ur9-ni2fdl,acs1Cih9.ne9gl2&ct,aeTlrC.ce.da2r&9be8oy;uT.sa1
Europaeae (1983: 72, map 820), map Stellaria media sensu Rhagadiolus edulis has not always been separated from R.
lato from Karpathos (i.e. including 5. cupaniana (Jord. & stellatus (L.) Gaertn. sensu lato, which is distributed from
Fourr.) Beg., 5. neglecta Weihe and S. pallida (Dumort) southernEuropeeastwardsto Iran andwas alreadyknown to
Pire), using a symbol indicating the existence of a post-1930 occurin Kasos and Karpathos (Rechinger, 19430: 676; Greu-
record,buttheydonotprovideaseparatemapforthespecies teretal., 1983: 54). R. eduliswasnotgivenfortheKarpathos
sensu stricto. islandgroupby Rechinger(op. cit.: 677), andwasnottreated
CRETANFLORA 3. ADDITIONSTO KARPATHOS 95
separatelybyGreuteretal. (loc. cit.) Itischaracterizedbyits the Omalosplainin the Lefka Ori massif(Rechinger, 1943ft:
lyrately divided leaves and glabrous phyllaries and is prob- 79).
ably only worthy of separation at varietal rank, if at all.
Turlandetal. (1993) donottreatitseparately, exceptintheir
distribution maps. R. stellatus sensu stricto, with dentate to Dipsacaceae
incised leaves and pubescent or minutely setulose phyllaries,
also occurs in Karpathos, and both taxa occur more or less
sympatrically in Crete. R. edulis has a tendency to grow in Knautia integrifolia (L.) Bertol. (new to the
more humid habitatsthanR. stellatus in the Cretan area. Karpathos island group-FCA: 86, 273)
Along track from Lastos plain to E. coast, 700 m, 9 April
TKayrrpiamtnhuossliesulcaongdrgarpohuups-(LF.)CAC:ass7.3,(2n5e7w)to the c19o9m2m,unC.it&yiTn.oloibvse.;griomvme,ed6iaAtperlily1N9E92,ofC.St&es,T.4o5b0s.m;,1.w5ekemd
0.25 km SW of Avlona, 300 m, cultivated terraces on W. ofMenetes, 350m, 10 April 1992, C. & T. obs.
actaellcyarNe.ouosfOsulbismtbroast,um3,008mA,prfiileld1,9982A,prCi.l&199T2.,oCb.s.&; iTm.moebdsi.-; bKnyasuutbisap.inmteigmriifcoalia(Biosrabnasa)nnGuraelutsepre,ciewshircehproetsheenrtweidseinoCcrceutres
E. side ofMt Kimaras, on Spoa-Olimbos road, 350 m, rocky in Albania and Greece, and on the East Aegean island of
ground at side ofroad, 7 April 1992, C. & T. 276. Rodos by subsp. urvillei (Coult.) Greuter, which otherwise
Old records of this Mediterranean species from Kasos and occurs from Turkey-in-Europe to Palestine. The precise
Karpathos (Rechinger, 1943a: 655) were considered errone- identity of the populations in Karpathos has yet to be
ousandwerereferredto CarduusargentatusL. byGreuteret ascertained; they could belong to either of these taxa, or
al. (1983: 52). The latter species was also observed by the possibly to subsp. integrifolia, which is distributed mainly in
authors on the terraces atAvlona. the western and central Mediterranean region, extending
eastwardsto Bulgaria and Greece.
Crassulaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Crassula alata (Viv.) A. Berger (new to the Karpathos
island group-FCA: 76, 259) Euphorbia helioscopia L. (new to Karpathos-FCA:
Beach 1 kmNWofPigadia, sea-level, sandyground attop of 89, 277)
beach, 11 April 1992, C. & T. 335-det. J.R. Akeroyd.
0.25 km SW of Avlona, 300 m, cultivated terraces, 8 April
ThisminuteannualspeciesiscurrentlyknowninEuropeonly 1992, C. & T. obs.; ravine immediatelySWofDiafani, 50m,
from the Aegean region (Crete, Karpathos and the 8 April 1992, C. & T. obs.; 5.5 km S. ofOlimbos, cultivated
wKieksltaedrens)A.siOa.thIetrwwiasse,firisttorceccuorrsdeidnfNroormthCrAeftreicbayaGnrdeustoeurth&- aC.re&aaTt.hoebas.d;o1f.5vakllmeyWr.unonfiMnegnetoteNsN,W35,02m0,01m0,A8prAiplri19l9129,9C2.,
Raus (1981: 276), and has not always been distinguished & T. obs. 1.5 kmN. ofAirport, 20m, marginoffallowfield,
ttehre,reMaflrtohmasth&evReirsyses,im1i9l8a4r:Cr2a7s5s-u2l7a6)t.illaeaLest.-Garl. (Greu- 10April 1;992, C. & T. 324.
This annual species occurs almost throughout Europe
Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) (including Crete), North Africa and Asia, and is widely
introduced elsewhere. The species was first recorded from
theKarpathosislandgroupbyGreuteretal. (1983: 57), from
Eruca sativa Mill, (new to the Karpathos island group Kasos.
-FCA:
82, 268)
E. vesicaria subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell. Geraniaceae
1.5 km NE ofLefkos, 100 m, 6 April 1992, C. & T. obs.; 0.5
kmSWofVolada,500m, 6April 1992, C. & T. obs.;2.25km
tNoNwnW, 1o5fmP,ile4s,Ap2r5i0l m19,926,ACp.ri&l T1.99o2b,s.C. & T. obs.; Pigadia EKarropdaituhmosmoisslcahnadtgurmou(pL.-)FLC'HAe:r.92(,n2e8w1)to the
Eruca sativa is an annual species widely distributed in the Olimbosvillage, 350m, 7April 1992, C. & T. obs.;gorge4.5
Mediterranean region. It occurs in Crete, where it grows in km N. of Mt Kimaras, 100 m, 8 April 1992, C. & T. obs.;
weedcommunities oncultivated ground. semi-deserted village 3.5 km N. of Mt Kimaras, 150 m, 8
April 1992, C. & T. obs.; 1.5 km SWofSpoa, 300m, foot of
&
TtheeesKdaalripaatchoorosnoispliafnodligar(oJu.pP-. FBeCrAg:er8e6t,)2T7h2e)ll. (new to iNmWm-efdaicaitneglycNalEcaorfeoSutses,cli4f5f,0 7m,A6prAiplr&i1l99129,92,C.C. &TT.. oobbss..;;
Pigadia town, 15 m, 4 April 1992, C. T. obs.; immediately
Lastosplain, 700m, fallowfield, 5 April 1992, C. & T. 240. W. ofMenetes, bychurch, 350m, 10April 1992, C. & T. obs.
This mainly southern European and North African annual is Erodium moschatum is an annual or biennial species widely
also known from western Crete, where it has been recorded distributed in Europe (including Crete), North Africa and
undersimilarecologicalconditionsatanaltitudeof1050mon Asia, and introducedelsewhere.
96 N.J. TURLANDANDL. CHILTON
Geranium tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum (new to the Asia and America. It occurs in Crete, where it grows among
Karpathos island group- FCA: 93, 282) rocks and in stony places.
Immediately NE of Stes, 450 m, weed community at side of
& Leguminosae (Fabaceae)
track, 6 April 1992, C. T. 253.
This tuberous perennial plant is distributed in southern Lathyrus annuus L. (new to the Karpathos island
Europe, North Africa and south-western Asia. It occurs in -FCA:
group 106,299)
Crete, where it is characteristic of areas in which traditional
methodsofcultivation are still practised. The plants typically 5.5 km S. of Olimbos, cultivated area at head of valley
grow in cultivated and fallow fields, as for example in the running to NNW, 200 m, among cereal crop on cultivated
fieldsofthe Lasithiplainin the Diktimassifineastern Crete. terrace, 8 April 1992, C. & T. 292; immediately NE of Stes,
450 m, weed community at side oftrack, 6 April 1992, C. &
Guttiferae (Hypericaceae) T. 251; 1 kmNWofPigadia, sea-level, annualcommunityon
damp ground at edge of Phragmites bed, growing with
Bromus spp., Hordeum leporinum Link, Medicago spp. and
iHsylpaendrigcruomuppe-rFfCorAa:tu9m4,L2.8(4)new to the Karpathos VT.ic3i3a8.villosa subsp. varia (Host) Corb., 11 April 1992, C. &
0.25 km SW of Avlona, 300 m, growing through calcareous This annual species is distributed from the Mediterranean
rocksofdry-stone wall, 8 April 1992, C. & T. 285; 0.5 km E. regioneastwardstocentral Asia. ItoccursinCrete, where its
ofPigadia, 11 April 1992, C. & T. obs.;betweenMenetesand usual habitats are much the same asthose in Karpathos.
Arkasa, growing through calcareous rocks ofdry-stone wall,
&
10April 1992, C. T. obs. Lens culinaris Medik. (confirmation for the Karpathos
Hypericum perforatum occurs almost throughout Europe island group-FCA: 107)
(including Crete), as well as in North Africa and Asia. The
plelsasntbsesreeefnerirnedKatroptahtihsosspewceiresewsitterhilceo,nbfuidtetnhceey.can neverthe- 5or.fu5nLnekifnkmgostS,o.N40oNfmW,O,lfi2am0lbl0oomws,,fi8eclAudpl,tr6iivlAapt1re9di9l2,a1r9Ce.9a2&,atCT..h&oebasTd..;o21f64k.vmalNleEy
Labialae (Lamiaceae) Lens culinaris is an annual species widely cultivated in
Europe, Asia and elsewhere for its edible seeds. The plant
Melissa officinalis subsp. altissima (Sm.) Arcang. was given as cultivated in Karpathos by Greuter et al. (1983:
(confirmation for the Karpathos island group- FCA: 6610,) pasurEerlyvuonmtlheensbaLs.i)sTohfeanploalndtsreactobrodtchitleodcablyitiCeisfecrirtied(1h9e4r4:e
96, 286) are probably no more than relics of cultivation, although
Immediately NE of Stes, 450 m, heap of stones in partly those at Lefkos may have become locally naturalized, since
cultivated area, 6 April 1992, C. & T. obs.; 2 km NNW of the field appeared to have been lyingfallowforsome years.
&
Piles, 250m, nearstream, 6 April 1992, C. T. obs.
-
Melissa officinalis was given for Karpathos by Greuter et al. VFiCcAia:faba L. (new to the Karpathos island group
(1983: 58) purely on the basis of an old record from Othos 115)
sciotuetdhebrynREeucrhoipnege(rin(c1l9u4d3i0n:g C5r2e2)t.e),SuNbosrp.thalAtfirsisciamaanodccsuorusthi-n vLialsltaoges,pl3a0i0n,m7,007mA,prfiiellds1,9952,ApCr.il&199T2.,oCb.s.&; 1T..5obksm.;WAp.eroif
western Asia. Menetes, 350 m, 10 April 1992, C. & T. obs.; 1.5 km N. of
Airport, 20 m, fields, 10April 1992, C. & T. obs.
Rosmarinus officinalis L. (new to the Karpathos island
-FCA: Viciafaba is cultivated for its edible seeds in both Crete and
group 99, 289)
Karpathos. In Crete, the species also occurs as a casual relic
0.5 km W. of Volada, by track to Lastos plain, 500 m, one or escape from cultivation, and the records from Karpathos
plantattopofbankbytrack, C. & T. obs.;nearPiles,6April mostprobably representsuch occurrences.
1992, C. & T. obs.
Malvaceae
This largely Mediterranean shrub is occasionally cultivated
for ornament or culinary use in both Crete and Karpathos,
and it is very likely that the few plants seen at the cited Lavatera cretica L. (new to the Karpathos island
localities are deliberately planted individuals rather than group-FCA: 118,317)
nativeornaturalized. ThenativestatusofthespeciesinCrete
issimilarly doubtful. Road entrance to Olimbosvillage, 350m, 7 April 1992, C. &
&
T. obs.; Pigadia town, 15 m, waste area, 11 April 1992, C.
Stachys arvensis (L.) L. (new to the Karpathos island T. 343.
-FCA:
group 100,292) This annual or biennial species is distributed from western
2km SEofAperi, 250m, 5 April 1992, C. & T. obs. oEcucruorpseintChrreotueg,hwhtehreeMiteidsimtoesrtraonfetaennfroeugnidonintcoultAirvaabtiead.anIdt
Stachys arvensis is found in Europe, Africa, south-western waste areas.
CRETAN FLORA 3. ADDITIONSTO KARPATHOS 97
Plantaginaceae Scrophulariaceae
Plantago amplexicaulis Cav. subsp. amplexicaulis (new Linaria chalepensis (L.) Mill, (new to the Karpathos
to the Karpathos island group-FCA: 124, 323) island group-FCA: 142, 348)
E. edge ofPigadia town, 20m, waste area at side ofroad, 11 5.5 km S. of Olimbos, cultivated area at head of valley
April 1992, C. & T. 344. runningto NNW, 200 m, 8 April 1992, C. & T. obs.
This annual plant is found in southern Spain, southern Italy, LinariachalepensisisanannualspeciesfoundintheMediter-
the South Aegean region (including eastern Crete), North ranean region and south-western Asia. It occurs in Crete,
Africa and Cyprus. where it grows as aweedofcultivated areas.
Ranunculaceae Scrophularia peregrina L. (new to Karpathos- FCA:
143, 349)
&
Ranunculus cupreus Boiss. Heldr. (new to the Gorge4.5kmN. ofMtKimaras, 100m,8April 1992, C. & T.
Karpathos island group- FCA: 132, 334) obs.; semi-deserted village 3.5 km N. ofMt Kimaras, 150 m,
oSuusmmriotckayresaloopfe,Mt9KAaplriillim1ni9,921,20C0.m&, sTo.il3-0p6o;ckEe.tssiindecaolcfarMet- s81o9iA9l2pa,rniCld.s1&t9o9n2Te.,soCbb.ys.d;&riymTsm.terdoebisaa.mt;-eblAeypdeNbrWyirvooifaldlPa,igle6e,sA,p33r00i0l0mm1,9,927h,eAaCpp.rio&lf
rKoalcikl-ifmancie,ex1p0o0s0edm,tocNr.e,vi5ceAsprainld19s9o2i,l-Cp.oc&ketTs. 2in44.calcareous iT.mm2e5d9i;at0e.l5ykWm.Eo.fMoefnPeitgeasd,iab,y1c1huArpcrhi,l3159092m,,C1.0A&priT.l 1o9b9s2.,;
&
C. T. obs.
Ranunculus cupreus is a tuberous perennial species which,
prior to its discovery on Mount Kalilimni in Karpathos, was This annual species is found mainly in the Mediterranean
considered endemic to Crete, where it occurs sporadically region, including Crete, where it grows in rocky places and
from sea-level up to 2200 m. The plants are frequent on weed communities mainly in the west of the island. In the
uKnaldielrismindiesaboofvethce. 1h0o0n0eym-.leTahveesbassoalmelteiavmeessarceophpaeirr-ytianntdedth-e KKaarspoastchiotsedisblyanRdegcrhoiunpg,erit(i1s9k4n3ao:wn477f)r,omanadnwoaldsrreeccoorrddefdroams
both diagnostic features of R. cupreus, and relevant in new to Saria by Greuter et al. (1983: 68). It appears to have
distinguishingthis speciesfromR. subhomophyllus (Halacsy) been hitherto overlooked in Karpathos, however, in spite of
Vierh., which has also been recorded from Mount Kalilimni itsmoderatelyfrequentoccurrence there.
(Rechinger, 1943a: 190; Strid, 1986: 220). It seems probable
that R. cupreus in Karpathos has previously been misidenti-
fied as R. subhomophyllus: the authors observed large num- Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
bersofplantsoftheformerbutnoneofthelatterduringtheir
field trip. Indeed, the accuracy of all records of R. subho-
mophyllus from Karpathos should not be taken for granted. Smyrnium olusatrum L. (new to the Karpathos island
The same could be said of records from Mount Afendis group-FCA-. 153,363)
Kavousi in eastern Crete (Rechinger, 1943&: 74; Strid, loc.
sctiitl.l):octchiusrsmotuhenrteaiinn lisartgheentuympbeelrosca(lcilteyarolfyRa.grceuepirnegusw,itwhhitchhe A19p9e2r,iCv.il&lagTe.,236070;mPi,ledsryvi-lsltaognee, 3w0al0lma,t6siAdperiolf1r9o9a2d,,C7.A&priT.l
Kalilimni material), whereas R. subhomophyllus has not yet obs.; Menetesvillage, 350m, 10April 1992, C. & T. obs.
beenfound there by eitherofthe authors.
Smyrnium olusatrum is a biennial species distributed mainly
in the Mediterranean region. It occurs in Crete, where it is
Resedaceae oftenfoundinoraround villages.
Reseda luteola L. (confirmation for the Karpathos Monocotyledones
island group-FCA: 134, 336)
2.5 kmN. ofMt Kimaras, 200m, hardbareground on track, Agavaceae
8 April 1992, C. & T. 296; 2 km NW of Pigadia, 10 m,
&
roadside bank, 4April 1992, C. T. obs.
Agave americana L. (new to the Karpathos island
This biennial species was given for Karpathos by Greuter et group-FCA: 157,368)
al. (1983: 66) purely on the basis of an old record from the
Olimbos area cited by Rechinger (1943a: 245). It occurs in Diafanivillage, 8April 1992, C. & T. obs.
Europe (including Crete) and North Africa eastwards to
central Asia. ThislargesucculentperennialwasintroducedtotheMediter-
ranean region from Mexico. It is cultivated in Crete and is
possibly also naturalized on roadsides and near villages. The
exactstatus ofthe population at Diafani is uncertain.
98 N.J. TURLANDAND L. CHILTON
Cyperaceae Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. (new to the
Karpathos island group- FCA: 111, 386)
gCraoruepx-ilFlCegAit:im1a6C0e,s3.72()new to the Karpathos island 11.9592k,mC.SW&oTf.Piolbess.,;210kmm, wNetWdiotfchPiagtadsiiad,e osfear-oleavde,l,6dAparmipl
&
ground at edge of Phragmites bed, 11 April 1992, C. T.
2.5 km N. ofMt Kimaras, 200 m, steep slope ofstream gully 340.
in area of burnt Pinus brutia woodland, forming clumps
amongst regenerating vegetation ofArbutus unedo L., Pista- Thisrhizomatousperennialgrassisdistributedfromsouthern
cia lentiscus L. and Cistus on schistose substratum, 8 April Europe to central Asia, as well as in the Old World tropics
1992, C. & T. 295; alongtrack from Lastos plaintoE. coast, and subtropics and Chile. In Crete, it occurs in damp sandy
700 m, in field layer of very open Pinus brutia woodland, 9 places, ditches and moist grassland nearthe sea.
April 1992, C. & T. obs.
Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench (new to Karpathos-
This mainly eastern Mediterranean sedge was considered FCA:
171,386)
doubtfully present in the Cretan area until recorded by
Turland (1992: 163) from the lower western slopes ofMount Semi-desertedvillage3.5 kmN. ofMtKimaras, 150m,fallow
Afendis Kavousi in eastern Crete where, as in Karpathos, it cultivation terrace, 8 April 1992, C. & T. 300; S. edge of
growsin Pinusbrutiawoodland. Pigadia town, 25 m, weed community in olive groves, 11
&
April 1992, C. T. obs.
Gramineae (Poaceae) Lamarckia aurea is an annual grass found from the Mediter-
ranean region (includingCrete) eastwardsto Pakistan. Itwas
first recordedfrom the Karpathosisland group by Greuteret
Bromu-sFdCiaAn:drus Roth (new to the Karpathos island al. (1983: 72), from Saria.
group 165,378)
Immediately NE ofStes, 450 m, weed community at side of Iridaceae
track, 6 April 1992, C. & T. 250; 1 km NW of Pigadia,
sea-level, annual community on d&amp ground at edge of Romulea ramiflora Ten. susbp. ramiflora (new to
Phragmites bed, 11 April 1992, C. T. obs.; Pigadia town, -FCA:
15 m, 4 April 1992, C. & T. obs.; immediately W. of Karpathos 179, 396)
Menetes, bychurch, 350m, 10April 1992, C. & T. obs. Lastos plain, 700 m, fallow field, growing with Romulea
Bromus diandrus is an annual grass found in southern b30u2l.bocodium (L.) Sebast. & Mauri, 9 April 1992, C. & T.
Europe, North Africa and south-western Asia. It occurs in
Crete, growingin avariety ofdisturbed habitats. This geophyte is distributed in the Mediterranean region,
including Crete, and was first recorded from the Karpathos
& islandgroup by Greuteret al. (1983: 74), from Kasos.
Bromus hordeaceus subsp. divaricatus (Bonnier
Layens) Kerguelen (new to the Karpathos island
Liliaceae
-FCA:
group 166,379)
B. hordeaceus subsp. molliformis (Lloyd ex Godr.) Maire & Bellevaliatrifoliata (Ten.) Kunth (new to the
Weiller Karpathos island group, and confirmation for the
1.5 km N. ofairport, 20 m, fallow field, 10 April 1992, C. & Cretan area-FCA: 182, 401)
T. 323-del. M.H. Martin (UniversityofBristol). Lastos plain, 700 m, scrub, 5 April 1992, C. & T. obs.; 1 km
TithigsroawnsnuianlmaMresdhietse,rrdaanmeapnggrraasssslaanldsoaoncdcusrasndiyn Calrleutvei,alwshoeilrse, ASpEriolfL1a9s9t2o,spCl.ai&n, 6T5.02m3,7;neaarremaarigmimnedoifataeblayndNonEedoffieSltde,s5,
as well as fallowfields. 450-470 m, several populations in olive groves, margin of
scrub and abandoned fields, 6 April 1992, C. & T. obs.;
immediately W. of Menetes, by church, 350 m, abandoned
Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch (new to the Karpathos terraces, 10April 1992, C. & T. obs.
island group- FCA: 171, 385)
This Mediterranean bulbous species is given as doubtfully
Immediately W. of Menetes, by church, 350 m, 10 April present in the Cretan area by Heywood (1980: 45), presum-
1992, C. & T. obs.; immediatelyE. ofMenetes, 340m, waste ably on the basis of an old record from Crete cited by
groundatsideofroad, 10April 1992, C. & T. 317; 1.5 kmN. Rechinger (1943a: 728) and doubted by Greuter (1974: 161).
ofAirport, 20m, side ofroad, 10 April 1992, C. & T. obs. The newrecordsfrom Karpathosconfirmthe presence ofthe
species in the Cretan area. Furthermore, the authors have
&
Greuter, Maltha's Risse (1985: 36) suggested that this recently received confirmation of the occurrence of the
annual grass is 'actively spreading as a roadside weed in species in Crete itself (Apokoronos: S. of Vrises, by road to
Greece and on many Greek islands'. The same authors (loc. HoraSfakion, beneatholivetreeinstonyfield, 10April 1993,
cit.) considered it to be fairly recently introduced to Crete, /. Palmercolourtransparency!).
and now naturalized there. Elsewhere, it is known from Greuter (1974: 161) also casts doubt upon old records of
Libya, Egypt and south-western andcentral Asia. Bellevalia dubia (Guss.) Rchb. cited by Rechinger (I943a:
CRETAN FLORA ADDITIONSTO KARPATHOS
3. 99
728) from Kasos. This species has a distribution similar to ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. Weshouldfirstlyliketoexpressourgratitude
that of B. trifoliata and is likewise given by Heywood (1980: for support from the Park Fund, at The Natural History Museum,
45) as doubtfully present in the Cretan area. Its occurrence which provided all the expenses of the field trip to Karpathos. We
there has recently been confirmed by a record from the wouldalso like to thank DrJ.R. Akeroyd, fordetermining Crassula
Korikos peninsula in north-western Crete (Strasser, 1988: 6, alata, Dr M.H. Martin (University of Bristol), for determining
22), although its presence in Kasos remains doubtful. It is Bromushordeaceussubsp. divaricatus, MrsI. Palmer, forcommuni-
possible thatthe recordsfrom thatisland are in fact referable cating her Cretan record of Bdlevalia trifoliata, and all the local
to B. trifoliata. peoplein Karpathos, particularlyGeorgePhilippidisofPigadia,who
helpedtomake thetripbothtrouble-freeandenjoyable.
Scilla bifolia L. (new to the Cretan area- FCA: 185,
406)
W. of summit of Mt Kalilimni, 1100 m, head of valley REFERENCES
beneath W.-facing cliffs, among low open scrub of Acer
sempervirensL.,9April 1992, C. & T. 308; immediatelyS. of
col S. of summit of Mt Kalilimni, 1150 m, in protection of Andersson,I.A. 1991.ScillaL.InA.Strid&KitTan(Eds),Mountainfloraof
spiny shrub beneath NW-facing calcareous cliffs, 5 April Greece2:694-697.Edinburgh.
1992, C. & T. 246. Carlstrom,A.1987.AsurveyofthefloraandphytogeographyofRodhos,Simi,
TilosandtheMarmarispeninsula(SEGreece, SWTurkey). Lund.
Thissmall bulbousspeciesiswidelydistributedincentral and Ciferri,R.1944.Floraevegetazionedelleisoleitalianedell'Egeo.Atti1st. hot.
osuotuthmeorsntEoufroGpreeeacnedasnodutho-nwessetveerrnalAsoifa.thIet oAcecguersanthirsoluagnhd-s DamUbniovl.dtL,abJ.. c1r9i7t8t.ogAasmy.nPeauvmiaaSGurpipsle.b,.V&,SA.chenk. In P. H. Davis(Ed.), Flora
ofTurkeyandtheEastAegeanIslands6:65-81. Edinburgh.
(Andersson, 1991: 695). However, before its discovery in Greater, W. 1974. Floristic reportonthe Cretan area. MemsSoc. broteriana
Karpathos, itwas known in the South Aegean regiononlyon 24: 131-171.
theislandofRodos,whereithasbeenrecordedataltitudesof - Burdet, H. & Long, G. (Eds) 1984-1989. Med-Checklist. A critical
1000-1200 m on Mount Attaviros south-south-east ofEmbo- inventory ofvascularplants ofthe circum-mediterranean countries. 1, 3-4.
Geneve.
nasbyCarlstrom (1987: 119, 260), asScilla 'longistyla' Speta, Malthas,U.&Risse,H. 1984. AdditionstothefloraofCrete, 1973-1983
a mis-print ofS. longistylosa Speta, which is included within (1984)-II. Willdenowia14:269-297.
S. bifolia by Mordak (1984: 216). The plants occur in large 1985. AdditionstothefloraofCrete, 1973-1983 (1984)-III.
ninutmrbigeurisngatthatthethfiisrstcocnistpeidculoocuaslitayndonattKraalcitliivmenis,peacnidesithaiss gWriolPullpdeegne(orD,woidRae.c1a5&:ne2Rs3ao-us6s,0,.GTr.ee1c9e8)3.. TAheprvealsicmuilnaarrfylocrhaecokflitshte. KWairlpladtehnooswiiasla1n3:d
been overlooked there for so long. In the high mountains of 43-78.
Crete (Lefka Ori, Kedros, Psiloritis, Dikti and Afendis - & Raus, T. (Eds) 1981. Med-Checklist notulae 4. Willdenowia 11:
Kavousi massifs) Scilla bifolia is unknown, even under eco- 271-280.
BlSIoocngihsisutclseat.al.d&,fc.)toHhneSedlprideetrti.ao,onc(sicn=ucrlaCsunhdatiilhnooegngooCedu.nosdxceraemttoiniccaantaShBcoei(ilSslcsaKh.aulnl&iatl.niHam&enli(dSSrcc.hhluuoallctatnl..ditf5y&...) JMHaoelAEryaa.sdws,aotSkoJuA.d,re,&ggEe.VesS.auVne.oHtm.Iai1sl91ln.89ae4(8nn.E0d,d.sSsJ8c)B.:i,ell(2lFlEa1eld4voLs-ar.)2la2iI1a4En9.uL8Pr3aE..opdpeiHAyant.relb.aauDsraI5gvn:Fhil4.Tso4.r-(a4GEe5.d.E.)TuC,uratoFmiplnbao.reriVaad.egoe6fH...THuHerleksyeiwnykoiao.ndd,tNh.e
albescens Speta). Rechin1g9e4r36,.K.NeHu.e1B9e4i3tar.agFelozruaraFelgoareaa.voDnenKkrsecthar..DAeknakds.chrWi.ssA.kaWdi.enWi1s0s5.(1W).ien
105(2,1).
Typhaceae Strasser,W. 1988. West-Kreta. BotanischeStudien1987. Steffisburg. Privately
publishedbytheauthor.
Strid,A. 1986. Ranunculus L. In A. Strid (Ed.), MountainfloraofGreece 1:
Typha domingensis (Pers.) Steud. (new to the 210-225. Cambridge.
Karpathos island group- FCA: 195, 416) Turland, N. J. 1992. Studieson the Cretan flora 1. Floristic notes. Bull. Br.
Mus. nat. Hist. (Hot.)22: 159-164.
2.5 km N. ofMt Kimaras, 200 m, wet stream-bed in area of Chilton, L. & Press, J. R. 1993. Flora ofthe Cretan area: annotated
burnt Pinus brutiawoodland, 8 April 1992, C. & T. obs. Tutcihne,cklTi.stG&.,atHleasy.woLoodn,doVn..H., Burges, N. A. et al. (Eds) 1964-1980. Flora
Typha domingensis is a hygrophilous species distributed in Europaea1-5. Cambridge.
the Mediterranean region, Asia, tropical Africa and tropical
America. It occurs in Crete, growing in wateryplaces mainly
in the west ofthe island.