studies on the cave and endogean fauna of north america. iii.

202 Pages·2013·47.98 MB·English

TEXAS MEMORIAL MUSEUM
SPELEOLOGICALMONOGRAPHS
NUMBERS
STUDIES ON THE CAVE AND ENDOGEAN FAUNA
OF NORTH AMERICA. III.
Edited by
James R. Reddell and James C. Cokendolpher
January2001
TEXAS MEMORIALMUSEUM, COLLEGEOF NATURAL SCIENCES
THE UNIVERSITY OFTEXAS AT AUSTIN, 2400 TRINITY STREET,AUSTIN, TEXAS 78705
© 2001 byTexasMemorialMuseum,TheUniversityofTexasatAustin
Allrightsreserved
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
Orderfrom: TexasMemorialMuseum
TheUniversityofTexasatAuslin
2400Trinity
Austin,Texas78705
Cover: Plethodor!sp.fromSevenCave, FortHood,BellCounty,Texas
PhotographbyRobertW.Mitchell
PrintedbyMorganPrintingCo.,Austin,Texas
This volumeis dedicated to
MARCELINO REYES
and
MIKE WARTON
for theirdedication to cave biology andexploration

PREFACE
This is the third volume in a series devoted to the additional records are provided for many more.
cavernicole and endogean fauna of North America, The listing by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service in
including Mexico. A majority ofthe species described 1988 of five Texas cave arthropods and subsequent
hereinarefromTexas,butnewspeciesarealsoincluded listing oftwo additional species demonstrated that the
from Mexico and other parts ofthe United States. faunaishighlythreatenedbydevelopmentandfireants.
The only new Mexican species described in the Nine additional speciesfrom BexarCounty werelisted
present volume is a new troglobitic species in the in December2000.
arachnid orderAmblypygi. This increases the number Theneedtodefinetheranges oftheendangeredand
ofunquestioned troglobites ofthis group in Mexico to petitioned species has led not only to a significant
six. The only other paper exclusively devoted to the increase in our knowledge of the distribution and
Mexican fauna is a comprehensive review ofthe cave ecology ofthesespeciesbuthas led tothe discoveryof
fauna ofthe Xilitlaregion, one ofthe more significant manyadditionalspeciesinsomeofthebest-studiedareas
karst regions in Mexico. ofthestate.Manyofthesespeciesappeartobefarrarer
A comprehensive report on the ant fauna ofBelize (and thus presumably more endangered) than some of
and Mexico and California and Texas, U.S.A., is of the listed or petitioned species.
special interest indocumenting this neglectedgroupof TheAustin and SanAntonioMetropolitanAreasare
insects. Special attention is given to the invasion ofthe among the most rapidly growing areas in the United
imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, in the caves of States. The subsequent demand for land has already
Texas. ledtothedestructionofnumerouscavesandothershave
One paper is devoted to the reproductive behavior been saved only by the necessity to protect the
of an abundant cave cricket, Ceuthophilus endangered invertebrates inhabiting them.
carlsbadensis, inthecavesofNewMexicoand western The majority of troglobites inhabiting the caves of
Texas.Asecondpaperincludesdataonvarious aspects CentralTexashaveverylimiteddistributions,withmany
oftheecologyofentotrophsandcavecricketsinHidden known only from one or a few very nearby caves.
Cave, New Mexico. Protection of this valuable biological resource has
Themajorityofpapersinthisvolumeareconcerned become a top priority ofconservationists, cavers, and
with the taxonomy of cave invertebrates in Texas. governmental agencies.
Although the fauna ofTexas has long been known for One of the most active agencies concerned with
itsdiversity, manyareasofthe stateremain completely endangered cave fauna has been the U.S. Army. Two
unstudiedand,asthepresentvolumedemonstrates,even majormilitary bases(CampBullis inBexarandComal
well-studied areas continue to produce new species of Counties and Fort Hood in Bell and Coryell Counties)
interest. are largely situated on karst. Continuing long-term
Studies in the present volume include a report on studies have revealed a remarkably rich invertebrate
the aquatic isopod family Asellidae, with descriptions cave fauna on both installations.
ofnew stygobitic species from Texas andWashington. Asignificantpartofthepresentvolumeisconcerned
Other papers concentrate on the rich terrestrial withthefaunaofFortHood.Priortothespeciesrecorded
invertebrate fauna, with papers on pseudoscorpions, in this volume only one aquatic and two terrestrial
spiders, millipeds,groundbeetles (Carabidae), and ant troglobites were known from Fort Hood. The richness
like litter (mold) beetles (Pselaphinae). Eight new of the fauna of this area is well illustrated by the
species of pseudoscorpion, five new species of spider, description of one new troglobitic pseudoscorpion of
five new species of milliped, one new ground beetle, thegenusTartarocreagris, threenewtroglobiticspiders
and five new ant-like litter beetles are described and of the genus Cicurina, one new probable troglobitic
v
spider of the genus Neo!eptoneta, a new troglobitc havemadepossibletheconservationofmanycavesand
ground beetle of the genus Rhadine, and three new species through their taxonomic efforts.
troglobiticant-likelitterbeetlesofthegenusBatrisodes. Dr. RobertW. Mitchell is thankedfor providingthe
AdditionaltroglobitesfromFortHoodawaitdescription. cover photograph.
The present volume would not have been possible Much of the funding for studies included in this
without the assistance of numerous dedicated cave volume was obtained from various contracts with the
explorers willing to collect while conducting other City ofGeorgetown, Sun City-Texas, the Texas Parks
studies inthe caves.We especially wish to thankAndy &Wildlife Department, U.S. Army, and the U.S. Fish
Grubbs, the late Joe Ivy, Jean Krejca, Peter Sprouse, & Wildlife Service. We thank all of these for their
and George Veni for their special efforts to obtain support.
material in many parts ofthe state. Finally,wecannotstatetoostronglyourappreciation
The dedicated crew of explorers working on Fort to the following individuals for their assistance in
Hooddeservespecialthanksfortheirarduouseffortsto working on Camp Bullis and Fort Hood. Dusty Bruns
discover, open, and study the numerous caves on Fort onCampBullisandB.R.JonesonFortHoodhavebeen
Hood. We very deeply appreciate the efforts of Doug remarkably generous oftheir time and effort to locate
Allen, Lee Jay Graves, Dan Love, David McKenzie, and obtain access to caves. Tim Buchanan, John
Rodney Price, Marcelino Reyes, Charley Savvas, and Cornelius,andDennisHerbertonFortHoodhavenever
MikeWarton.Wewouldknowverylittleaboutthefauna hesitated to provide whatever assistance was needed.
of Fort Hood and many other parts of Texas without Paul Cavanaugh, with the Texas Nature Conservancy
their assistance. and ProjectDirectorfor endangered species studies on
Weexpress ourappreciationto the authors included Fort Hood, was instrumental in obtaining funding for
hereinfortheircontributions.Thesededicatedscientists the present volume from the U.S. Army.
Vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LEWIS, JULIAN J. Three new species ofsubterranean asellids from western North America,
with a synopsis ofthe species ofthe region (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae) 1
COKENDOLPHER, JAMES c., and W. DAVID SISSOM. A new troglobitic Paraphrynus
from Oaxaca, Mexico (Amblypygi: Phynidae) 17
COKENDOLPHER, JAMES c., and JAMES R. REDDELL. New and rare nesticid spiders
from Texas caves (Araneae: Nesticidae) 25
COKENDOLPHER, JAMES c., and JAMES R. REDDELL. Cave spiders (Araneae) ofFort Hood,
Texas, with descriptions of new species ofCicurina (Dictynidae) and Neoleptoneta (Leptonetidae) .......... 35
MUCHMORE, WILLIAM B. Review ofthe genus Tartarocreagris, with descriptions ofnew species
(Pseudoscorpionida: Neobisiidae) 57
SHELLEY, ROWLAND M. A synopsis ofthe milliped genus Aniulus Chamberlin (Julida:
Parajulidae: Parajulinae: Aniulini) 73
COKENDOLPHER, JAMES c., RICHARD K. LAWRENCE, and VICTORJ. POLYAK. Seasonal
and site-specific bait preferences ofcrickets and diplurans in Hidden Cave, New Mexico 95
COKENDOLPHER, JAMES C. Reproductive behaviorofCeuthophilus carlsbadensis, a cave
inhabiting camel cricket 105
REDDELL, JAMES R., and JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER.A new species oftroglobitic Rhadine
(Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Texas 109
CHANDLER, DONALD S., and JAMES R. REDDELL. A review ofthe ant-like litter beetles
found in Texas caves (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) 115
REDDELL, JAMES R., and JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
from the caves ofBelize, Mexico, and California and Texas (U.S.A.) 129
REDDELL, JAMES R. Cave fauna ofthe Xilitla Region, Queretaro and San Luis PotOSI, Mexico 155
INDEX OF NEWTAXA 191
Vll