STUDIES ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS FOR POTATO APICAL LEAF ...

91 Pages·2015·2.08 MB·English

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BBIIOOCCHHEEMMIICCAALL TTRRAAIITTSS FFOORR PPOOTTAATTOO AAPPIICCAALL
LLEEAAFF CCUURRLL VVIIRRUUSS DDIISSEEAASSEE RREESSIISSTTAANNCCEE IINN
PPOOTTAATTOO ((SSoollaannuumm ttuubbeerroossuumm LL..))

Thesis submitted to The Chaudhary Charan Singh
Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
IN
VEGETABLE SCIENCE

By
KARTHIK REDDY PANYAM
(2011A41D)

DEPARTMENT OF VEGETABLE SCIENCE
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
CCS HARYANA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
HISAR – 125 004 (HARYANA)

2015
CERTIFICATE-I

This is to certify that this thesis entitled, "Studies on morphological and
biochemical traits for potato apical leaf curl virus disease resistance in potato (Solanum
tuberosum L.)” submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of
Vegetable Science to the Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University,
Hisar is a bona-fide research work carried out by Karthik Reddy P., Admission No.
2011A41D under my supervision and that no part of the thesis has been submitted for any
other degree.
The assistance and help received during the course of investigation has been fully
acknowledged.

[Dr. K. S. Baswana]

MAJOR ADVISOR
Professor and Head,
Department of Vegetable Science
CCS Haryana Agricultural University
Hisar- 125 004, Haryana
CERTIFICATE-II

This is to certify that this thesis entitled, "Studies on morphological and biochemical
traits for potato apical leaf curl virus disease resistance in potato (Solanum tuberosum
L.)” submitted by Karthik Reddy P. to the Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana
Agricultural University, Hisar in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Vegetable Science, has been approved by the
Student's Advisory Committee after an oral examination on the same, in collaboration with an
External Examiner.

MAJOR ADVISOR

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

DEAN, POST-GRADUATE STUDIES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First, I pay my obeisance to the God Almighty for having bestowed His grace on me.
The beatitude and euphoria that accompanies successful completion of any task would be incomplete
without expression of simple certitude to the people who made it possible to achieve the goal by their
encouraging guidance and proper steering. It is still great now to recall all the faces and spirit in the form
of teachers, friends, near and dear ones.
It gives me great pleasure to humbly place on record my profound sense of gratitude, indebtedness and
heartfelt thanks to my major advisor, Dr. K.S. BASWANA, Professor and Head, Department of
Vegetable Science, for his unstinted cooperation, constant attention and meticulous guidance all through
the course of this study and preparation of manuscript. This space is inadequate to express the extent of
appreciation and thankfulness not just for his help in this work but also for his understanding and
benevolent nature as a person, that I have experienced in every interaction with him. I extend my deep
sense of reverence and gratitude to my Co-Major Advisor, Dr. M.K. RANA, Professor, Department of
Vegetable Science, for his valuable suggestions, ever encouraging and cooperative attitude that I find
myself in the position to complete my desired dissertation work.
It gives me immense pleasure in extending my sincere feelings of gratitude to the worthy members of my
advisory committee, Dr. S.K. PAHUJA, Dr. (Mrs) PUSHPA KHARB and Dr. B.S. BENIVAL (for their
valuable guidance, constant encouragement and fruitful suggestions at all stages of my research work.
I would like to put on record my sincere thankfulness to Dr. P. S. Partap, Professor, (Vegetable
Science), Dr. N. K. Sharma, Professor, (Vegetable Science), Dr. Anil Gupta (Plant Pathologist) and Dr. L.
K. Chug, Professor (Biochemistry) Dr. Samunder Singh, Senior Scientist (Agronomy) Dr. S. K. Thakral,
Associate Professor (Agronomy), Dr. S. S. Verma, Senior Scientist (Seed Science and Technology) for their
keen interest, timely advice and providing me the necessary facilities during my research programme.
My sincere thanks also invariably to department faculty members Dr. B. S. Dudi, Dr. A. K. Bhatia,
Dr. V. K. Batra, Dr. A. C. Yadav, Dr. S. K. Dhankar, and all others, office and field staff of Department
of Vegetable Science for their untiring inspiration and impeccable help rendered, which has led me on this
onerous path. My special thanks to Vegetable Science farm staff Vijender, Tiwari ji and others for their
kind help in research.
On my personal note, it is an immense pleasure to express my sincere gratitude and heartfelt respect for
the blessings, moral support, and affectionate love of my parents Sri. P. Ramakrishna Reddy and Smt. P.
Lakshmi Devi and my lovely brother Dinesh along with all my family members and relations for their
boundless love, needy inspiration, unshakable confidence in me, without whose affection I would not have
come up to this level.
I am especially thankful to my dearest friend Pavan for his invariable support, love, encouragement
and care during my study as well as critical periods of my life.
Friends are invaluable treasurers indeed who rendered their precious help, constant support and
encouragement. I take this opportunity to extend my gratitude to my pals Prashanth, Varun, Thippa,
Harish, Jinus, Jagdeep, Rajanna, Vijay, Abhinav, Vipin, Narendra, Kranthi, Lalu, Anikhet as well as my
senior friends Vivek Hegde, Kumarnag and my junior friends Mamatha, Manoj, Tareeq, Pandey, Naval,
Navjyot, Praveen, Sriharsha, Shivaprasad, Shivakumar, Sachin, Pradeep, Basavaraj, Lingaraj, Daniel and
I would also thank all my childhood, UG, PG and Ph.D. friends for their cultural and friendly attachment
during the period of my study. I am also greatly thankful to CCS HAU, Hisar for extending me this
opportunity and facilities to pursue my Ph.D degree programme.
I sincerely acknowledge Indian Council for Agricultural Research, New Delhi for awarding Senior
Research Fellowship. Lastly, I would like to convey my wholehearted thanks to all my well-wishers, who
assisted and supported me directly or indirectly. Although, many of have not been mentioned, none is
forgotten.

Hisar (KARTHIK REDDY, P.)
Februaury, 2015
CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
I INTRODUCTION 1-3
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4-14
III MATERIAL AND METHODS 15-24
IV EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 25-63
V DISCUSSION 64-71
VI SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 72-74
REFERENCES i-vi
APPENDIX I
LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page
No. No.
1. PALCVD incidence (%) and yield per plant (g) of potato germplasm lines 25

2. Disease reaction of potato genotypes screened against PALCVD during Rabi 33
season of 2012-13

3. Analysis of variance for different characters in potato 34

4. Mean values for different plant growth parameters of potato genotypes 38

5. Mean values for different plant growth parameters of potato genotypes 40

6. Mean values for different plant growth parameters of potato genotypes 41

7. Mean values for per cent total tuber weight loss during storage of potato 48
genotypes
8. Mean values of whitefly population and disease incidence in potato 50
genotypes
9. Mean values for biochemical parameters of different potato genotypes 52

10. Genetic parameters for different characters in 22 potato genotypes 53

11. Genotypic (below diagonal) and phenotypic correlation (above diagonal) 60
coefficients for yield and yield attributing characters in potato

12. Genotypic (below diagonal) and phenotypic correlation (above diagonal) 61
coefficients of different characters for PALCVD incidence in potato

13. Path coefficient analysis direct (diagonal) and indirect (off- diagonal) for 62
different characters for marketable yield in potato

14. Path coefficient analysis direct (diagonal) and indirect (off- diagonal ) of 63
different characters for disease incidence in potato
LIST OF PLATES
Plate No. Title Page No.
1 Screening of potato germplasm during rabi season of 2012-13 31

2 Screening of potato germplasm during rabi season of 2013-14 31

3 Stomatal count in Kufri Bahar 43

4 Stomatal count in Kufri Khyati 43

5 Leaf trichome count using digital microscope in Kufri Bahar 44

6 Leaf trichome count using digital microscope in Kufri Khyati 44

7 PALCVD resistant variety Kufri Bahar 45

8 PALCVD infected variety Kufri Khyati 45
CCHHAAPPTTEERR--II
IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops and is
consumed by over a billion of people globally since it is a good source of carbohydrates, high
quality protein, minerals and vitamins and has been declared as food for the future. Potato
ranks third among food crops after rice and wheat in the world as well as in India from human
consumption point of view. Potato belonging to solanaceae family is one of the most
important vegetable crops grown in India. Potato has been originated from the Andes of Peru
and Bolivia in South America where it is found growing wild and the widest diversity of
forms, i.e., tuber size, shape, colour and taste, are present. Potato, also known as white or Irish
potato, is an annual herbaceous plant and the edible part is an underground modified-stem. It
can be grown under a wide range of climatic conditions with wide flexibility in planting and
harvesting time. It is a good source of carbohydrates and is used as staple food in many parts
of the world. India is the 3rd largest producer of potato in the world after China and Russia
and during 2012-13 occupied an area of 19.92 lakh hectares with a production of 45.34
million tonnes (Anonymous, 2013a).
In India, potato ranks first in area and production among vegetable crops. The major
potato producing states are Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Gujrat, Punjab, Assam,
Karnataka, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh. Potato is also an important vegetable crop of
Haryana. It occupies a premier position in both area and production in the state, which ranks
first in production and second in area among vegetable crops. In 2012-13, the area and
production of potato were 29,470 hectares and 6,76,020 tonnes, respectively (Anonymous,
2013 b). The productivity of potato crop in the state is lower (22.90 t/ha) than the potential
yield. There are number of factors, which play an important role in deciding the productivity
and quality of potato tubers, and among them, disease is one of the most important factors.
Potato crop is attacked by many diseases, of which, viral diseases are the most devastating. In
Haryana state, the sporadic incidence of potato apical leaf curl virus disease was observed for
the first time during December 1996 in early October sown potato crop at Hisar and
subsequently it spread to other parts of the state. Potato apical leaf curl virus disease is
caused by Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV). It is a tuber borne begomovirus
disease transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and has emerged as a serious threat to potato
production in Haryana. The disease causes marked reduction in yield and also brings about
senility in susceptible potato cultivars. Potato cultivars show faster degeneration when the
same seed stock is repeatedly planted under high vector population conditions. Severe yield
losses due to this disease have been reported in potato (Lakra, 2002, 2003a and 2003b).
Further, the fast spread of this disease under high vector population has been noticed in early
1
sown susceptible varieties of potato. There is very high population of whitefly in early
October planted crop, which leads to high incidence of leaf-curl symptoms and it decreases
gradually in November and December months when the temperature drops. Obviously, heavy
losses caused by this disease drew attention of scientists and workers dealing with the crop
towards its control measures. The indiscriminate use of insecticide results in not only
environmental pollutions but is also responsible for so many health hazards. Further, the
insects have developed resistance to certain insecticides. Therefore, to raise a disease free
crop of potato, the only alternative lies in breeding disease resistant varieties. The genetic
resistance is more safe, stable and economical in comparison to pesticide use. The pre-
requisite for the development of disease resistant varieties is the availability of efficient and
reliable screening techniques to identify the resistant sources. Limited work has been done on
the evaluation of field resistance and biochemical aspects of potato against potato apical leaf-
curl virus disease; therefore, research is validated on this aspect to accelerate the pace of
breeding programme.
The morphological and biochemical attributes, which act as a defense mechanism in
the host plant against insects and diseases, are also of considerable importance. The
morphological traits and biochemical reactions leading to susceptibility or resistance can be
helpful in the screening of germplasm at early stage against potato apical leaf-curl virus
disease in potato. Therefore, in view of the importance of crop and disease, the present
investigation has been framed.
The success of any breeding programme solely depends on the magnitude and type of
variability present in the genetic stock in respect of yield and its component characters.
Variation, which is heritable or genetic, is of great importance from selection point of view.
Heritability is an important parameter to assess the extent of heritable portion of variability.
Similarly, the genetic advance is equally important parameter that predicts the extent of
advancement that would be forth coming through imposing particular selection intensity.
The knowledge about the association of characters, particularly with yield and disease
resistance is an important pre-requisite for launching any selection-breeding programme.
These are the parameters, which decide the size of the population to be carried forward in
order to have desirable characters together. This will also be helpful in identifying the
characters associated with potato apical leaf-curl virus disease. Further, path coefficient
analysis provides the exact information about yield attributes, which may have direct or
indirect contribution towards yield.

2
Keeping in view the problems in the state, the present study “Studies on
morphological and biochemical traits for potato apical leaf curl virus disease resistance in
potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)” was planned and executed during winter (Rabi) season of
2012-13 and 2013-14 with the following objectives:
1. To screen and identify the potato lines resistant to potato apical leaf curl virus
disease
2. To find out the morphological and biochemical basis of resistance to potato apical
leaf curl virus disease
3