Studies on Men's Health and Fertility

672 Pages·2012·0.32 MB·English

by  Geoffry N. De Iuliis PhD

Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research
and Clinical Practice
Series Editor
Donald Armstrong
For further volumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/8145

Ashok Agarwal R. John Aitken
●
Juan G. Alvarez
Editors
Studies on Men’s
Health and Fertility
Editors
Ashok Agarwal, PhD R. John Aitken, PhD, ScD
Center for Reproductive Medicine Department of Biological Sciences
Cleveland Clinic University of Newcastle
Lerner College of Medicine Callaghan, NSW, Australia
Cleveland, OH, USA
Juan G. Alvarez, MD, PhD
Department of Male Infertility
Centro Androgen, La Coruña
La Coruña, Spain
ISBN 978-1-61779-775-0 e-ISBN 978-1-61779-776-7
DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-776-7
Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2012933783
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
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We dedicate this book to the late
Professor Thaddeus Mann FRS,
University of Cambridge, and
Professor Bayard Storey,
Emeritus Professor of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania,
who pioneered our understanding
of reactive oxygen species and
oxidative stress in the control
of mammalian sperm function.

Foreword
Oxidative stress is a universal phenomenon of aerobic life, you cannot escape it, nor should
you wish to [1].
In the early days of research in the fi eld, oxygen radicals and other “reactive oxygen/
nitrogen species” (RONS) were universally thought of as deleterious molecules that
must be eliminated at all costs by high levels of endogenous or exogenous antioxi-
dants. Indeed, at high levels they a re deleterious, e.g. to spermatozoa, other parts of
the reproductive system and indeed to all cells and tissues. Sperm must be protected
by their own antioxidants and by those in the bodily secretions surrounding them. Yet
we now realise that RONS play key physiological roles, helping us to adapt to stress,
defending us against infection and regulating physiological/pathological processes
such as signal transduction and the intensity of infl ammation [2–5].
The reproductive system is a beautiful example of all these principles. RONS at
the correct level help to modulate uterine function, ovulation, the progress (or fail-
ure) of pregnancy and the behaviour of sperm, e.g. in response to infl ammation in the
surrounding tissues or even to electromagnetic radiation. Sperm generate reactive
oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria and by NADPH oxidase enzymes and these
ROS may regulate sperm function (e.g. capacitation). Yet ROS can also damage
sperm, e.g. during storage or handling procedures for in vitro fertilisation or during
thermal stress. The highly polyunsaturated sperm lipids are a particular target.
T his book “Studies on Men’s Health and Fertility” is therefore extremely timely.
Edited by three experts who have contributed enormously to the fi eld, Ashok Agarwal,
Juan Alvarez and Robert John Aitken, it examines all aspects of the roles of RONS
in male fertility/infertility and semen quality; as well as their role in other conditions
such as testicular torsion, variococele and erectile dysfunction. Each chapter is well
written, carefully edited and appropriately referenced. I learned a great deal from
reading this book, and I am sure that you the reader will do so as well.
I recommend it strongly.
Singapore Barry Halliwell
vii
viii Foreword
References
1. Halliwell B. Reactive species and antioxidants. Redox biology is a fundamental theme of aerobic
life. Plant Physiol. 2006;141:312–22.
2. Woo Ha, Yim SH, Shin DH, Kang D, Yu DY, Rhee SG. Inactivation of peroxiredoxin I by phos-
phorylation allows localized H O accumulation for cell signaling. Cell. 2010;
2 2
140:517–28.
3. Halliwell B. Free radicals and antioxidants: quo vadis? Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2011;
32:125–30.
4. Hultqvist M, Olsson LM, Gelderman KA, Holmdahl R. The protective role of ROS in autoim-
mune disease. Trends Immunol. 2009;30:201–8.
5. Lee K, Won HY, Bae MA, Hong JH, Hwang ES. Spontaneous and aging-dependent develop-
ment of arthritis in NADPH oxidase 2 defi ciency through altered differentiation of CD11b+ and
Th/Treg cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108:9548–53.
Contents
Part I Basic Research
1 Electromagnetic Radiation and Oxidative Stress
in the Male Germ Line .......................................................................... 3
Geoffry N. De Iuliis, Bruce V. King, and R. John Aitken
2 Mitochondria as a Source of ROS
in Mammalian Spermatozoa ................................................................. 21
Adam John Koppers
3 Cryostorage and Oxidative Stress
in Mammalian Spermatozoa ................................................................. 41
Stuart A. Meyers
4 Sperm Capacitation as an Oxidative Event ......................................... 57
Eve de Lamirande and Cristian O’Flaherty
5 Protection of Epididymal Spermatozoa
from Oxidative Stress ............................................................................ 95
Joël R. Drevet
6 Lipid Peroxidation in Human Spermatozoa ........................................ 119
Juan G. Alvarez and R. John Aitken
7 Age and Oxidative Stress in the Germ Line ........................................ 131
Bernard Robaire, Catriona Paul, and Johanna Selvaratnam
8 Heat and Oxidative Stress in the Germ Line ....................................... 149
Koji Shiraishi
9 Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in the Germ Line .............................. 179
Monika Fraczek, Anna Czernikiewicz, and Maciej Kurpisz
ix
x Contents
10 Metabolic Strategy in Mammalian Spermatozoa
and Oxidative Stress .............................................................................. 207
Juan G. Alvarez
11 Role of Protamine Disulphide Cross-Linking
in Counteracting Oxidative Damage to DNA ...................................... 221
Juan G. Alvarez and Jaime Gosalvez
12 Role of Caspase, PARP, and Oxidative Stress
in Male Infertility ................................................................................... 237
Tamer M. Said and Fariba Khosravi
Part II Clinical Practice
13 Methods for the Detection of ROS in Human
Sperm Samples ....................................................................................... 257
David Benjamin, Rakesh K. Sharma, Arozia Moazzam,
and Ashok Agarwal
14 Direct Methods for the Detection of Reactive
Oxygen Species in Human Semen Samples ......................................... 275
R. John Aitken, Geoffry N. De Iuliis, and Mark A. Baker
15 ROS and Semen Quality ........................................................................ 301
Ralf Henkel
16 Oxidative Stress and Male Infertility: A Clinical Perspective ........... 325
Kelton Tremellen
17 Oxidative Stress and Testicular Torsion .............................................. 355
Dikmen Dokmeci
18 Varicocele and Oxidative Stress ............................................................ 399
Armand Zini and Naif Al-hathal
19 Recreational Drugs and ROS Production
in Mammalian Spermatozoa ................................................................. 417
Fábio Firmbach Pasqualotto and Eleonora Bedin Pasqualotto
20 Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Apoptosis
in Male Infertility ................................................................................... 433
Tamer M. Said, Constanze Fischer-Hammadeh,
Mohammed Hamad, Khaled Refaat, and Mohamad Hammadeh
21 Effect of Oxidative Stress on ART Outcome ....................................... 449
Mohamad Eid Hammadeh, Mohammed Hamad,
Khaled Refaat, Tamer Said, and Constanze Fischer-Hammadeh