STUDIES ON ANTHRACNOSE AND FRUIT ROT OF CHILLI CAUSED BY Colletotrichum capsici ...

139 Pages·2013·2.44 MB·English

“STUDIES ON ANTHRACNOSE AND
FRUIT ROT OF CHILLI CAUSED BY
Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler and Bisby”

M.Sc. (Ag) THESIS

By

Anil Kumar Kashyap

DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
INDIRA GANDHI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
RAIPUR (C.G.)
2006
“STUDIES ON ANTHRACNOSE AND
FRUIT ROT OF CHILLI CAUSED BY
Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler and Bisby”

Thesis

Submitted to the

Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur

By

Anil Kumar Kashyap

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
DEGREE OF

MASTER OF SCIENCE

In
Agriculture
(PLANT PATHOLOGY)

Roll No. 6081 ID No. UG/AG/2000/07
SEPTEMBER, 2006
CERTIFICATE – I

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “STUDIES ON
ANTHRACNOSE AND FRUIT ROT OF CHILLI CAUSED BY
Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler and Bisby”, submitted in partial
fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of “MASTER OF
SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE” of the Indira Gandhi Agricultural
University, Raipur (C.G.), is a record of the bonafide research work
carried out by Shri ANIL KUMAR KASHYAP under my guidance and
supervision. The subject of the thesis has been approved by Student's
Advisory Committee and the Director of Instructions.
No part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or
diploma (certificate awarded etc.) or has been published/ published part
has been fully acknowledged. All the assistance and help received during
the course of the investigations have been duly acknowledged by him.

Date: Chairman
Advisory Committee

THESIS APPROVED BY THE STUDENT’S ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Chairman Dr. P. K. Tiwari ______________________
Member Dr. G. K. Awadhiya ______________________
Member Dr. C. P. Khare ______________________
Member Dr. J. Singh ______________________
Member Dr. (Smt.) G. Chandrakar ______________________
CERTIFICATE – II

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “STUDIES ON
ANTHRACNOSE AND FRUIT ROT OF CHILLI CAUSED BY
Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler and Bisby”, submitted by
Shri ANIL KUMAR KASHYAP to the Indira Gandhi Agricultural
University, Raipur in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
of M.Sc. (Ag.) in the DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY has
been approved by the Student's Advisory Committee after oral
examination in collaboration with the external examiner.

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

Major Advisor ________________

Head of the Department ________________

Dean Faculty ________________

Director of Instructions ________________
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I avail this unique opportunity to express my immeasurable gratitude
and reverence to Chairman of my Advisory Committee, Dr. P. K. Tiwari,
Assoc. Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, for his enduring interest,
illuminating guidance, unfailing encouragement, inspiring suggestions,
constant supervision, sympathetic attitude, constructive criticism coupled
with compassion and patience in leading any path to achieve the destination
during the entire move.
I express my sincere regards and heartfelt gratitude to
Dr. G. K. Awadhiya, Senior Scientist, member of my Advisory Committee and
Dr. K. P. Verma, Senior Scientist, Department of Plant Pathology, for their
inspiring guidance, valuable suggestions and liberal help during the course
of investigation.
I am extremely thankful to Dr. M. P. Thakur, Professor and Head,
Department of Plant Pathology, IGAU, Raipur for his valuable guidance and
providing all necessary facilities during the course of study.
With most benevolence, I extent my heartiest thanks to members of my
advisory committee, Dr. C. P. Khare, Senior Scientist, Department of Plant
Pathology, Dr. Jitendra Singh, Senior Scientist, Department of Horticulture,
Dr. (Smt.) G. Chandrakar, Assoc. Professor, Deptt. of Statistics, Mathematics
and Computer Science, for their valuable advice, erudite suggestions, timely
help and regular encouragement in completing this research programme.
I wish to record my sincere thanks to Hon’ble Vice Chancellor
Dr. C. R. Hazra, Dr. A.S.R.A.S. Sastri, Director of Research Services,
Dr. B. S. Thakur, Dean, College of Agriculture, Dr. R. B. Sharma, Director of
Extension Services, IGAU, Raipur for providing necessary facilities in
successful conduction of this research work.
With great reverence I am highly obliged to Dr. V. S. Trimurthy,
Director of Instructions for his unstinted attention, prudent suggestions,
arduous guidance during the course of investigation.
It is great pleasure to extend profuse thanks to Dr. R. K. Dantre,
Dr. N. Khare, Shri S. S. Chandrawanshi, Dr. N. Lakpale, Dr. C. S. Shukla,
Department of Plant Pathology, for their encouragement and constant help
throughout course of my studies.
I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr. (Capt.) G. K.
Shrivastav and Dr. N. K. Choubey, Assoc. Prof., Deptt. of Agronomy,
Dr. A. K. Dubey, Assoc. Prof., Deptt. of Entomology for their moral support
and constant encouragement.
I extent my thanks to Shri S. R. Tikariha, Shri B.L. Sinha, Shri A.R.
Sahu, Shri B.R. Sahu, Kashyap Bhaiya, Shri Ramadhar Bhaiya, Shri Santu,
Ramji, Patel, Lalsay, Narain, Pyare, Babloo who were always ready to
provide me help in this study.
I am deeply privileged to express cordially thanks to my everlasting
friends Aish, Deepak, Loku, KhoobChand, Hemant, Anjeet, Ganesh, Sandeep,
Ashutosh, Rakesh, Praveen, Sudhanshu, Amit, Mahendra, Bharti, Veena,
Maumita, Rajkumar, Anshu. They always provided me inner strength and
guided me during my entire academic career, which made my path easier.
I feel especially indebted to my seniors Vijay Yadav sir, Toorray sir,
Alok Sinha sir, Sajid sir, Abhinav sir, Amit shukla sir, Javed sir, Sharma sir,
Soni sir, Bopche sir, Mangleshwar sir, Ugresh sir, Shrishti madam, Ritu
madam, Nareti sir, Tanwar sir, Rajwade sir for giving me their helping hand,
affection and encouragement during course of investigation. I am especially
thankful to my honey juniors Janmejai, Devchand, Manjusha, Ashulata,
Chandramani, Barpete, Dhruw, Ajay Jaisawal, Jitendra, Dewangan,
Shahista, Sakshi, Anushri, for helping me and giving me good company
during my study.
Last but not least, there are not enough words to express my heartful
gratitude to my beloved parents Shri Amrit Lal Kashyap and Smt. Kirtan
Kashyap, my loving brother Sunil, Shri Chandrabhan Fufaji and Satrupa didi
for their obstinate sacrifice, sincere prayers, filial affections, expectations
and blessings which have always been the most vital source of inspiration
and motivation in my life.
There are many friends and well wishers from my schooling days
onwards, who helped me in various ways towards the present study and they
deserve my sincere thanks. I would like to convey my cordial thanks to all
those unmentioned persons, who helped me directly or indirectly to fulfil my
dream.
Above all, I would like to pay eternal gratitude to the almighty “God”
the most beneficent and merciful, for all his love and blessings upon me to
reach the acme of success.

Department of Plant Pathology, Anil Kumar Kashyap
College of Agriculture,
IGAU, Raipur (C.G.).
CONTENTS

CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE

I INTRODUCTION

II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Studies on symptomatology of Colletotrichum capsici
2.1.1 Symptoms on seedlings
2.1.2 Symptoms on plants
2.1.3 Symptoms on leaves
2.1.4 Symptoms on fruits
2.2 Studies on morphological and cultural characters of C.
capsici
2.3 Studies on pathogenicity of C. capsici
2.4 Studies on different broth media on fungal biomass of
C. capsici
2.5 Studies on culture filtrates of C. capsici on fruits and
seeds
2.6 Effect of temperatures and pH levels on C. capsici
2.7 Studies on bio-agents against C. capsici
2.8 Studies on plant products / extracts against C. capsici
2.9 Studies on different fungicides against C. capsici
2.10 Screening of different genotypes of chilli against
C. capsici
2.11 Studies on survival of Pseudomonas fluorescens with
different substrates

III MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Experimental site
3.2 Geographical situation
3.3 Climate
3.4 Soil of the experimental field
3.5 Materials
3.5.1 Equipments
3.5.2 Media
3.6 Sources of materials
3.6.1 Test varieties
3.6.2 Bio-agents
3.6.3 Medicinal plants/ plant products
3.6.4 Fungicides
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE
3.7 Methods
3.7.1 Cleaning and sterilization
3.7.2 Collection of disease samples
3.7.3 Isolation and purification
3.8 Pathogenicity test
3.8.1.1 Attached method with injury
3.8.1.2 Attached method without injury
3.8.2.1 Detached method with injury
3.8.2.1.1 Pin prick method
3.8.2.1.2 Scarification method
3.8.2.1.3 Cut method
3.8.2.1.4 Open cut method
3.8.2.2 Detached method without injury
3.9 Morphological study
3.10 Effect of different broth media on growth and sporulation
of C. capsici
3.11 Effect of metabolites of C. capsici
3.11.1 Effect on fruits
3.11.2 Effect on seeds
3.12 Effect of temperatures on growth and sporulation and
efficacy of C. capsici
3.12.1 Effect of different temperatures on growth and
sporulation
3.12.2 Effect of temperatures on development of fruit rot
3.13 Effect of different pH on mycelial growth and
sporulation of C. capsici
3.14 Antagonistic ability of different bio-agents against C.
capsici
3.14.1 Efficacy of P. fluorescens by dual culture test
3.14.2 Efficacy of Trichoderma spp. by dual culture
3.15 Effect of different neem based plant products and plant
extracts against C. capsici
3.15.1 Effect of neem based plant products
3.15.2 Effect of medicinal plant extracts
3.16 Efficacy of fungicides on growth and sporulation of C.
capsici and fruit rot of chilli
3.16.1 Efficacy of fungicides on growth and sporulation
3.16.2 Efficacy of fungicides against fruit rot of chilli
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE
3.17 Screening of different chilli genotypes against C.
capsici under field and invitro condition
3.17.1 Screening of chilli genotypes under field condition
3.17.2 Screening of chilli genotypes under in vitro condition
3.18 Studies on survival of P. fluorescens on different
substrates
3.19 Observations

IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Isolation of C. capsici
4.2 Symptomatological studies
4.2.1 Die- back
4.2.2 Fruit rot
4.3 Morphological and cultural studies
4.4 Pathogenicity test
4.4.1 Attached method
4.4.2 Detached method
4.5 Influence of different broth media on growth and
sporulation of C. capsici
4.6 Effect of metabolites of C. capsici on rotting of fruits
and seed germination
4.6.1 Effect of metabolites of C. capsici on rotting of fruits
4.6.2 Effect of metabolites of C. capsici on seed germination
4.7 Effect of different temperatures on growth and efficacy
of C. capsici
4.7.1 Effect of different temperatures on growth and
sporulation
4.7.2 Effect of temperatures on development of fruit rot
4.8 Effect of pH on growth and sporulation of C. capsici
4.9 Efficacy of different bio-agents against C. capsici under
in vitro condition
4.9.1 Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens
4.9.2 Efficacy of Trichoderma isolates against C. capsici
4.10 Efficacy of neem based plant products and plant
extracts against C. capsici under in vitro condition
4.10.1 Efficacy of neem based plant products
4.10.2 Efficacy of plant extracts
4.11 Efficacy of different fungicides against C. capsici
4.11.1 Efficacy of fungicides on growth and sporulation of C.
capsici under in vitro condition
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE
4.11.2 Efficacy of fungicides on fruit rot of chilli under in vitro
condition
4.12 Evaluation of chilli genotypes against fruit rot of chilli
4.12.1 Evaluation of chilli genotypes under in vitro condition
4.12.2 Evaluation of chilli genotypes under in vivo condition
4.13 Influence of substrates on population of Pseudomonas
fluorescens

V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND
SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE WORK

ABSTRACT

REFERENCES

APPENDIX