STUDIES OF NEOTROPICAL CADDISFLIES. LVI: DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS METRICHIA ROSS (TRICHOPTERA: HYDROPTILIDAE) FROM PAKITZA, PERU, WITH A CHECKLIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE DESCRIBED SPECIES OF THE GENUS

8 Pages·1998·2.3 MB·

by  O S Flint

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
100(3), 1998. pp. 489-496
STUDIES OF NEOTROPICAL CADDISFLIES LVI: DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE
NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS METRICHIA ROSS (TRICHOPTERA:
HYDROPTILIDAE) FROM PAKITZA, PERU, WITH A CHECKLIST AND
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE DESCRIBED SPECIES OF THE GENUS
Oliver S. Flint, Jr. and Joaquin Bueno-Soria
(OSF) Department of Entomology, MRC 105, National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, U.S.A.; (JBS) Instituto de Biologi'a,
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apdo. Postal 70-153, Mexico 04510, D.F.,
Mexico.
—
Abstract. Five new species ofthe genus Metrichia from Peru are described, diagnosed
and figured: M. pakitza, M. diosa, M. madre, M. adamsae, and M. helenae. Full generic
status for Metrichia is accepted, the 58 described species are listed with their authors,
date of publication and known distribution, and a bibliography presented for the papers
in which the species were described or new country records given.
Key Words: Metrichia. Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae, species list, bibliography, new spe-
cies, Peru
The genus Metrichia has a wide distri- cal morphology of the larval stage. Subge-
bution in the New World, being found from neric status has been followed by various
the southwestern United States south to authors at various times, most notably by
central Chile and Argentina and all the larg- Marshall (1979) in her reclassification of
er Antillean islands. There seems to be a the family, and not by others (Blickle and
tendency for the species to breed in small, Denning 1977, give cogent reasons). Mar-
tumbling streams, cascades and springs. shall (1979) placed Metrichia. as a subge-
Adults are most frequently taken by sweep- nus, in the subfamily Hydroptilinae but cre-
ing near the larval site, but a Malaise trap ated the tribe Ochrotrichiini in which she
at the same site will often produce large included only the New World genera Och-
numbers. They are not commonly attracted rotrichia sensu stricto, Metrichia and Rhy-
acopsyche. Wiggins (1996) introduced sev-
to lights at night, but now and then a few
eral characteristics believed to distinguish
specimens will show up. As a consequence
the larvae of the two subgenera, and then
of this restriction of habitat and retiring
recognized both at the full generic level.
habits, a true understanding of their diver- Although some recent larval collections are
sity is only slowly emerging. difficult to place generically, we follow
The genus was erected by Ross in 1938 Wiggins" lead in this paper and recognize
for the Texan species, Orthotrichia nigritta the genus Metrichia as an independent ge-
Banks. However, Flint in 1968a reduced nus. Jacquemart (1963) created the genus
Metrichia to the status of subgenus in Och- Argentitrichia for the single species A. hiil-
rotrichia due to the morphology ofthe head bosa Jacquemart, 1963. Marshall (1979)
and thorax, spur count, structure ofthe male correctly synonymized Argentitrichia with
genitalia and especially on the near identi- Metrichia; the species, however, is valid.
490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
The first sketchy description ofMetrichia disparilis (Flint 1983) Argentina
larvae was for the type species by Edwards espera Botosaneanu 1980 Cuba
& Arnold (1961). The next description, excisa (Kumanski 1987) Cuba
somewhat more complete, was of the Puer- exclamationis (Flint 1968b) Dominica,
. . .
to Rican M. jiiana (Flint) (as Ochrotrichia Guadeloupe
juana. Flint 1964). Wiggins (1996) gave the favus (Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu & Al-
most complete description with figures of kins 1993) Trinidad
M. iiigritta, together with a differential ge- fontismoreaui (Botosaneanu 1991) Do-
. .
neric diagnosis. Botosaneanu & Flint minican Republic, Haiti
(1982) reported on some larval morphology geminata (Flint 1996a) Tobago, Trinidad
and showed interesting variation in larval helenae Flint & Bueno, herein Peru
case structure with the development ofdor- juana (Flint 1964) Puerto Rico
sal silken tubes, but all from unknown spe- kitmanskii (Botosaneanu 1991) .... Haiti
cies in the genus. Nothing is reported on lacuna (Bueno 1983) Mexico
larval food habits. lemiscata (Flint 1972) Panama
Because the number of described species lenophora (Flint 1991) Colombia
has increased rapidly in recent years, and macrophallata (Flint 1991) ... Colombia
their descriptions are widely scattered in the madre Flint & Bueno. herein Peru
literature, we present the following check- madicola (Botosaneanu 1994) Guade-
. . .
list with known distributions. A few refer- loupe
ences are given in the Literature Cited malada (Flint 1991) Colombia, Peru
which are not cited in the text; they contain munieca Botosaneanu 1977 Cuba
published records for a species from a neotropicalis Schmid 1958 .... Argentina,
country that is not otherwise recorded. Chile, Peru
&
nigritta (Banks 1907, volada Blickle
aberrans (Flint 1972) Mexico Denning 1977, synonymy by Moulton,
adamsae Flint & Bueno, herein .... Peru Stewart & Young 1994) El Salvador,
. .
anisoscola (Flint 1991) Colombia Mexico, USA
araguensis (Flint 1981) Venezuela pakitza Flint & Bueno, herein Peru
arenifera (Flint 1980) Peru patagonica (Flint 1983) Argentina,
argentinica Schmid 1958 Argentina Chile
arizonensis (Flint 1972) USA penicillata (Flint 1972) Guatemala
avon (Bueno 1983) Mexico platigona (Botosaneanu, in Botosaneanu &
bidentata (Flint 1983) . . Argentina, Chile Alkins 1993) . . Tobago, Trinidad, Vene-
biungulata (Flint 1972) Panama zuela
bolo (Flint 1991 ) Colombia protrudens (Flint 1991) Colombia
bulbosa (Jacquemart 1963) . . . Argentina quadrata (Flint 1972) Mexico
cafetalera Botosaneanu 1980 . . Cuba, Do- rawlinsi (Flint & Sykora 1993) . . Domini-
minican Republic ca
campcma (Flint 1968b) Dominica riva (Bueno 1983) Mexico
carbetma (Botosaneanu 1994) . . . Guade- rona (Flint 1991) Colombia
loupe sacculifera (Flint 1991) Colombia
ceer (Flint 1992) Puerto Rico similis (Flint 1968b) Dominica, Guade-
. .
continentalis (Flint 1972) Panama loupe
&
cuenca (Harper Turcotte 1985) Ecua- squamigera (Flint 1992) .... Puerto Rico
. .
dor thirysae Jacquemart 1980 Chile
ciispidata (Flint 1991) Colombia trigonella (Flint 1972) Honduras,
dietzi (Flint 1974) .... Guyana, Surinam Mexico
diosa Flint & Bueno, herein Peru trispinosa (Bueno 1977) Mexico
VOLUME 100, NUMBER 3 491
warema (Flint 1974) Surinam antennae in M. pakitza are unmodified, the
yuUa (Flint 1968a) Jamaica segments being short and terete, and the
clasper bearing a small apicoventral angle.
The following five new species do not, Adult.—Length of forewing, 1 mm. Col-
on the whole, fit well into the species or in alcohol, brown. Male antenna very
groups proposed by Flint (1972), nor do
short, hardly as long as width of head, of
many of the other species described in re- 17 segments, all short and cylindrical. Male
cent years. It is apparent that a completely abdomen lacking apparent modifications.
new approach to defining monophyletic
Male genitalia: Ninth segment in lateral as-
groups will have to be taken, but with so
pect one and one-half times longer than
many species yet to be made known such a
high; posterior margin nearly vertical, an-
study is still premature. The five species de- terior margin narrowed and slightly pro-
scribed here are all rather atypical of the duced anteriad. Cercus in lateral view
genus in the structure of their abdomens.
thumblike. Tenth tergum lightly sclerotized,
Most species have various sacs, pockets,
hoodlike. Dorsolateral hook in dorsal view,
and hair brushes on their abdomens. Only apex hooked laterad; in lateral view with
M. heleiuie of the Pakitza species clearly
apical portion curved sharply ventrad. In-
bears hair brushes. However, such brushes
ferior appendages in lateral view broad ba-
are easily removed from the abdomen dur-
sally, dorsal margin slightly sinuate, ending
ing clearing and could have been lost from
in an apicodorsal point, posterior margin
the other species, and small pockets be-
concave with a smaller posteroventral an-
tween segments are difficult to see with ma- gle. Phallus with two curved hooks arising
terial in the best of condition, which most
at different levels of the apical portion,
of these examples are not. The wings of all apicalmost hook shorter, midway between
specimens are completely denuded, thereby
preapical hook and tip, preapical hook lon-
breenadrersipnecgiaitliizmepdospsaitbclheestoofassccearlteasinonifthaeniyr gerMaatnedriaslt.ra—ighHtoliontydpores,al6.viePwE.RU: Madre
wings. The apex of the phallus of the
de Dios: Manu, Pakitza, 12°7'S, 70°58'W,
unique specimen recorded as Ochrotrichia
250 m. Trail 2, 1st Stream, 14-23 Septem-
(M.) n. sp. 1 (Flint 1996b: 399) has been ber 1988, O. Flint & N. Adams, Malaise
lost, rendering this specimen unfit for de- trap, night col—lection (NMNH).
scription. Etymology. Named for the locality in
The types of these species are presently
Peru where the species was collected.
held in trust at the National Museum of
Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Metrichia diosa Flint and Bueno,
for ultimate deposition at the Museo de His- new species
toria Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor (Figs. 4-6)
de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
Ochrotrichia (M.) n. sp. 4, Flint 1996b:
Metrichia pakitza Flint and Bueno, 399.
new species
(Figs. 1-3) This species is very closely related to M.
pakitza, n. sp., being reliably distinguished
Ochrotrichia (M.) n. sp. 2, Flint 1996b: by the presence ofmuch compressed anten-
399.
nal segments and the lack of the apico-
This species is not closely related to oth- ventral a—ngle on the inferior appendages.
er described species, only the following, M. Adult. Length of forewing, 2 mm. Col-
diosa, n. sp., being clearly related. Indeed, or in alcohol, brown. Male antenna of 17
in most parts of the genitalia the two spe- segments; segments 5-13 much com-
cies appear nearly identical. However, the pressed, about twice as high as long. Male
492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Figs. 1-6. Metrkhiu. 1-3. M. piikilza. 1, Male genitalia, lateral. 2, Same, dorsal. 3, Inferior appendage,
ventral. 4-6, M. diosa. 4, Male genitalia, dorsal. 5, Same, lateral. 6, Inferior appendage, ventral.
abdomen without apparent modifications. lateral view, longer than high, with the
Male genitalia: Ninth segment in lateral as- apicodorsal portion produced and angulate;
pect about one and one-half times as long in ventral aspect, with the basal portion
as high, posterior margin almost vertical; wider than the apical, the inner margin sin-
produced anteroventrally. Cercus in lateral uate; inner face covered by many micro
aspect, hood-shaped. Dorsolateral hook spines. Phallus with two well developed
long, slender; in lateral view apex with spines, origins well separated, basal spine
small ventral point. Inferior appendage in much longer than apical and nearly straight.
— —
;
VOLUME 100, NUMBER 3 493
preapical spine small and sharply curved la- tapering, with a small, dark, hook ventro-
terad; intern—al tubule well developed. basally. —
Material. Holotype, 6. PERU: Madre Material. Holotype, 6. PERU: Madre
de Dios: Manu; Pakitza, 11°56'S, 7ri8'W, de Dios: Manu, Pakitza, 12°7'S, 70°58'W,
250 m. kitchen stream, 12-18 September 250 m, 14-23 September 1988, O. FUnt &
1989, N. Adams et al.. Malaise trap, night N. Adams, Trail 2, 1st Stream, Malaise trap,
collection. Paratypes: Same data, 1 d 3 9 day & night collection (NMNH).
same, but day collection, 1 cJ, 3 9; same, Etymology. madre: Spanish word for
but Trail 2, 1st Stream, 14-23 September mother, also recalling the name ofthe Prov-
1988, O. Flint & N. Adams, Malaise trap, ince, Madre de Dios.
day & night collection, 1 i (NMNH).
Etymology. diosa: Spanish word for Metrichia adamsae Flint and Bueno,
goddess, also recalling the name of the new species
Province, Madre de Dios. (Figs. 9, 10)
Ochrotrichia (M.) n. sp. 5, Flint 1996b:
Metrichia madre Flint and Bueno, 399.
new species
(Figs. 7, 8) This species appears virtually identical in
genitalia to M. malada (Flint), known from
Ochrotrichia (M.) n. sp. 3, Flint 1996b: Colombia and Peru. It differs from that spe-
399. cies in that the ninth segment is not quite
twice as long as high, rather than three
Because of the presence of a very long
times as long, and in apparently lacking all
phallus with a long, dark, internal tubule modifications of the abdomen. The abdo-
and a short, ventrolateral hook, this species men ofthe unique specimen ofM. adamsae
appears to be most similar to M. neotropi- is not well cleared, thus obscuring any
calis Schmid and M. potagonica (Flint).
smaller or fainter structures, but neverthe-
However, M. madre can be distinguished less it seems to lack the many abdominal
from those species by the triangular shape modifications of M. malada.
—
of the inferior appendages in ventral and Adult. Length of forewing, 2 mm. Col-
dorsal view with their toothed posterodorsal or in alcohol, brown. Male antenna of 18
margin. — segments, unmodified. Male abdomen with-
Adult. Length of forewing, 1.5 mm. out apparent modifications. Male genitalia:
Color in alcohol, brown. Male abdomen ap- Ninth segment almost twice as long as high
parently without any modifications. Ninth in lateral aspect; posterior margin sinuate.
segment in lateral aspect almost twice as Cercus ellipsoid. Tenth tergum lightly scler-
long as high, the posterior margin arcuate; otized, hoodlike. Dorsolateral hook in dor-
anterior margin narrowed and slightly pro- sal view long, slender, and almost straight
duced anteroventrad. Cercus in dorsal view with apex hooked laterad. Inferior append-
circular, in lateral view thumblike. Dorso- age in lateral view longer than high, with
lateral hook in dorsal view with subapical posterior margin obtusely angled; in dorsal
angulation, tip angled slightly mesad, in lat- view with a small, dark tooth near the pos-
eral view, apical portion elongate ventrad. terior margin. Phallus with two, equal-
Inferior appendage in dorsal view with the sized, curved hooks arising at almost same
apical portion triangular; in lateral view, ba- level subapically; internal tubule almost
sodorsal lobe with row of small teeth along half length of phallus.
—
posterodorsal margin, ventrally produced in Material. Holotype, i. PERU: Madre
a pointed, triangular lobe. Phallus with a de Dios: Manu, Pakitza, I2°7'S, 70°58'W,
long, dark, internal tubule: apical portion 250 m, 9-14 September 1988, Trail 1, 1st
494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Figs. 7-12. Metrichia. 7, 8. M. madre. 7. Male genitalia, dorsal. 8, Same, lateral. 9, 10, M. adamsae. 9,
Male genitalia, dorsal. 10. Same, lateral. 11, 12, M. helenae. 11, Male genitalia, dorsal. 12. Same, lateral.
VOLUME 100, NUMBER 3 495
Stream, O. S. Flint & N. Adams. Malaise de Dios: Manu. Pakitza. 1I°56'S. 7n8'W,
trap, day colle—ction (NMNH). 250 m, kitchen stream, 12-18 September
Etymology. It is our pleasure to name 1989, N. Adams et al.. Malaise trap, night
this species after Nancy E. Adams, Spe- collection. NM—NH.
cialist for Neuropteroids, who collaborated Etymology. We have the pleasure to
in the collection of this and other species dedicate this species to the memory of a
here described. great lady and hostess, Helen S. Flint.
Acknowledgments
Metrichia helenae Flint and Bueno,
new species We are indebted to the Biological Diver-
(Figs. 11, 12) sity of Latin America program of the
Smithsonian Institution for providing the
Ochrothchia (M.) n. sp. 6, Flint 1996b:
funding and support necessary to visit and
400.
collect at the Pakitza site. Miss Nancy E.
This species seems closely related to M. Adams, support staff of the Entomology
penicillata (Flint) based on the overall sim- Department. National Museum of Natural
ilarity in shape and structure of the male History, made important collections at Pa-
genitalia. However, M. helenae, new spe- kitza in 1989 and greatly aided OSF in
cies, can be distinguished from that species 1988. Dr. P. J. Spangler provided support to
by the more quadrate shape of the inferior JBS enabling him to work at the Smithson-
appendage which is not drawn out into an ian on this paper. We thank the reviewers
angle at midheight in lateral view. Although for their time and effort to improve this
both species have lateral hair brushes be- manuscript.
tween the fifth and sixth segments, M. he- Literature Cited
lenae lacks the internal sacs ofthe fifth seg-
ment and the other modifications of the Banks. N. 1907. New Trichoptera and Psocidae. Jour-
nal of the New York Entomological Society 15:
male abdomen.
— 162-166.
Adult. Length of forewing, 2 mm. Col- Blickle, R. L. and D. G. Denning. 1977. New species
or in alcohol, brown. Male antenna of 19 and a new genus of Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera).
segments, unmodified. Male abdomen with Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 50:
large hair brushes dorsolaterally between 287-300.
Botosaneanu. L. 1977. Trichopteres (Imagos)deCuba,
fifth and sixth segments. Male genitalia: captures parmoi-memeen 1973 (Insecta,Trichop-
Ninth segment in lateral view twice as long tera). Fragmenta Entomologica 13: 231-284.
as high, posterior margin sinuate. Cercus . 1980. Trichopteres adultes de Cuba collectes
leaf-shaped. Tenth tergum lightly sclero- par les zoologistes cubains (Trichoptera). Mittei-
tized, small, hoodlike. Dorsolateral hook lungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesell-
schaft 69: 91-116.
with apex enlarged, hammer-like, only half
. 1991. Trichopteres d'Haiti. Bulletin de
as long as inferior appendage; in lateral as- rinstitut royal des Sciences naturelles de Bel-
pect, with apex hooked ventrad. Inferior ap- gique. Entomologie 61: 113-134.
pendage in lateral aspect, almost rectangu- . 1994. LesTrichopteresde laGuadeloupe. An-
lar, apical margin slightly sinuate, with a nales de la Societe Entomologique de France 30
(NS): 33-54.
small apicoventral point; in dorsal aspect
. 1995. Caddis flies (Trichoptera) from the Do-
mesal face with a small ridge ending in a minican Republic (West Indies) I. The Hydroptil-
point on posterior margin at midheight. idae. Bulletm de rinstitut royal des Sciences na-
Phallus with two well-developed, curved turelles de Belgique, Entomologie 65: 21-33.
spines, origins well separated, apical trough Botosaneanu, L. and M. Alkins-Koo. 1993. The caddis
flies (Insecta: Trichoptera) ofTrinidad and Toba-
broad and well sclerotized; ejaculatory duct
go. West Indies. Bulletin de I'lnstitut royal des
well develop—ed. Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie 63:
Material. Holotype. 6. PERU: Madre 5-45.
496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Botosaneanu, L. and O. S. Flint, Jr. 1982. On some the Trichoptera of Antioquia. Colombia. Smith-
Trichopterafrom northern VenezuelaandEcuador sonian Contributions to Zoology 520: 1—113.
(Insecta). Beaufortia 32: 13-26. . 1992. New species ofcaddisflies from Puerto
Bueno-Soria. J. 1977. Una especie nuevade Ochrolri- Rico (Trichoptera). Proceedings of the Entomo-
chia Mosely (Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). logical Society ofWa.shington 94: 379-389.
Anales del Institute de Biologia, Universidad Na- . 1996a. StudiesofNeotropical caddisflies, LV:
cional Autonoma de Mexico, Series de Zoologi'a Trichoptera ofTrinidad and Tobago. Transactions
48: 141-144. ofthe American Entomological Society 122: 67—
. 1983.Threenew speciesofOchrolrichia(Me- 113.
trichia) from Chiapas, Mexico (Trichoptera: Hy- . 1996b. Trichoptera collected on the expedi-
droptilidae). Proceedings Biological Society of tions to Parque Manu, Madre de Dios, Peru, pp.
Washington 96: 79-83. 369-430. In Wilson, D. E. and A. Sandoval, eds.,
Edwards, S. W. and C. R. Arnold. 1961. The caddis Manu: The Biodiversity of Southeastern Peru.
flies of the San Marcos River Te.xas Journal of Smith.sonian Institution Press. Washington, DC.
Science 13: 398-415. 679 pp.
Flint, O. S., Jr. 1964. The caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Flint, O. S., Jr. and J. L. Sykora. 1993. New species
Puerto Rico. University of Puerto Rico, Agricul- and records of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera)
tural Experiment Station, Technical Paper 40: 1- from the Lesser Antilles, with special referenceto
Grenada. Annals ofCarnegie Museum 62: 47-62.
80.
tera.).19B6u8llae.tiTnheofctahdediIsnfsltiietsuteofofJaJmaamaiiccaa,(TSrciicehnocpe- HarpeTrr,icPh.opPt.eraan.dARq.uaTtuirccotIntsee.ct1s9875:.1N33e-w140E.cuadorian
Jacquemart, S. 1963. Deux Trichopteres nouveaux
Series 19: 1-68.
. 1968b. Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian Biolog- ad'nAdrgEe.ntiRnaep,apoprp.t,33ed9s-.3.42B.iolIongiDceldaemarFeA,meDr.i,quCe.
ical Survey ofDominica, 9. The Trichoptera(cad-
Australe, Vol. 2. Centre National de la Recherche
disflies) ofthe Lesser Antilles. Proceedingsofthe
United States National Museum 125(3665): 1-86. Scien1t9if8i0q.ueU,nPaTrriisc,h3o9pt8erpep.Hydroptilide nouveaux
. 1972. StudiesofNeotropical caddisflies,XIII: de.norde du Chili: Mclrichia ihirysae sp.n. Bre-
The genus Ochrolrichia from Mexico and Central
nesia 17: 303-318.
America (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). Smithsoni- Kumanski, K. P 1987. On the caddisflies(Trichoptera)
an Contributions to Zoology 118: 1-28. ofCuba. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 34: 3-35.
. 1974. Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XV: Marshall, J. E. 1979. A review of the genera of the
The Trichoptera ofSurinam. Studieson the Fauna
Hydroptilidae(Trichoptera). BulletinoftheBritish
of Suriname and other Guianas 14(55): 1-151. Museum (Natural History). Entomology Series
. 1980. Trichoptera. In Roback. S. S.. ed.. The 39: 135-239.
results of the Catherwood Foundation Bolivian- Moulton, S. R., K. W. Stewart, and K. L. Young. 1994.
Peruvian Altiplano Expedition. Part I. Aquatic in- New records, distribution and taxonomic statusof
sectsexcept Diptera. Proceedingsofthe Academy some northern .Arizona caddisflies (Trichoptera).
ofNatural SciencesofPhiladelphia 132: 213-217. Entomological News 105: 164-174.
. 1981. Studies of Neotropical caddisflies. Ross, H. H. 1938. Lectotypes ofNorth American cad-
XXVIII: The Trichopteraofthe Rio Limon Basin. dis flies in the Museum ofComparative Zoology.
Venezuela. SmithsonianContributions toZoology Psyche 45: 6-61.
330: 1-61. Schmid, E 1958. Contribution a Fetude des Trichop-
. 1983. Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, teres neotropicaux III. Mitteilungen ausdem Zoo-
XXXIII: New species fromaustral SouthAmerica logi-schen Museum in Berlin 34: 183-217.
(Trichoptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zo- Wiggins, G. L. 1996. Larvae ofNorth American Cad-
ology 377: 1-100. disfly Genera (Trichoptera). Second Edition. Uni-
. 1991. Studies of Neotropical caddisflies. versity ofToronto Press,Torontoand Buffalo,457
XLV: The taxonomy, phenology, and faunisticsof pp.