Studies in Middle American Bromeliaceae I

4 Pages·1991·2.9 MB·

by  John F Utley

STUDIES
IN
AMERICAN
MIDDLE
BROMELIACEAE
I
&
Smith Downs (1974) monograph of spreading and the scape exposed, pale pubescent
in their
and
Bromeliaceae subfamily Pitcairnioideae included to locally glabrous, lower bracts subfoliaceous
56 Pitcairnia from Mexico and Central scattered spinose-serrate, middle and upper bracts
species of
much
reduced and Inflorescence simple,
America. Since that time four previously unre- entire.
cm 5-6 cm
4,5-10
ported species were collected from the area, in- long, diam., horizontal or
eluding one originally thought to be native to Brazil slightly ascending, densely spicate to subglobose,
(Zamudio, 1988), and new species have been polystichously many-flowered. Floral bracts ex-
five
2.3-
described (Luther, 1987a, Rauh, 1986; Smith ceeding the sepals, erect, ovate to elliptic,
b;
& cm cm
Read, 1975). In addition, we herein propose 3.5 long, (0.7-)1.2-1.5 wide, acuminate,
two new taxa, P. beachiae and P. virginalis, bring- entire, pink drying brown, finely evanescently pu-
ing the number of Pitcairnia species for Mexico bescent. Flowers erect to divergent, sessile; sepals
cm
1-1.2(-
2.6-2.9
and Central America to 67. It is likely that this coriaceous, triangular, long,
cm
number will continue to fluctuate our kKnow ledge 1 .5) wide, short attenuate, brown floccose abax-
much
of the flora expands, due not only to new species, ially, glabrous adaxially, thickened basally,
me-
thickened asymmetrically keeled
but also to reinterpretations of species limits (cf. to distinctly
McVaugh, 1989). dially; corolla narrowly tubular, curved (abaxially?)
appendaged,
in distal V& at anthesis; petals basally
narrowly obovate,
dissimUar, straight to falcate,
&
beachiae
Pitcairnia Utiey Burt-Utley,
sp.
cm cm
6-6.4 0.7-1.4
ovate or eUiptic, long, wide,
nov. type: Costa Rica. Puntarenas: Valle de
and mu-
attenuate, apicaUy acute
y«"°^' ^a^ally
May
300 m, 12 1974,
General, collected flow-
cm
3-4.6
cronulate; stamens included, filaments
Beach 74-25
1984,
ered cultivation April
in
nu r lone, flattened, anthers basifixed, narrowly hastate,
TTc r*^
(/,hol1 ot, ype, Ub; i• so*types, LK, r, \MjUff)\\. rig-
n n
^ ^ q/ r o
, cm , • 0.9-
.3- ovary about i
.6 long; ¥4 inferior, 1 .3
1 1
ure
1.
cm 0.75-1 cm 4.5-5.5 cm
diam.; long.
long, style
Scapus decur- named honor Beach
Folia petiolata persistentia spinescentia. This species in of Eloise
is
vus abrupte bracteae persistentes internodia superantes.
of Orlando, Florida. In addition to collecting this
cm
4.5-10
Inflorescentia longa densiflori. Petala lutea.
species for the time, Eloise's unstinting studies
% first
Ovarium
inferum.
circa
of the Bromeliaceae have added considerably to
m
Epilithic or terrestrial herbs, to about 1.5 tall our horticultural and botanical knowledge of the
In flower. Leaves dimorphic, persistent; outer leaves family. P. beachiae is most similar to P. quesne-
m
1-1.7 Smith from Colombia and the Peru-
sheathing, bladeless; inner leaves long, lioides L. B.
cm
1-1.5
subpetiolate to petiolate; sheaths long,
fi
cm
4-4.5 wide, serrulate, light brown to stramin- flowered, simple inflorescences, persistent petiolate
eous with brown shaggy pubescence, contracting armed leaves, and sessile to subsessile flowers with
20-60 cm
abrubtly into the petiole; petiole long, appendaged petals and largely inferior ovaries. It
cm from by
0.4-1.2 wide, scattered spinose-serrate, be- easily distinguished these taxa its per-
is
coming strongly involute on drying; blade with a sistent floral bracts, in contrast to the deciduous
pronounced midrib, plicate, narrowly elliptic to or early decomposing floral bracts of the latter two
69-100 cm 3-6 cm
from quesnelioides
lance-elliptic, long, wide, api- species. It further diff^ers P. in
cally attenuate, glabrous adaxially, densely pale having persistent upper scape bracts and a shorter
cm
pubescent abaxially, marginally scattered spinu- inflorescence (4.5-10 vs 15 cm). In addition.
lose-serrulate becoming subdensely serrulate api-
fi
22-32 cm 5-7 much
cally, chartaceous. Scape long, in its scape bracts, which exceed the inter-
mm
cm
diam. (1-1.5 diam. in living material), nodes and yellow flowers; in contrast the latter
cm
erect for 5-7 and then abruptly decurved, species has red flowers and scape bracts that are
cm
brown floccose pubescent; bracts 3.5-36 long, conspicuously shorter than the internodes. Despite
numerous we have been unable
ceding the internodes but divergent to sub- our attempts to
266-269.
Ann. Missouri Hot. Card. 78: 1991.
Volume Number
78,
Notes
1 267
1991
—
& — — —
Figure
Pitcairnia beachiae
1. Utiey Burt-Utley A. Habit. B. Leaf. C. Inflorescences. D.
Sepal.
E.
Petal. F, Flower post-anthesis. From Beach 74-25,
cm
collect fertile material at the type location, even rocks; 60-- 100 Leaves
tall in flower. trimor-
though
vegetative individuals are regularly en- phic: the outer two types with broadly
triangular,
countered.
overlapping
tightly sheaths, these entire proximally
becoming
serrate near junction with blade, casta-
&
Pitcairnia
virginalis Utley Burt-Utley, sp. neous, densely white to pale ferrugineous lanate
nov. TYPE: Mexico. Oaxaca:
steep roadbanks abaxially, glabrous glabrescent some
to adaxially;
MEX
N N
along 29.7-30.1
175, mi. of with blades
side persistent, spiniform,
pectinate-serrate,
N
3-5 cm
of Pochutla or 5.1-5.5
mi. of turnofF to long, others with apparently
linear(?), de-
Pluma
Hidalgo, 4,900-5,000 17 July ciduous blades which disarticulate 2-4 cm above
ft.,
8400 MEXU;
1989, Utley iSc Utley {holotype, the sheath, persistent portion of blade 1-2.5 cm
MICH, MO,
isotypes, US). Figure wide, densely
2. serrate (characters of deciduous
por-
unknown):
inner leaves and lower scape
'^"^^ bracts
Folia heteromorpha. Laminae magiores
deciduae. Sea-
weakly 4-
32-65 cm ^"^^^^^ ^'* serrate basally: sheaths ovate,
pus
longus bracteae infernae
foliaceae. Inflo-
^™ cm
rescentia 7-10 cm longa ante 30 cm ^-^ l^i^g* 2.2-3 wide, pale, scattered pu-
florenti circa ubi
cm
fructificans. Bracteae florales 4.5-6.5 longae late bescent abaxially; blades narrowed above
the sheath,
ovatae vel anguste ellipiticae acutae chloroleucae pubes-
often with a tendency
to disarticulate at the sheath
centes pallentes. Petala alba appendiculata. Ovarium
circa
upon
drying, elongate-triangular
or nar-
elliptic to
inferum.
\^
30-36 cm
cm
rowly ovate, 2.5-3
long, wide,
scat-
Herbs, terrestrial or epilithic on humus-covered tered pale floccose abaxially. Scape curved-erect,
Annals the
of
268
Garden
Missouri Botanical
6.8cm
6cm
4
3.1cm
D
Scm
E
— —
&
Figure Pitcaimia virginalis Utiey Burt-Utley. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence.— C. Flower at anthesis.
2.
—
&
From Utley Utley 8400.
D. Sepal. E. Petal.
cm
32-65 cm subdensely pale aments 4.1-4.3 long, anthers basifixed, has-
long, scattered to floe-
cm
upper reduced 1.4-1.5 long; ovary trigonous in cross
lower bracts foliaceous, the tate,
cose;
cm
cm
21-31 cm glabrous adax- section, about 1.2 long, 0.6-0.7 diam.,
and subfoliaceous, long,
5-5.2
about
sheaths about one-half or less inferior; style
scattered pale floccose abaxially, in-
ially,
cm.
clasping, blades divergent to drooping-re-
flated,
curved above middle. Inflorescence simple, Pitcairnia virginalis most similar to P. abiin-
is
Mexico
7-10 cm dans Smith from Nayarit, in
racemose, long pre-anthesis, elongating L. B. its
about 30 cm post-anthesis. Floral bracts broadly heteromorphic leaves, with the larger leaf blades
to
cm 1.33
4-6.5 deciduous, elongate scape with foliaceous to subfoli
ovate narrowly long,
to elliptic,
appendaged
cm becoming reduced acute, pale aceous lower bracts and white petals
wide, distally,
narrowly
having broadly ovate
green-white drying brown post-anthesis, adaxially It differs in to el
cm
4-6.5
long
acute bracts,
glabrous, abaxially white floccose proximally, liptic, apically floral
abundans
densely pale ferrugineous distally. Flowers ascend- in contrast to the floral bracts of P,
ing to divergent or subspreading at anthesis, ped- which are triangular to triangular-lanceolate, api-
cm
3-5 mm; caudate-attenuate and 1.5-3.5 long,
sepals broadly triangular to subligu- cally
icels
P
2.9-3.3 cm about cm wide, acute. Moreover, sepals of virginalis are generally
long,
late, 1
2.63
cm) and acute
subdensely brown pubescent; corolla broadly tu- longer (2.9-3.3 vs apically
ahun-
elongate-campanulate; petals basally ap- rather than long subulate like those of P.
bular to
96. cm 2-2.3 cm unusual among Mex-
dans, Pitcairnia virginalis
pendaged, obovate, 5. 3 long, is
wide, white, broadly acute; stamens included, ican and Central American Pitcairnia species in
fil-
Volume Number
78, Notes 269
1
1991
having
white, elongate-campanulate and Two
corollas, 1987b. new
Pitcairnias from northwest-
.
Panama.
large, pale green to white, pubescent ^^n Bromeliad See. 37: 212-214.
floral bracts. J,
McVaugh, W.
R. 1989. R. Anderson
In addition, the inflorescence elongates //i; (editor), Flora
consider-
11
Novo-Galiciana 4-79.
m 15:
^u
ui
ably post*-anthesis; *i.- cih_ ange morphology . ^
this so
is
r.^^,^ 936. Bromelienstudien Neue and wenig
^
I.
striking that plants at anthesis and in fruit could,
bekannte Arten aus Peru and anderen Landern
(18.
on
casual inspection, be taken
for distinct species. Mitteilung). Trop. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 58: 5-63.
&
Smith, Downs.
L. B. R. 1974.
Pitcairnioideae
J.
—
Additional collections. Mexico, oaxaca: EI Porve- (Bromeliaceae). Neotrop. 1-658.
Fl. 14:
&
nir, carr. Pochutla-Oaxaca, 15 junio 1985. /?. Torres R. Read. 1975. Notes on Bromeliaceae,
MEX
6835 (MEXU);
C. 175 1.5 mi. S of La Soledad, XXXVll. 289-303.
Phytologia 30:
&
5,100 ft., 1 Aug. 1990, Utley Utley 8588 (CAS). Zamudio, S. 1988. Descubrimiento de Pitcairnia an-
dulata
Scheidweiler (Bromeliaceae) en Tabasco,
This work was supported by a grant from
the
Mexico. Acta Mexicana 5-9.
Bot.
2:
Standley Smith
Horticultural Trust the Univer-
to —
John and
of New Orleans and by NSF F. Utley Kathleen Burt- Utley, De-
sity in part grant
partment
DEB-S 107868 of Biological Sciences, University
of
to the Missouri Botanical Garden.
We New New
Orleans, Orleans, Louisiana 70148,
thank
the curators
of the following herbaria
U.S.A.
MEXU,
for the loan of specimens or use of
facilities:
MICH, MO.
Literature Cited
Luther, H. E. 1987a. Pitcairnia hammelii, new
a
Pitcairnia from Panama. 128-
Bromeliad
Soc. 37:
J.
129.