STUDIES IN CAPPARACEAE XXVII: SIX NEW TAXA AND A NEW COMBINATION IN QUADRELLA

2010·7.3 MB·English

by  Xavier Cornejo

CAPPARACEAE
STUDIES
IN XXVII:
NEW NEW
AND
TAXA A COMBINATION QUADRELLA
SIX IN
Hugh
Xavier Cornejo
H.
litis
New
The York Botanical Garden Department ofBotany
200th and KazimiroffAve. University ofWisconsin
St.
USA
New
430
Bronx, York 10458-5126, Lincoln Drive
USA
[email protected]; [email protected] Madison Wisconsin 53706,
[email protected]; [email protected]
ABSTRACT
&
new from
the Yucatan Peninsula; morenoi Cornejo a species described Nicar;
(6) Q. litis,
southwestern Mexico to northern Costa Rica; and (7) Q. morenoi forma hastate litis, a juv< e Capparaceae, the gent
RESUMEN
Quadrella (DC.) Presl (Cappara
ro
J.
Dominicana;
Quadrella dre
(2)
now
Quadrella (DC.) (Capparaceae an American genu that comprises 25 species, 9 subspecies
Presl is is
s.s.),
J.
Panama
from western Mexico
ribbean Sea, to
&
and from Florida and the Bahamas through the West Indies to northern Colombia and Venezuela (litis
I
Cornejo 2010 The new we discovered during ou revision of Quadrella for a treatment of Cap-
taxa
a, b). six ir
paraceae for Flora Mesoamericana (in prep.); are described as follows.
;
&
1- Quadrella alaineana Comejo sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Tvr DOMINICAN REPUBLIC [Hispaniola], Azua: Monte Rio
litis, >e:
Azua, sandy soil, in thickets, 22 Aug 1964 (fl), Bro. Basilio Augisto Lavaistre 1730 (Hotorrrc: JBSD; isotypes: NY, W1S).
m
Shrubs much pubescent throughout, with dense, short, deli-
ca. 2 slender and branched, evergreen,
tall,
brown and whitish arms. Leaves alternate to
cately branched with yellowish centers
candelabra trichomes
when
spirally arranged; 0.6-1.5 cm, canaliculate; blades conduplicate young, at maturity ovate to
petioles
green brownish,
cm, coriaceous or chartaceous, dull, to
elliptic or 3.4-8 x 1.3-3.7 thinly
slightly obovate,
dark green
densely abundant, microscopic to light dots, light
white-stellate and glabrescent, leaving adaxially
or brown candelabra trichomes not soft to the touch; apex acute to obtuse
with abundant short
abaxially,
or rounded and sometimes emarginate, the base rounded, truncate to inconspicuously
minutely
apiculate,
both prominent
retuse; upwardly arching, the tertiary veins laxly reticulate,
lateral veins 7
to 10 pairs,
B«t
J
- Res. -
Inst. Texas 75 2010
4(1): 91.
76
«
cm,
1.5-2.7
4-5
7-8.5 x
°f Q
-
1
Iressleri, a detritophilous, humilectic, Panamanian endemic. A. Dense, leafy crown of this single-stemmed treeletformsa'
nd animal detritus decomposes into humus soon invaded by adventitious, mycorrhizal roots from the stem. Panama: Col
C
Agua A
ar Clara. B. 4- to 6-flowered, sub-umbellate-corymbose raceme, of which flowers open at once. Close-up
all
small white spots and gradually
lepidote abaxially, the apex abruptly acuminate caudate-acuminate or
to
long-acuminate,
the contracted (l-)2-7 cm, ending midrib, the bas*
tip often in a hair-like extension of the
narrowed 4-8 lj
to cm, then rounded 9
or truncate-retuse to subcordate or rarely cordate; lateral veins to
upward
curved and supra-axiM
(to 20), strongly ascending.
Inflorescences paniculiform, probably
initially
and
in, projecting from, the leafy crown, but at maturity cauliflorous and projecting sideways to downward
branch, that is basally unbranched, bractless, sterile and terete for 1-20 cm, distally and laterally bears up
mm
3-4
to ca. 50 distichous, subulate, somewhat complanate and upward-curved persistent bracts, long
mm
and brown subumbel-
mostly arranged 4-6(-15) with each bract subtending a densely lepidote
apart,
late raceme, 2-5(-8) cm, on pedicels (0.5-)0.7-1.3 cm, and 2 to 8 flowers near the tip, all of them opening
mm
Up
at once; flower buds spherical, 4-6 diam. to 50 racemes are produced sequentially, alternately left
and
right, and, if not fertilized and developing into fruit, are soon deciduous. Sepals 1-seriate, triangular,
cream
or light-yellow, somewhat cucullate and strongly curved inward, divergent at anthesis (Stapf, pers.
comm.), brown lepidote abaxially, glandular adaxially; stamens ca. 16 to 20, the filaments clavate, (4-)7-8
mm, mm,
gynophores most
glabrous to lightly stellate at base, the anthers ca. 1-1.2 basifixed; absent, or at
only 1-3 mm, mm, Infructescences with pedicels 0.7-1.6 cm,
the ovaries 1-3 densely lepidote-stellate.
ca.
the gynophores 10-35 x 0.8-1. cm, strongly constricted between
suppressed, the pendulous, linear, 1
fruit
the (4 to) 12 to 17 seeds, tapering at both ends, densely brown or brownish green lepidote without, bright-
orange within, at maturity dehiscent, splitting lengthwise along one suture, the seeds dangling from slender
funicles, oblong, purplish or black, ca. 13-14 x 5 mm, immersed in an orange endocarp and surrounded
by
a bright orange embryo
green.
aril;
end branches
In densely arranged in pseudoverticils at the of the
its detritophilous habit, with the leaves
collecting humus, the main stem with adventicious roots, and the flowers without androgynophores, Qua-
common
drella more and similarly detritophilous allopatric species in
dressleri resembles the
antonensis,
Q.
8-20
Panama. by (25-)30-70 x
However, from the latter the larger leaf blades,
Quadrella differs
dressleri
cm
2nd
bearing order
and by paniculiform inflorescences, to
3-10
(vs. 12-J15-35 [-40] x [-11] cm), its
f
bracteate racemes inflorescences racemose, multi-flowered,
determinate, soon deciduous few-flowered (vs.
elongated, indeterminate), the persistent bracts of the inflorescences (Fig. 2A, vs. bracts soon deciduous);
mm
and the longer 7-8 4-5 mm). In addition, a very different floral behavior has also been
filaments,
(vs.
,
Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 4(1)
observed between the two species in the field. In Quadrella dressleri, the relatively few flowers of each short
raceme are blooming at the same time (Fig. 2 B), but Q. antonensis has acropetal racemes, each sequentially
opening only 1 to 3 flowers at a time of some 100 or more flowers per inflorescence (Stapf, pers. comm.;
On
see also SSnchez 2001). account of the stellate pubescence, and the long fruits bearing seeds with green
&
new Comejo
embryos, this species placed in Quadrella subg. Breyniastrum (DC.) litis (litis 2010b).
is
|
and
cloud forests of the Caribbean slopes of eastern Panama, north of the continental divide east of the
Panama Canal, in the provinces of Colon, San Bias and Panama, at 50-500(-850) m.
—
on
Phenology. Flowering and fruiting apparently throughout the year, but the basis of collections here
examined, Quadrella dressleri seems to flower mostly between March and November, and is in fruit more
so from September to January (April). The diurnal flowers have a very slight fragrance; between ca. 9:00 to 1
10:00, they are visited by beetles of Chrysomelidae Latreille (Stapf, pers. comm.).
—
Germination. In natural habitat as well as in laboratory testing, the seeds of Quadrella dressleri
its
germinate between 3 4 days comm.).
to (Stapf, pers.
—
PANAMA. name
Vernacular names. Basurera (Spanish, for trash basket), a also used for Q. antonensis
comm.).
(Stapf, pers.
—
Due
Il/CN. to the detritophyllous habit, Quadrella dressleri is not able to live in optimal conditions
EN
new
or even survive in open places after deforestation (S&nchez 2001). This species assigned to
is
BlabGii).
—
Etymology. The species named for Robert Dressier, the great neotropical Orchidologist and expert on
is
who
Panamanian
Flora, first noticed the distinctive characters of this remarkable species (Dressier 1985).
:
& &
Trail, S Mori M. Crosby 6337 (MO). Comarca de San Bias: Cerro Brewster, G. de Nevers, A. Henderson. H. Herrera. G. McPherson L.
Nergala, G. de Nevers, H. Herrera 6-5. Charnley 6528 (MO); quebrada affluente de Rto Diable, Cordillera frente a Isla NarganS, C. Galdames,
Obu
E. Montenegro. C. Chung. H. Herrera 1558 (PMA, SCZ); Cerro Habu, K. Sytsma, T. Antonio, R. Dressier 2658 (MO); trail to Cerro [Habu],
&
km
Gemado Panama:
G. de Nevers. H. Herrera 7970 (MO). El Llano-Carti 10 from Inter-Amer. hwy, Mori Kallunki 2318
E. rd., S. &J.
}
(MO, PMA, W1S); El Llano-Carti rd., 10-12 km fromjet. w. Inter-Amer. hwy, S. Mori & Kallunki 2855 (WIS); ca. 12 km N of El Llano, El
J.
km N
Llano-Carti rd.. R. Dressier 5920 (WIS ca. 13 from Pan-Amer. hwy, B. Hansen&S. Mori 2996 (WIS wood at USDA, MAD]);
[2]); [2,
|
Kuna Yala, Nusagandi, sede de campo de PEMASKY, R. Paredes, R. Foster, R. Perez, S. Aguilar, Z. Batista, R. Mihalik, A. Salywon 899 (F,
J
PMA, km NE &
SCZ); Gorgas Memorial Labs, Camp. Quatro, 5-10 of Altos de Pacora, Mori Kallunki 3409 (MO, US).
S.
J.
&
3a. Quadrella incana (Kunth) Comejo subsp. incana, Novon 17:452. 2007. (Figs. 4 A-D, 5 A,
litis
&
For complete
a description of this species see Comejo
litis (2007: 452).
.—
and
Habitat Distribution In dry woodlands, from common,
southwestern to eastern Mexico, where very
&
rarely into southeastern
Texas, east to Guatemala and rarely into Honduras Comejo 2007:
(litis 453).
|
&
3b. Quadrella incana
Comejo
var. triangularis litis, var. nov. (Figs. 5 C, D, 9 lower map) Type MEXICO
NW
km
Beach, ca. 8 of Chamela, 19°33'N 105°08’W, 2 m, 22 Jun 1984,
&
H.H. litis S. Wisniewski 29194 (holoiype WIS MEXU
isotype:
[fl];
[stl).
mm
Sepals
triangular, flat, minute, 1-1.5 x 1-1.3 (Fig. 5 C-D), ascendent at anthesis, each subtending a

testa
sepals. D. Flower at postanthesis.G-1. Quadrellamorenoi. G. Showing large, solitary, straight, green capparoid embryos, enclosed by a thin, fragile
± 4370
(I) enclosed by a thickened fruitcoat. A, B: Moreno & Robleto 22899 (WIS). C, D: litis & Wisniewski 29194 (from the holotype, WIS). E, F: Johnson
L
(WIS). G: Espinosa 462 (WIS). H-fc King 239 (WIS). J, Quern 2983 (WIS). K: Pringle 7291 (WIS).

1
,
Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas
4(1)
splitting lengthwise along one suture, exserting the orange-arillate seeds on the bright orange pulpy endocarp
J
5-8 4-5 mm.
x
of their valves; seeds cochleate-reniform,
Quadrella lindeniana is vegetatively very similar to the allopatric Q. indica, but differs by having distinct
mm
tively smaller flowers (Fig. 7 B, C), with petals only 5-7 x 4-5 (vs. 8-14 x 6-8 mm), filaments only 7-10
mm mm mm
mm)
[15-118-30 mm), gynophores only 2-7 [12-117-40 in and 3-9 12—
(vs. (vs. flower, (vs.
45
mm mm
mm) mm)
in fruit, ovaries 2-3 (vs. 3-5 and fruits narrower, 4-7 (vs. [6—17—12[—14] mm). In addi-|
tion, the inflorescences of Quadrella lindeniana are truly corymbose or even umbellate, having fewer flowers|
tM
([1]4 to 10) than those of Q. indica, which has the inflorescences distinctively more racemose-umbellate
racemose-corymbose, bearing more
flowers (8-14[-20]).
—
and where
Habitat Distribution. Quadrella lindeniana restricted to Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula,
is iffl
occurs from the landward mangrove fringes in the north, through dry thorn scrub subdeciduousf
far to
lowlands and subevergreen forests in the south, often growing on coastal dunes or rocky and persisting;;
soils,
in disturbed forests. It is allopatric to the similar but widespread Q. indica, which ranges from the Mexican
and West
states of Sinaloa Nayarit to Costa Rica, mostly in the dry Pacific coastal areas, and from the central
Indies Colombia and
to Venezuela
(Fig.
6).
—
Phenology. Flowering from April to June, and fruiting from July into September.
names.—MEXICO.
Vernacular
Negrita Shepherd Zamora
salvo
180), 4795).
(J.D.
— (
1UCN.
Although many
Quadrella lindeniana restricted to the Yucatan Peninsula, the collecl
is fertile
tions suggest however, number new
that there are still a reasonable of healthy populations of this species,
thus
Q. lindeniana deserves a lower
LC.
priority,
Etymology. The
earliest collections of Quadrella lindeniana were apparently made by youngjeanjules'j
a
Linden
(1817-1898) from
the “environs de Campeche,” when, in May of 1838, he collected the species in.
bloom
with comment
full the (from the French), that the flowers were white and Labelled by hand
fragrant.
simply
as Capparis 999" Kew
indica Linden in the and Florence Webb (now but as
herbaria included
at FI),
j