Structured Peer-to-Peer Systems: Fundamentals of Hierarchical Organization, Routing, Scaling, and Security

389 Pages·2012·3.618 MB·English

by  Dmitry Korzun, Andrei Gurtov

Structured Peer-to-Peer Systems

Dmitry Korzun • Andrei Gurtov
Structured Peer-to-Peer
Systems
Fundamentals of Hierarchical Organization,
Routing, Scaling, and Security
Foreword by Ion Stoica
123
DmitryKorzun AndreiGurtov
HelsinkiInstituteforInformation CentreforWireless
Technology Communications
AaltoUniversity UniversityofOulu
Aalto,Finland Oulu,Finland
DepartmentofComputerScience
PetrozavodskStateUniversity
Russia
ISBN978-1-4614-5482-3 ISBN978-1-4614-5483-0(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-1-4614-5483-0
SpringerNewYorkHeidelbergDordrechtLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012950412
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To myparentsAntoninaandZhorzh. DK
To mydaughtersJuliaandSofia,and wife
Anastasia.AG

Foreword
Intheshortspanofafewyears,peer-to-peertechnologieshaveirreversiblychanged
thefieldsofnetworkinganddistributedsystems.Today,thetrafficdeliveredbypeer-
to-peersystems, suchas Bittorrent,PPLive,andeDonkey,dominatesthe trafficof
manyInternetServiceProviders.Thestructuredpeer-to-peersystems,intheformof
distributedhashtables(DHTs),havebeenatthecoreofthemodernlarge-scalekey-
valuestoragesystems,includingAmazon’sDynamoDB,Facebook’sCassandra,and
LinkedIn’sVoldemort.
Thisbookgivesacomprehensivetreatmentofthestructuredpeer-to-peersystems
by covering their architecture, protocol design, and security properties. The book
providesanexcellentoverviewofthelatestdevelopmentsinthefieldandincludes
several recent contributions of the authors themselves. By using extensive and
detailed examples, the authors succeed in making some of the most complex
protocolsaccessibletoalargeaudience.
Thisbookisagreatresourceforbothacademicswhoare,orwishtostart,doing
research in the peer-to-peer field and practitioners who want to design and build
large-scaledistributedsystemsandprotocols.
IonStoica
vii

Preface
Themain goalofthis bookis tocoverimportantissuesin optimizationof present
large-scale P2P systems as well as help in designing future systems. The book
containsacomprehensivesurveyandsummaryofresearchresultscomplementedby
authors’owncontributionstothefieldintherecentyears.Thebookisextensively
illustrated by examplesto help the understandingas wellas includesan extensive
listofreferencesonP2Particlesandresources.
EvolutionofP2PSystems
The field of structured P2P systems has seen a fast growth and evolution upon
introduction of first distributed hash tables (DHTs) in the early 2000s. The first
proposals including Chord, CAN, Pastry, and Tapestry were gradually improved
to cope with scalability, locality,and security issues. Deployableas an overlayon
the application layer without the need to change the network infrastructure, the
P2P approach had opened great opportunities for innovation for developers. By
utilizingtheprocessingandbandwidthresourcesofendusers,P2Papproachenables
high performance of data distribution which is hard to achieve with traditional
client–server architectures. That enables commercial use of P2P systems such as
distributing updates to the World-of-Warcraft virtual world, where patches over
100MBytes are applied simultaneously to all users using P2P technology. Many
popular social networks, such as Facebook, utilize the DHT internally to store
tremendousnumbersofkey-valuepairs.
Now P2P computing is a vast research field with multiple conferences and
research groups in the area. The P2P computing is being actively utilized in
the Internetfor software updates, P2PSIP VoIP, video-on-demand,and distributed
backups.Recentintroductionofidentifier–locatorsplitproposalforFutureInternet
architectures poses another important application for DHTs, namely mapping
betweenhostpermanentidentityandchangingIPaddress.Thegrowingcomplexity
andscaleofmodernP2Psystemsrequiresintroductionofhierarchyandintelligence
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