Structure of Turbulence and Drag Reduction: IUTAM Symposium Zurich, Switzerland July 25–28, 1989 PDF
Preview Structure of Turbulence and Drag Reduction: IUTAM Symposium Zurich, Switzerland July 25–28, 1989
Structure of Turbulence and Drag Reduction International Union ofTheoretical and Applied Mechanics A. Gyr (Editor) Structure of Turbulence and Drag Reduction IUTAM Symposium Zurich, Switzerland July 25 - 28,1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg NewYork London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong DDrr.. AAllbbeerrtt GGyyrr IInnssttiittuutt ffüürr HHyyddrroommeecchhaanniikk uunndd WWaasssseerrwwiirrttsscchhaafftt EETTHH ZZüürriicchh 88009933 ZZüürriicchh -- HHöönnggggeerrbbeerrgg SScchhwweeiizz ISBN 978-3-642-50973-5 ISBN 978-3-642-50971-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-50971-1 LLiibbrraarryy ooff CCoonnggrreessss CCaattaallooggiinngg--iinn--PPuubblliiccaattiioonn DDaattaa IIUUTTAAMM SSyymmppoossiiuumm ((11998899 :: ZZuurriicchh,, SSwwiittzzeerrllaanndd)) SSttrruuccttuurree ooff ttuurrbbuulleennccee aanndd ddrraagg rreedduuccttiioonn :: II UUTTAAMM SSyymmppoossiiuumm,, ZZuurriicchh,, 2255..--2288..77..11998899// AA.. GGyyrr,, eeddiittoorr.. 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VViioollaattiioonnss ffaallll uunnddeerr tthhee pprroosseeccuuttiioonn aacctt ooff tthhee GGeerrmmaann CCooppyyrriigghhtt LLaaww.. ©© SSpprriinnggeerr--VVeerrllaagg,, BBeerrlliinn HHeeiiddeellbbeerrgg 11999900 SSooffttccoovveerr rreepprriinntt ooff tthhee hhaarrddccoovveerr 11ss tt eeddiittiioonn 11999900 TThhee uussee ooff rreeggiisstteerreedd nnaammeess,, ttrraaddeemmaarrkkss,, eettcc.. iinn tthhiiss ppuubblliiccaattiioonn ddooeess nnoott iimmppllyy,, eevveenn iinn tthhee aabbsseennccee ooff aa ssppeecciiffiicc ssttaatteemmeenntt,, tthhaatt ssuucchh nnaammeess aarree eexxeemmpptt ffrroomm tthhee rreelleevvaanntt pprrootteeccttiivvee llaawwss aanndd rreegguullaattiioonnss aanndd tthheerreeffoorree ffrreeee ffoorr ggeenneerraall uussee.. 221166111133002200554433221100--PPrriinntteedd oonn aacciidd--ffrreeee ppaappeerr Scientific Committee A. Gyr. Switzerland (Chairman) G.I. Barenblatt. USSR B. Gampert. FRG J. Hinch. United Kingdom G. Leal. USA A.E. Perry. Australia J.-M. Piau. France H. Sato. Japan L. van Wijngaarden. Netherlands Symposium Sponsors International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM) Federal Institute of Technology Zürich. Switzerland. Institute of Hydrodynamics and Water Resources Management. Preface In 1976 a similar titled IUTAM Symposium (Structure of Turbulence and Drag Reduction) was held in Washington . However, the progress made during the last thirteen years as weil as the much promising current research desired a second one this year. In Washington drag reduction by additives and by direct manipulation of the walls (compliant walls and heated surfaces) were discussed. In the meantime it became evident that drag reduction also occurs when turbulence is influenced by geometrical means, e.g. by influencing the pressure distribution by the shape of the body (airfoils) or by the introduction of streamwise perturbances on a body (riblets). In the recent years turbulence research has seen increasing attention being focused on the investigation of coherent structures, mainly in Newtonian fluids. We all know that these structures are a significant feature of turbulent flows, playing an important role in the energy balance in such flows. However their place in turbulence theories as weil as the factors influencing their development are still poorly understood. Consequently, the investigation of phenomena in which the properties of coherent structures are alte red provides a promising means of improving our understanding of turbulent flows in general. The mechanisms responsible for the phenomenon of turbulent drag reduction produced by the addition of polymers, surfactans, fibres, flakes, needles, algae, gas bubbles etc. deserve particular attention. A more detailed knowledge of coherent structures would also enable a better understanding of the influence of modified wall characteristics, in particuar the drag reducing effect produced by special wall roughness (riblets) and by flexible or heated walls. The intention of the Symposium was to review recent research results from studies of turbulence structures in Newtonian as weil as in non-Newtonian fluids and in particular from drag reduction studies which include details of the structure of the flow. Emphasis has been placed on the available knowledge about coherent structures to improve the understanding of drag reduction. VII This review process provided at the same time an opportunity for analyzing the quality and completeness of available results on coherent structures. Such a critical analysis helped to define the fundamental questions more precisely, thus stimulating further progress in the field of coherent structures and drag reduction. At a IUTAM Symposium on drag reduction held at the University of Essen in 1984 attention was restricted to polymer additives and mainly to the influence of their physico-chemical parameters (molecular structure, molecular weight, molecular weight distribution) as weil as rheological aspects, such as the elongational viscosity. This emphasis reflected the current research interests at this time. However, even at the Symposium in Essen it was suggested that aspects excluded due to the limited available time, such as the influence of turbulence structures (in particular coherent structures) and the multiplicity of other additives, should be the subject of a meeting in the future . A thematical structure was provided to the large topic of the Symposium by nine invited lectures which reviewed the various aspects of coherent structures, rheological properties of the additives, the different drag reducing effects and aspects of the stability of a turbulent flow. These state of the art reviews were supplemented by 23 orally presented contributions and 20 papers presented as posters. Fortunately practically all contributions could be accepted for publication in the proceedings. This is mainly the merit of the members of the scientific committee and same external reviewers who preselected the contributions from about a hundred based on the submitted abstracts. The achieved scientific progress can be summarized as fallows: - Mainly it became evident that drag reducing effects are caused more by specific interactions of all size of structures rather than by an interaction of only selective parts of the turbulence spectrum. - The models explaining drag reduction are still controversal. The main contribution of the Symposium therefore seems to be the idea that drag reduction should not be discussed only in terms of supressing mechanisms but also in terms of topological explanations based on specific anisotropies of the turbulent flow field, e.g. high helicity. - Drag reduction by riblets have a lot in common with drag reduction by additives and should be describable in similar terms. - The audience was very sceptic whether drag reduction by LEBUs exists or not. VIII Last but not least I would like to thank the members of the Scientific Committee who at all stages du ring the preparation of the conference, maintained a very close rapport. In addition to the members of the Scientific Committee we would like to thank especially Prof. T.Dracos and Drs. J. Bühler, A. Müller and X. Studerus (ETHZ), Dr H.-W. Bewersdorff (Univ. of Dortmund) and Prof. A. Tsinober (Tel Aviv Univ.). Thanks are also given to D.Fruman and B. Gampert and his wife for their contributions which were not part of the official program. Thanks go also to my wife Edith who organized the ladies program and to my two daughters Nadia and Regina for their help in the organisation work. The ready and efficient cooperation of Herr von Hagen and the editorial staff of Springer Verlag during the preparation for the printing of the Proceedings is specially acknowledged. It is our hope that this book will stimulate. further research efforts in this exciting field of fluid mechanics. Zürich, November 1989 Albert Gyr List of Participants Horst Bestek Univ. StuUgartllnst. f. Mechanik John B. Anders Pfaffenwaldring 9 NASA Langley Res. Center D- 7000 StuUgart 80 Mail Stop 163 Germany Hampton, Virginia 23665-5225 USA Marco BeUelini Inst. f. Fluiddynamik Theodor R. Anderson ETHZ Dept. of the Navy CH-8092 Zuerich New London Lab. Bld. 80 Switzerland New London, CT 06320 USA Hans-Werner Bewersdorff Univ. Dortmund, Chemietechnik Fabien Anselmet Postfach 500500 Universite d'Aix-Marseilie I M S T D-4600 Dortmund 60 12 Avenue General Leclerc Germany F - 13003 Marseille France Ron F. Blackwelder University of Southern California Ram S. Azad Dept.Aerosp.Eng./University Park University of Manitoba Los Angeles, CA 90089-1191 Dept. Mech. Eng./lnd. Eng. Progr. USA Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada J.P. Bonnet C.E.A.T. S. Banerjee 43, rue de I'areodrome Dept. Chem. & Nucl. Eng. F- 86036 Poitiers Cedex University of California France Santa Barbara,CA 93106 USA An. A. Borisov Inst Thermophysics S.P. Bardakhanov USSR Acad. Sc. Inst. Pure & Appl. Mechanics Novosibirsk USSR Academy of Science UDSSR Novosibirsk, 630090 UDSSR Kwing-So Choi British Maritime Technology Dietrich W. Bechert 1 Waldegrave Road, Orlando House DLR, Abt. Turbulenzforschung Teddington, Middlesex TW11 8lZ Müller-Breslau-Str. 8 England D- 1000 Berlin 12 Germany David G. Clark Neil S. Berman Queen Mary College/Univ. london Dept. Chem, Bio & Mater. Eng. Mile End Road Arizona State University london, Ei 4NS Tempe, Arizona 85287-6006 England USA Arild Bertelrud Eric Coustols NASA Langley Res. Cent. Dep. d'Etudes en Aerothermodyn. M/S 163 2 Avenue Edouard Belin Hampton, Va. 23665 F - 31055 Toulouse USA France x Nicholas Daish Marcel Escudier Topexpress Limited University of Liverpool/ Mech. Eng. Dep. Poseidon House/Castie Park P.O. Box 147 Cambridge CB3 ORD Liverpool L69 3BX England England Antonio Delgado Rodriguez Bob E. Falce ZARN Univ. Bremen, FB4 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Postfach 330440 Michigan State University D-2800 Bremen 32 East Lansing, MI 48824 Germany USA J. Deville Pandelis Fanourakis C.EAT. Univ. of Cambridge/Dept. of Eng. 43, rue de l'Aerodrome Trumpington Street F- 86036 Poitiers Cedex Cambridge CB2 1P Z France England J. Dickinson B.E. Forestier Dep. of Mechanical Eng. Inst de Mechan. des Fluids Univ. Laval, Cite Universitaire 1, Rue Honnorat Quebec, G1K 7P4 F- 13003 Marseille Canada France Lyazid Djenidi Rainer Friedrich Unite Mixte Univ. IM S T TU Muenchen, LehrsU.Strm. 12 Av. du Gen. Leclerc D-8000 Muenchen 2 F- 13003 Marseille Postfach 20 24 20 France Germany Themistocles Dracos Daniel H. Fruman IHW ENSTA Centre de I'Yvette ETHZ -Hoenggerberg Chemin de la Huniere CH-8093 Zuerich F- 91120 Palaiseau Switzerland France Regis Dumas Mohamed Gad-el-Hak Univ. d'Aix-Marseille IIIIMST Dept. of Aerospace & Mechanical Eng. 12 Av. du Gen. Leclerc University of Notre Dame F- 13003 Marseille Notre Dame, IN 46556 France USA Arthur Dyment Bernhard Gampert ONERA-IMFL Universitaet Essen GH 5 bd Paul Painleve FB 12 Stroemungsmechanik F- 59000 lilie D - 4300 Essen 1 France Germany Chaim Elata Spyros Gavrilakis Ben Gurion University of the Negev Inst. M.H & Mec. des Fluides P.O.Box 653 EPFL, ME-Ecublens Beer-Sheva 84105 CH-1015 Lausanne Israel Switzerland XI Hakan Gustavsson Osamu Inoue Lulea University of Technology Tohoku Univ.7/Inst. of Fluid Sc. Div. Fluid Mechanics 2-1-1 Katahira S-95187 Lulea Aoba-ku, Sendai 980 Schweden Japan Albert P. Gyr David F. James Inst. of Hydromechanics Dept.Mech.Eng. Univ.of Toronto ETl-IZ 5 King's College Road CH-8093 Zürich-Hoenggerberg Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4 Switzerland Canada Thomas J. Hanratty John Kim Dept.Chem.Eng. Univ.of Illinois Mail Stop 202A-1 1209 W.California,Box C-3,113 RAL NASA-Ames Research Center Urbana, lliinois 61801 Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA USA Tomiichi Hasegawa Harald Klein Fac. Eng.! Niigata University TU Muenchen/LehrsU.Stroemm. Ikarashi-2 Arcisstrasse 21 950-21 Niigata City D- 8000 München 2 Japan Germany Reinhard Hess Stephen Kline Inst. f. Fluiddynamics Mechanical Engineering ETl-IZ Stanford University CH-8092 Zürich Stanford, CA 94305 Switzerland USA Sebastian Hirschberg Köster Inst. f. Fluiddynamik Univ. Dortmundl Chemietechnik ETl-IZ Postfach500500 CH-8092 Zürich D-4600 Dortmund 60 Switzerland Germany Chih-Ming Ho Michat Krol University of South. California Universitaet Kaiserslautern Dept. Aerospace Engineering Postfach 3049/Fb Masch.w. Los Angeles, CA 90089-0192 D- 6750 Kaiserslautern USA Germany Hui-Chang Hou Marten Landahl Guangdong Res.lnst.of Hydraulic Eng. Dept. of Aeronautics & Astronautics Sougoulin, Saho M.I.T. Room 37-451 Guangzhou 510610 Cambridge, Mass. 02139 CHINA USA Jack W. Hoyt Shaoping Li Dept of Mechanical Engineering UMIST San Diego State University PO Box 88 San Diego, Ca. 92182-0191 Manchester,M60 1Q D USA England
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