Structure and Properties of Cell Membrane Structure and Properties of Cell Membranes : Volume II PDF
Preview Structure and Properties of Cell Membrane Structure and Properties of Cell Membranes : Volume II
Structure and Properties of Cell Membranes Volume II Molecular Basis of Selected Transport Systems Editor Gheorghe Benga, M.D., Ph.D. Head, Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Medicine Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute Cluj-Napoca, Romania CRC Press (ci*; Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business First published 1985 by CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 Reissued 2018 by CRC Press © 1985 by CRC Press, Inc. CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Molecular basis of selected transport systems. (Structure and properties of cell membranes; v. 2) Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Biological transport. 2. Molecular biology. I. Benga, Gheorghe. II Series. [DNLM: 1. Cell Membrane-physiology. 2. Cell Membrane—ultrastructure. 3. Biological Transport. QH 601 S9285] QH509.M65 1985 574.87’5 84-19942 ISBN 0-8493-5765-9 A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 84019943 Publisher’s Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent. Disclaimer The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to contact. ISBN 13: 978-1-315-89787-5 (hbk) ISBN 13: 978-1-351-07697-5 (ebk) Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com PREFACE In recent years it has become apparent that many essential functions of living cells are performed by membrane-associated events. Membranes are highly selective permeability barriers that impart their individuality on cells and organelles (Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, etc.) by forming boundaries around them and compartmentalizing specialized environments. By receptor movement and responses to external stimuli, membranes play a central role in biological communication. Owing to various enzymes attached to or embedded into membranes they are involved in many metabolic processes. The two important energy conversion processes, photosynthesis in chloroplasts and oxidative phosphorylation in mi tochondria, are carried out in membranes. To understand all these processes, which are essential for living organisms, it is necessary to understand the molecular nature of membrane structure and function. The main purpose of this book is to provide in-depth presentations of well-defined topics in membrane biology, focusing on the idea of structure-function relationships at the mo lecular level. The book consists of three volumes. Volume 1 covers general aspects of structure-function relationships in biological mem branes. Attention has been paid both to protein and lipid components of cell membranes regarding the interactions between these components, mobility of proteins and lipids, as well as to the physiological significance of membrane fluidity and lipid-dependence of membrane enzymes. Since some molecular components of the plasma membrane appear to function in concert with some component macromolecules of basement membranes a review of this expanding topic has been included. Volume 2 is devoted to models and techniques which allow molecular insights into cell membranes. After the first chapter describes quantum chemical studies of proton translo cation, several chapters present the most extensively used model systems (monomolecular films, planar lipid bilayers, and liposomes) in relation to biomembranes as well as the reconstitution of membrane transport systems. The description of some biophysical tech niques (X-ray, spin labeling ESR, NMR) is focused on their use in studying stucture-function relationships in cell membranes. The remaining chapters in this volume are devoted to the physiological significance of surface potential of membranes and of the dietary manipulation of lipid composition. Volume 3 covers transport at the molecular level in selected systems. The first chapters present basic kinetics and pH effects on membrane transport, while subsequent chapters focus on the effect of membrane lipids on permeability in prokaryotes or on Ca2+ perme ability. Three chapters describe structure-function relationships in mitochondrial H - ATPase, cytochrome oxidase, and adenine nucleotide carrier. The last chapter is devoted to exocytosis, endocytosis, and recycling of membranes, which are distinct, albeit overlap ping, cellular processes. From this survey it is obvious that by application of biochemical and biophysical techniques it is possible to explain membrane phenomena at the molecular level in a meaningful way. Moreover, it is now clear that the study of cell membranes at the molecular level is important for understanding the alterations leading to abnormal cells or the understanding of drug and pesticide action. The multidisciplinary approach of research in this area and the permanent need for information regarding the recent advances require new books on cell membranes. The present collection of reviews is by no means a comprehensive treatise on all aspects of “membranology”, rather a sampling of the status of selected topics. The volumes, providing contributions for reference purposes at the professional level, are broadly aimed at bioche mists, biologists, biophysicists, physicians, etc., active investigators working on cell mem branes and hopefully will also be of great help to teachers and students at both the undergraduate or postgraduate levels. THE EDITOR Dr. Gheorghe Benga, M.D., Ph.D., is the Head of the Department of Cell Biology at the Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. He is also heading the Laboratory of Human Genetics of the Cluj County Hospital. In 1967, Dr. Benga received an M.D. with academic honors from the Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute. After 3 years of internship (1966 to 1969) in basic medical sciences (biochemistry, microbiology), he studied for a Ph.D. in medical biochemistry from 1969 to 1972 under Prof. Ion Manta, Department of Biochemistry, at the same Institute. In 1972, Dr. Benga received a B.Sc. in Chemistry and in 1973, an M.Sc. in Physical Chemistry of Surfaces from the University of Cluj. From 1972 to 1978, Dr. Benga was Lecturer and Senior Lecturer in the Department of Biochemistry at the Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute. In 1974 he was awarded a Well come Trust European Travelling Fellowship and spent 1 year in England as a postdoctoral research worker under Prof. Dennis Chapman, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Sheffield and Chelsea College University of Fondon. In 1978, Dr. Benga was appointed to head the newly formed Department of Cell Biology at the Medical and Phar maceutical Institute. He is currently teaching cell biology to medical students. In addition to his other duties, Dr. Benga has spent several 1- to 3-month periods as a Visiting Scientist at many British and American universities and in 1983 was a Visiting Professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Dr. Benga has attended several international courses on biomembranes and has presented numerous papers at international and national meetings, as well as guest lectures at various universities and institutes in Romania, England, the U.S., the Netherlands, and Switzerland. He has taken an active part in the organization of three international workshops on biological membranes (1980, Cluj-Napoca — Romanian-British; 1981, Cluj-Napoca — Romanian- American; 1982, New York City — American-Romanian) and has published over 80 papers to date. Dr. Benga is the author of several text books of cell biology for medical students and of the book, Biologia molecularä a membranelor cu aplicapi medicale, published by Editura Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, 1979. He is the co-author of Metode biochimice in laboratorul clinic, Editura Dacia, 1976; co-editor of Biomembranes and Cell Function, New York Academy of Sciences, 1983; and co-editor of Membrane Processes: Molecular Biology and Medical Applications, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1984. His major interests in the field of biological membranes include the characterization of molecular composition and functional properties of human liver subcellular membranes, the molecular interactions (lipid-protein, lipid-sterol, and drug effects) in model and natural biomembranes, and the investigation of water diffusion through red blood cell membranes. Dr. Benga is President of the Cluj-Napoca Section of the Romanian National Society of Cell Biology and Vice-President of this Society. He is on the board of the Subcommission of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy and is on the editorial board of Clujul Medical. CONTRIBUTORS Angelo Azzi Josef Houstëk Medizinisch-Chemisches Institut Institute of Physiology Universität Bern Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences Bern, Switzerland Prague, Czechoslovakia Kurt Bill Jan Kopecky Medizinisch-Chemisches Institut Institute of Physiology Universität Bern Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences Bern, Switzerland Prague, Czechoslovakia Marc R. Block Laboratoire de Biochimie Arnost Kotyk Departement de Recherche Fondamentale Institute of Physiology Centre d’Etudes Nucléaires Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences Grenoble, France Prague, Czechoslovakia Reinhard Bolli Guy J.-M. Lauquin Medizinisch-Chemisches Institut Laboratoire de Biochimie Universität Bern Departement de Recherche Fondamentale Bern, Switzerland Centre d’Etudes Nucléaires Grenoble, France François Boulay Laboratoire de Biochimie Departement de Recherche Fondamentale Ronald N. McElhaney Centre d’Etudes Nucléaires Professor Grenoble, France Deparment of Biochemistry University of Alberta Gérard Brandolin Edmonton, Alberta Laboratoire de Biochimie Canada Departement de Recherche Fondamentale Centre d’Etudes Nucléaires Grenoble, France D. James Morré Professor Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Robert P. Casey Medizinisch-Chemisches Institut Biological Sciences, and Purdue Cancer Center Universität Bern Purdue University Bern, Switzerland West Lafayette, Indiana Zdenëk Drahota Director Katarzyma A. Nafçcz Institue of Physiology Medizinisch-Chemisches Institut Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences Universität Bern Prague, Czechoslovakia Bern, Switzerland Ross P. Holmes Senior Food Scientist Maciej J. Nalçcz Burnsides Research Laboratory Department of Cellular Biochemistry University of Illinois Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Urbana, Illinois Warsaw, Poland Paul O’Shea Pierre V. Vignais Medizinisch-Chemisches Institut Laboratoire de Biochimie Universität Bern Departement de Recherche Fondamentale Bern, Switzerland Centre d’Etudes Nucléaires Grenoble, France Lech Wojtczak Department of Cellular Biochemistry Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Warsaw, Poland STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF CELL MEMBRANES Gheorghe Benga Volume I The Evolution of Membrane Models Protein-Protein Interactions in Cell Membranes Lateral Mobility of Proteins in Membranes Lateral Diffusion of Lipids Topological Asymmetry and Flip-Flop of Phospholipids in Biological Membranes Membrane Fluidity: Molecular Basis and Physiological Significance Lipid Dependence of Membrane Enzymes Protein-Lipid Interactions in Biological Membranes Basement Membrane Structure, Function, and Alteration in Disease Volume II Basic Kinetics of Membrane Transport pH Effects on Membrane Transport The Effect of Membrane Lipids on Permeability and Transport in Prokaryotes The Influence of Membrane Lipids on the Permeability of Membranes to Ca2 + Molecular Aspects of Structure-Function Relationship in Mitochondrial H + -ATPase Molecular Aspects of the Structure-Function Relationship in Cytochrome c Oxidase Molecular Aspects of the Structure-Function Relationships in Mitochondrial Adenine Nucleotide Carrier Exocytosis, Endocytosis, and Recycling of Membranes The Surface Potential of Membranes: Its Effect on Membrane-Bound Enzymes and Transport Processes Volume III Quantum Chemical Approach to Study the Mechanisms of Proton Translocation Across Membranes Through Protein Molecules Monomolecular Films as Biomembrane Models Planar Lipid Bilayers in Relation to Biomembranes Relation of Liposomes to Cell Membranes Reconstitution of Membrane Transport Systems Structure-Function Relationships in Cell Membranes as Revealed by X-Ray Techniques Structure-Function Relationships in Cell Membranes as Revealed by Spin Labeling EPR Structure and Dynamics of Cell Membranes as revealed by NMR Techniques The Effect of Dietary Lipids on the Composition and Properties of Biological Membranes TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume II Chapter 1 Basic Kinetics of Membrane Transport......................................................................................... 1 Arnost Kotyk Chapter 2 pH Effects on Membrane Transport..............................................................................................11 Arnost Kotyk Chapter 3 The Effect of Membrane Lipids on Permeability and Transport in Prokaryotes.....................19 Ronald N. McElhaney Chapter 4 The Influence of Membrane Lipids on the Permeability of Membranes to Ca2+ .................53 Ross P. Holmes Chapter 5 Molecular Aspects of Structure-Function Relationship in Mitochondrial H +-ATPase 77 Jan Kopeckÿ, Josef Housték, and Zdenëk Drahota Chapter 6 Molecular Aspects of the Structure-Function Relationship in Cytochrome c Oxidase... 105 Angelo Azzi, Kurt Bill, Reinhard Bolli, Robert P. Casey, Katarzyma A. Nalçcz, and Paul O’Shea Chapter 7 Molecular Aspects of Structure-Function Relationships in Mitochondrial Adenine Nucleotide Carrier..........................................................................................................139 Pierre V. Vignais, Marc R. Block, François Boulay, Gérard Brandolin, and Gùy J.- M. Lauquin Chapter 8 Exocytosis, Endocytosis, and Recycling of Membranes.........................................................181 D. James Morré Chapter 9 The Surface Potential of Membranes: Its Effect on Membrane-Bound Enzymes andTransport Processes.................................................................................................215 Lech Wojtczak and Maciej J. Nalçcz Index 243 Volume II 1 Chapter 1 BASIC KINETICS OF MEMBRANE TRANSPORT Arnost Kotyk TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction................................................................................................................................2 II. Nonspecific Permeation..........................................................................................................2 III. Specific Transport ...................................................................................................................3 A. Specific Channels or Pores.....................................................................................3 B. Specific Carriers.........................................................................................................4 References..............................................................................................................................................9
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