Structure and Function of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

594 Pages·1985·24.313 MB·English

by  Sidney Fleischer and Yuji Tonomura (Eds.)

Academic Press Rapid Manuscript Reproduction
Proceedings of a Symposium on Structure and Function of
Sacroplasmic Reticulum
Held at Kansai Seminar House
Ikuno, Dojo-Cho, Kita-ku, Kobe, Japan
November, 1982
Structure and Function
of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Edited by
Sidney Fleischer
Department of Molecular Biology
Wanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee
Yuji Tonomura
Department of Biology
Faculty of Science
Osaka University
Osaka, japan
1985
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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA
Symposium on Structure and Function of Sarcoplasmic
Reticulum (1982 : Kobe, Japan)
Structure and function of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Organized as part of the United States-Japan
Cooperative Science Program.
Includes index.
1. Sarcoplasmic reticulum —Congresses. I. Fleischer,
Sidney. II. Tonomura, Yuji. III. United States-Japan
Cooperative Science Program. IV. Title.
QH603.S27S96 1985 591.Γ852 83-21556
ISBN 0-12-260380-X (alk. paper)
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
9876 5 4321
Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin.
Hiroshi Abe (561), First Department of Medicine, Osaka University School of Medi
cine, Osaka, Japan
Bruno Agostini (19), Max-Planck-Institute of Medical Research, Heidelberg, Fed
eral Republic of Germany
Indu S. Ambudkar (577), Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Mary
land School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Nelly Bennett (225, 389), Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire,
Centre d! Etudes Nucleaires de Grenoble, Grenoble I Cedex, France
Charles Berenski (155), Biophysics Laboratory, Veterans Administration Medical
Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
J. K. Blasie (51), Departments of Chemistry and Biochemisty I Biophysics, Uni
versity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and Department of
Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York
Werner Boll (305), Department of Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Re
search, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
Mildred Cohn (207), Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of
Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Leopoldo de Meis (353), Instituto Ciencias Biomedicas, Departmento Bioquimica,
Universidade Federal Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Univerntaria-Ilha Fundao
21910, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Yves Dupont (225, 389), Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Centre
dEtudes Nucleaires de Grenoble, Grenoble/'Cedex, France
Setsuro Ebashi (1), Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan
Makoto Endo (521), Department of Pharmacology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo,
Japan
Alexandre Fabiato (479), Department of Physiology, Medical College of Virginia,
Richmond, Virginia 23284
Sidney S. Fleischer (51, 119, 155), Department of Molecular Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37203
XI
Xll Contributors
Jeffrey P. Froehlich (277, 297), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of
Health, Gerontology Research Center, Baltimore City Hospitals, Baltimore,
Maryland 21224
Minoru Hamada (297), Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ehime University,
Ehime 791-02 Japan
Hikaru Harafuji (411), Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University School of
Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
Wilhelm Hasselbach (19), Max-Planck-Institute of Medical Research, Heidelberg,
Federal Republic of Germany
Phillip F. Heller (277), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health,
Gerontology Research Center, Baltimore City Hospitals, Baltimore, Maryland
21224
Leo Herbette (51), Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry! Biophysics, Univer
sity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and Department of
Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, and Division of
Cardiology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Con
necticut 06032
Ken-ichiro Higashi (101), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo,
Tokyo, Japan
Lin Hymel (155), Department of Molecular Biology Vanderbilt University, Nash
ville, Tennessee 37203
Noriaki Ikemoto (395), Department of Muscle Research, Boston Biomedical Re
search Institute, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts 02138
Yasutada Imamura (63), Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, College of Gen
eral Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Giuseppe Inesi (191, 249), Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Mary
land School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Makoto Inui (561), First Department of Medicine, Osaka University School of Medi
cine, Osaka, Japan
Chan Jung (155), Biophysics Laboratory, Veterans Administration Medical Center,
State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
Masaaki Kadoma (561), First Department of Medicine, Osaka University School of
Medicine, Osaka, Japan
Tohru Kanazawa (325), Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical College,
Asahikawa, Japan
Michiki Kasai (147, 537), Department of Biophysical Engineering, Faculty of En
gineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Masao Kawakita (63), Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, College of Gen
eral Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Do Han Kim (395), Department of Muscle Research, Boston Biomedical Research
Institute and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts 02115
Contributors Xlll
Yutaka Kirino (101, 453), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo,
Tokyo, Japan
Y Komatsu (461), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo
113, Japan
Nagomi Kurebayashi (411, 429), Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo Uni
versity School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
Mark Kurzmack (191), Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Mary
land School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Jean-Jacques Lacapere (225), Departement de Biologie, Centre d'Etudes Nu
cleates, Saclay/Cedex, France
David Lewis (191), Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
David H. MacLennan (91), Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Uni
versity of Toronto, C.H. Best Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Madoka Makinose (305), Department of Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Medi
cal Research, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
Andreas Maurer (155), Department of Molecular Biology, Vanderbilt University,
Nashville, Tennessee 37240
Pankaj Medda (19), Max-Planck-Institute of Medical Research, Heidelberg, Fed
eral Republic of Germany
Andrea Migala (19), Max-Planck-Institute of Medical Research, Heidelberg, Fed
eral Republic of Germany
Hiroshi Morii (439), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Osaka University,
Osaka, Japan
Kazuo Nagasaki (537), Department of Biophysical Engineering, Faculty of En
gineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Hiroshi Nakamura1 (337), Department of Etiology and Pathophysiology and Depart
ment of Molecular Physiology, National Cardiovascular Center Research Insti
tute, Osaka, Japan
Yoichi Nakamura (179), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Osaka Uni
versity, Osaka, Japan
Kazuki Nunogaki (537), Department of Biophysical Engineering, Faculty of En
gineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Yasuo Ogawa (411, 429), Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University
School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
Hiromichi Okuda (297), Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ehime University,
Ehime 791-02, Japan
Masanori Osakabe (453), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo,
Tokyo, Japan
Present address: Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
21201.
XIV Contributors
D. Pascolini (51), Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry!Biophysics, Uni
versity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
D.H. Pierce (51), Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry! Biophysics, Uni
versity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Elizabeth Pintado (207), Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of
Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Richard Pougeois (225), Department de Recherches Fondamentales, Centre
dEtudes Nucleaires, Grenoble I Cedex, France
Reinhart A. F. Reithmeier (91), Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Kimiko Saito (63), Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, College of General
Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
J. George Sarmiento (297), Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut,
Farmington, Connecticut 06032
Antonio Scarpa (51, 207), Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University
of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Adil E. Shamoo (577), Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Munekazu Shigekawa (337), Department of Etiology and Pathophysiology and
Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cardiovascular Center
Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
Hiroshi Shimizu (461, 453), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
V. Skita (51), Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry/Biophysics, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Masahiro Sokabe (537), Department of Behaviorology, Faculty of Human Science,
Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Michihiro Sumida (297), Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ehime University,
Ehime 791-02 Japan
Michihiko Tada (561), First Department of Medicine, Osaka University School of
Medicine, Osaka, Japan
Takahisa Taguchi (147), Department of Biophysical Engineering, Faculty of En
gineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Yuichi Takakuwa (325), Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical College,
Asahikawa, Japan
Hitoshi Takenaka (297), Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Far
mington, Connecticut 06032
Charles Tanford (259), Department of Physiology, Duke University Medical Center,
Durham, North Carolina 27706
Manabu Tanifuji (537), Department of Biophysical Engineering, Faculty of En
gineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Yuji Tonomura (163, 179), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Osaka Uni
versity, Osaka, Japan
Contributors XV
Wofgang Waas (19), Max-Planck-Institute of Medical Research, Heidelberg, Fed
eral Republic of Germany
Shigeo Wakabayashi (337), Department of Etiology and Pathophysiology, and De
partment of Molecular Physiology, National Cardiovascular Center Research
Institute, Osaka, Japan
Takahide Watanabe2 (249), Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Mary
land, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
James M. Watras (297), Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Far-
mington, Connecticut 06032
Y Yamaguchi (461), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo,
Tokyo 113 Japan
Taibo Yamamoto (163), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Osaka Uni
versity Osaka, Japan
Robert E. Yantorno3 (163), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Osaka Uni
versity, Osaka, Japan
Kimiko Yasuoka-Yabe4 (63), Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, College of
General Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
2Present address: Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cardiovascular Center Research In
stitute, Osaka,Japan.
3Present address: Upper Darby, Pennsylvania 19082.
4Present address: The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Preface
This volume on "The Structure and Function of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum" is based
on an International Conference held at Kansai Seminar House in Kobe, Japan, No
vember 1-4, 1982. To our knowledge, it was the first symposium devoted largely to
sarcoplasmic reticulum. In this volume we have assembled what is known about sar
coplasmic reticulum, i.e., historical development, current knowledge and state of
the art, and future perspectives.
The study of sarcoplasmic reticulum is important because of its central role in
muscle physiology and as a prototype for the understanding of the molecular biology
of a membrane pump. Among the many biomembranes serving to transport cations,
sarcoplasmic reticulum attracts special interest since active calcium transport by this
membrane system provides one of the simplest and most effective ways to gain in
sight into the molecular mode of energy transduction in which chemical energy is
converted to osmotic work and vice versa. The maintenance of a large calcium ion
concentration gradient across the cell membrane, i.e., low intracellular free calcium
ion concentration, is essential for the viability of all cells. This is because the fine
tuning of the intracellular free calcium ion concentration modulates many cell func
tions. A variety of transporters are present in different cell membranes, including the
plasmalemma, endoplasmic reticulum, and the mitochondrion, which contribute to
the regulation and maintenance of such gradients. The most important type is the
ATP-driven calcium pump which translocates calcium from the cytoplasm either out
of the cell or into the intracellular compartments.
Muscle contraction and relaxation are regulated by the intracellular free calcium
concentration which acts as a "second messenger." In this regard, sarcoplasmic retic
ulum performs three functions: (1) it is an intracellular compartment for the storage
of calcium; (2) it is involved in the calcium release process which triggers muscle
contraction; and (3) it contains the calcium pumping machinery for the energized up
take of calcium enabling muscle to relax. Highly purified sarcoplasmic reticulum
from fast skeletal muscle is a specialized membrane which consists mainly of the cal
cium pump protein (approximately 90% of the membrane protein), also referred to
as the Ca2 + -ATPase, Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase, or Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent ATPase.
The calcium pump protein, of approximately 115 kilodaltons, has been shown by re-
constitution studies to be the pumping molecule. Similar calcium pumping ma-
xvn
XV111 Preface
chinery is present in sarcoplasmic reticulum from many muscle types such as fast
skeletal, slow skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle, and from diverse sources, i.e.,
from insects to mammals and birds. Calcium pumps are also present in membranes
from various types of nonmuscle cells. There are important differences in calcium
pump proteins yet to be fully detailed in terms of primary protein sequence, struc
ture, size, immunological cross-reactivity, and in regulation. Since isolated
sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles, or "fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum," are
capable of energized calcium uptake, the pumping cycle has been described in some
detail. Less is known about the calcium release process although extensive research
activity is ongoing in this direction. The calcium pump protein from heart sar
coplasmic reticulum has been shown to be modulated by both calcium (and
calmodulin) and cyclic AMP by way of two different types of protein kinases. The
study of this modulation furthers our understanding of how biological pumps can be
regulated.
The book is organized in five sections. The first section consists of a historical
background and critical overview by Professors Ebashi and Hasselbach, respec
tively, who participated in the conference and in the discovery of sarcoplasmic re
ticulum which occurred scarcely 25 years ago. The remaining four sections deal with
the chemistry and ultrastructure of the calcium pump protein in sarcoplasmic re
ticulum (Section II), kinetics and thermodynamics of the calcium pumping mech
anism (Section III), the calcium release process (Section IV), and regulation of
calcium uptake and release (Section V). The contributions are from many of the key
laboratories in the field. In essence, the various dimensions in the study of sar
coplasmic reticulum as a pump and its role in muscle contraction and relaxation have
been included.
The study of sarcoplasmic reticulum is truly multidisciplinary in scope and inter
national in effort. We are grateful to the participants of the conference for sharing
their knowledge and enthusiasm and for contributing their chapters.
The symposium was organized by Sidney Fleischer and Yuji Tonomura as part of
the United States-Japan Cooperative Science Program. In addition to scientists from
the United States and Japan we were fortunate to have a number of participants from
other countries as well. The conference was funded by the National Science Foun
dation of the United States (Grant number INT-8121353) and the Japan Society for
the Promotion of Science. Further support was provided by Osaka University First
Department of Medicine by Professors Hiroshi Abe and Michihiko Tada and by
Osaka University Department of Biology, Faculty of Science by Professor Yuji Tono
mura. The Advisory Committee included Professors Hiroshi Abe, Setsuro Ebashi,
Makoto Endo, Giuseppe Inesi, and Michihiko Tada. The friendly atmosphere and
the efficient operation of the conference was due to the considerable efforts of
the host committee from the University of Osaka, including Y. Tonomura,
T Yamamoto, H. Abe, H. Takisawa, T. Arata, S. Yamashita, T. Watanabe, S. Waka-
bayashi, M. Kadoma, M. Yamada, M. Inui, and F. Ishikura.
Shortly after the conference was over we were informed that Professor Yuji Tono
mura had died. His passing is a considerable loss to science, especially in the fields