Structure and Flow in Surfactant Solutions PDF
Preview Structure and Flow in Surfactant Solutions
acs.org 8.fw001 Structure and Flow ubs.057 in Surfactant Solutions p://p994- 7, 2012 | htt0.1021/bk-1 11 October 94 | doi: 6 on 9, 19 4.13ber 3m ed by 89.163.n Date: Dece do oaati wnlblic ou DP In Structure and Flow in Surfactant Solutions; Herb, C., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994. acs.org 8.fw001 bs.57 u0 p://p994- 7, 2012 | htt0.1021/bk-1 11 October 94 | doi: 6 on 9, 19 4.13ber 3m ed by 89.163.n Date: Dece do oaati wnlblic ou DP In Structure and Flow in Surfactant Solutions; Herb, C., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994. A CS SYMPOSIUM S E R I ES 578 Structure and Flow in Surfactant Solutions acs.org 8.fw001 CraHigel eAne. HCuerrtibs, ,I ncE. DITOR bs.57 u0 p://p994- Robert K. Prud'homme, 7, 2012 | htt0.1021/bk-1 Princeton University EDITOR 11 October 94 | doi: 4.136 on ber 9, 19 Developed from a symposium sponsored 3m by the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry ed by 89.163.n Date: Dece of atht eth Aem 2Ce0hr6iitcchaa gnNo Ca, tIhiolelnimnaoilc iMsa,l eSeotciniegt y, do wnloablicati August 22-27, 1993 ou DP American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1994 In Structure and Flow in Surfactant Solutions; Herb, C., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Structure and flow in surfactant solutions / Craig A. Herb, editor, Robert K. Prud'homme, editor. p. cm.—(ACS symposium series, ISSN 0097-6156; 578) "Developed from a symposium sponsored by the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry at the 206th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois, August 22-27, 1993." acs.org 8.fw001 IInScBluNd 0es-8 b4ib1l2io-g3r0a5p4h-ic4a l references and indexes. bs.57 1. Surface active agents—Congresses. 2. Rheology—Congresses. u0 p://p994- I. Herb, Craig A., 1951- . II. Prud'homme, Robert K., 1948- 7, 2012 | htt0.1021/bk-1 CTICIPIhh.e9i cm9Aa4gims.oStre,7 yr6Ii.cl la.)nI1 V9 V9.C. 4 ASh emermieeriscic.a aln S oCchieetmy.i caDl iSvoisciioetny . ofM eCeotilnlogid ( 2a0n6tdh :S u1r9fa9c3e: October 194 | doi: 1 660'.2945—dc20 94-3893C1IP 6 on 9, 19 4.13ber TSthaen dpaarpde rfo ur sIendfo irnm tahtiios np Sucbielincacetiso—nP meremetasn ethncee m oifn iPmaupemr rfoeqru Pirreinmteednt Ls iborfa rAym Meraitcearnia Nls,a AtioNnSaIl 3m ed by 89.163.n Date: Dece ZAC3mo9pe.y4rri8icg-a1hn9t 8 C©4h. e1m99i4ca l Society do oaati All Rights Reserved. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page of each wnlblic cchhaapptteerr imn athyi sb ev omluamdee ifnodric apteerss otnhael coopr yirnigtehrtn oawl nuesre's ocro nfsoern tth thea pt errespornoaglr aoprh iicn tceorpniaels ousf et hoef ou DP specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 27 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to copying or transmission by any means—graphic or electronic—for any other purpose, such as for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating a new collective work, for resale, or for information storage and retrieval systems. The copying fee for each chapter is indicated in the code at the bottom of the first page of the chapter. The citation of trade names and/or names of manufacturers in this publication is not to be construed as an endorsement or as approval by ACS of the commercial products or services referenced herein; nor should the mere reference herein to any drawing, specification, chemical process, or other data be regarded as a license or as a conveyance of any right or permission to the holder, reader, or any other person or corporation, to manufacture, reproduce, use, or sell any patented invention or copyrighted work that may in any way be related thereto. Registered names, trademarks, etc., used in this publication, even without specific indication thereof, are not to be considered unprotected by law. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA In Structure and Flow in Surfactant Solutions; Herb, C., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994. 1994 Advisory Board ACS Symposium Series M. Joan Comstock, Series Editor Robert J. Alaimo Douglas R. Lloyd Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals The University of Texas at Austin Mark Arnold Cynthia A. Maryanoff University of Iowa R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute David Baker bs.acs.org 578.fw001 UAnriivnedrsaimty oBf oTseen nessee JWuelisUute.sSr n.J D.C eMoptaterontnmn Reneste oarf cAhg Lriacbuoltruarteor y, u0 Pfizer Central Research p://p994- Roger A. Minear 7, 2012 | htt0.1021/bk-1 RNMaoavbragel raRtr eeFste. a ABrc.r haC dLayav,b aoJnrraa. utogrhy UVnianivtce erUsnrittb yaP onefa c-ICollirhnaaormios p aign 11 October 94 | doi: ANarttihonuar l BS.c iEenllcies Foundation UMnaivresrhsaitlyl oPfh Millicihpisg an 6 on 9, 19 University of Wisconsin at Madison Delmont Laboratories 4.13ber Dennis W. Hess George W. Roberts 3m ed by 89.163.n Date: Dece LHIBeiMhriog Ashhl mUi naIidtvoee nrs Rityes earch Center NAM.o arTctahrlua Csmtaeraro nlCi noSalcl eShgtwea taer Utzn iversity do ownloaublicati MUnaivdeerlseitiyn eo f MPe. nJnosuyllvlaien ia JUonhivne rRsit. yS ohfa Iplllienyoi s DP at Urbana-Champaign Lawrence P. Klemann Nabisco Foods Group L. Somasundaram DuPont Gretchen S. Kohl Dow-Corning Corporation Michael D. Taylor Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Bonnie Lawlor Institute for Scientific Information Peter Willett University of Sheffield (England) In Structure and Flow in Surfactant Solutions; Herb, C., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994. Foreword THE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES was first published in 1974 to provide a mechanism for publishing symposia quickly in book bs.acs.org 578.fw001 fbinoo romtkim.s edT"eh voeef l potpuherepd o cfsurero rmoefn stty hrmiessp esoaesrriacieh, s w bihse iicntohg apdruoenb leuis shouna cl loyam "tposrnpeaihcpe,s nhpsoilvutses p://pu994-0 ssaormye th raevt itehwe mpaapteerrisa bl eo np uthbeli sthoepdic a. s Fqouirc kthlyis a rse apsoosnsi,b ilte .i s neces 7, 2012 | htt0.1021/bk-1 pthreo ptoBospeeifdco rtaean badl es fy oomrf p ccooosminutpmern-ebthsae sniessd ivr beevnoioeeskws eisdo fpf uothtr e ua npcdopelrlroe pcctoriinoanttre.an ceSts,os tm htoee 11 6 on October 9, 1994 | doi: pTrpoaahuppinsee rdras no isuoa nrtp yetem heereox- urcselcsuvo dirpeeewevd ieo edfaw tt p hprtehri ooivrsco eltsuposmo ifnieisn.t ,as Iulan pna eacdrdc vedoipsitttehiadoenrn cbs,e ya a odrthrrea e rf aetod jroedgcfe atedinoa incztho. 4.13ber er^) of the symposium, who become the editor(s) of the book. 3m ed by 89.163.n Date: Dece wTmcahhemeno ed arcaahut-etirohcenokarsd t shy oa tchft oe apbnlyo l ,trn heaev ncietsdhses e sau trhbryeem ivrriie etvpw itashepiroeesn r fssian hnaaacdlv cp oetar hbpdeeei enrnesgd mttiootoa drtthshe,e.e p errdeeciptooamrrse , do oaati As a rule, only original research papers and original re wnlblic view papers are included in the volumes. Verbatim reproduc ou DP tions of previously published papers are not accepted. M. Joan Comstock Series Editor In Structure and Flow in Surfactant Solutions; Herb, C., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994. Preface ALTHOUGH THE RHEOLOGY OF SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS has been the focus of industrial and academic research for much of this century, only during the past decade has a quantitative understanding of the underlying phenomena begun to emerge. This understanding of the causes of flow behavior and the development of reliable models takes us beyond empirical characterization of individual samples and provides the org 001 ability to predict the behavior of whole classes of systems. In addition, 7, 2012 | http://pubs.acs.0.1021/bk-1994-0578.pr wtiaoanhuspesrsepie glmMhihrueahbntadv elnd ieoitneyno lrg otr spog tethsaai actnpectrahh deuslreeic ons btdlu gude hrh tayoeiaano svfvpan eimtoto hhoibrniaefc e tt ome rbftnahahe t enhte ophyaywlueov rhsbcgieoeailylcir ens hs vho oo afeflponfud rrstt mseu iopuodr.nrnrfi ocaf satbAct ichtvlpatleiatemnrshn o ttotsv tosu.osi o dopglaelhisucns t ,fdci uaoa arn tnntthsho d ebeow relav i laaflnsod ruurcviocom acugnneabsctsii eesnnfsrsuiue n lloieflgny,f- 11 6 on October 9, 1994 | doi: bema xoococerokleml e agnpsetsrn eeemhrreeabvnlli seebiswvo efo o karvrs ott iholcunelme f ssieu r hrsftatahv tcaiemtta neadt pseapa. celsoaT lrloeee xdcdct ailiuotnesn, i v jhooeofluy wrp naewvapeliestrrh ,s a tnothhndeer t aehs sehu abcrshjhe aencpoto.lt ote rgbTsye h eioinnsf y 89.163.34.13ate: December sTrtaueonvrpifteasicw,c stma coniofxtv essedoor mlesuduteri oi fnoanccfslt uatthndhetea tstp yhrrsaeatn ecrmgthiecse afo, rllao oingnmdyd dusooissftlc ursuitoasiloslui noatsinpo psnc losiocn fact otatihnionetnioansri ngeoit npifc goatl hyln emmosveeoer dlss eys alussntr edtfmao/oc sar . bD oaded ation oththee lrin aedadr itaivneds .n oTnhlien emaro dreelginimge os fi sv irsceopeolratsetdic. sTuhrfea cutnandet rplyhinasge sst riunc tbuortehs wnlblic responsible for the rheology are covered in many of the chapters, and ou DP include discussions of cryo-transmission electron microscopy, small-angle neutron scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, light scattering, time- resolved fluorescence quenching, NMR spectroscopy, rheo-optical tech niques, and optical probe diffusion as methods for studying the link between structure and rheology. The effect of shear fields on solution structure and phase behavior is also considered. The multidisciplinary nature of the field is reflected in the range of backgrounds represented by the authors of this book. For example, solu tions of cylindrical surfactant micelles provide an opportunity for the study of "living polymer" systems. Other surfactant systems form liquid- crystalline phases and "self-assemble" in ways that often mimic biological membranes. The wealth of phenomena and the analogies with other xi In Structure and Flow in Surfactant Solutions; Herb, C., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994. fields of condensed matter physics, physical chemistry, and biophysics makes the research reported here of interest to physicists, pharmaceutical scientists, chemical engineers, polymer scientists, mechanical engineers, and chemists. Almost one-fourth of the chapters include industrial authors representing the surfactant, pharmaceutical, petroleum, personal care, and chemical industries. Contributing authors represent the United States, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, Netherlands, Israel, Spain, and Australia. The book is arranged in five sections. The first section (Chapters 1-4) as well as the first chapter of each subsequent section (Chapters 5, 18, 23, and 25) provides sufficient review material to serve as an introduc tion to the topic for people just entering the field. At the same time, these chapters and the remainder of the book contain enough new acs.org 8.pr001 min apterroigarle stos ipnr othviids eim ap coormtapnrte ahreenasi voef cuoplldoaitde a onfd t shuer fianctee rsncaietniocnea. l research 7, 2012 | http://pubs.0.1021/bk-1994-057 AvTCehcorekmy n pgsoyawemnnleyepdr,o goasmuinusedm ns utW spo pintoc rwot h Coicfo hrH pteohlreians teibo oCnou.k rA tiisds, d Ibintaicso.e,n dHa lwe snaukspe plmo Cratod rewp aoprso asptsiirobonlve, i Sdbteeydp abthnye 11 October 94 | doi: tBrheosehesaleirn cc hoIemnrspstr auinnmicelesun dmtsin,a dgIe na ci .tv eaprnoysd s siPbighlney isffiioccaran uUts S pAtoe, r bcIenrnicnt.a gg Tteoh goee ftfh utenhrde i ani nglat repgrrneo avgtiridooenudap lbl oyyf 6 on 9, 19 recognized leaders in this field. We thank these donors for their impor 13er tant contribution to the success of the symposium. We also thank Liang y 89.163.34.ate: Decemb Basinsi sCtahnecne, dWureiin Mg tehie S usynm, Mpoisciuhmell ea nAd. Lduornign,g a tnhde Tedreitfionrg A o.f Ethviasn bso fookr. their bD oaded ation CRAIG A. HERB wnlblic Helene Curtis, Inc. DoPu 4401 West North Avenue Chicago, IL 60639-4769 ROBERT K. PRUD'HOMME Department of Chemical Engineering Olden Street Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08544-5263 August 31, 1994 xii In Structure and Flow in Surfactant Solutions; Herb, C., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994. Chapter 1 Viscoelastic Surfactant Solutions H. Hoffmann Physical Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany org 001 acs.8.ch bs.57 p://pu994-0 Atio nresv. iTewhe i sv igscivoeenla ostnic rphreoopleorgtiiecsa li dna ttha eo dfi vscisucsoseelda sstyics tesumrfsa catraen td usoel uto 7, 2012 | htt0.1021/bk-1 melcinokitncea crnoetgshnltteerrdu ac ctithoutahnrrer,g e aetahn deddl i zektheneres oi tc myshh iaecoiaenfrll l etevnhsigse. ct hoIm nsoii ftci steehuslle ced hsse ,up restfhonaldceut atssintoartlno.t sn F gaoltnyrh d aao t n 1c oc%hsoau nvsrodefail tucittothianonissnt 6 on October 19, 1994 | doi: 1 tffc(hooηeerron tvss=ryaihs st(icitecoeol/mncds*i est)rdy xa w n cowigartineh tns hvc e xahtuhra ty=rerag blve1 ed.ist5sw ycu s-oent ees8smnih.t5 iisoe)e .snl wd Tese hhhdaioen c mwhdla i1racsg0erie6melsl etmpc svllP eoaa asnlpused.o e twsOto hefv eorteh rrsle mxae xw Laatle1rl ene/bLsd etoαe hbdv-aps avcehliuroaovensueserd 34.13mber benotu nsdcaisrsyi.o Tn hmee vcahrainoiusms esx apos npernotpso aserde ebxyp lMain. eCda toens .t hMea bnays visi socro edliaffsetirc ded by 89.163.on Date: Dece toIrnfot elv nath rieno esfuuclseor fswaasrc aebtraayens ht tao osvfo ipdolueruettreiv oraegnnnesdtn s cpthhyaoe,r w tiivnc sil siepmcsao preotlilerca uMsotliiaalcr x d pwirrnooe ppcllloe ebrsttemsih eetsaht viaociotfs ,ufh lriau.t v iidess ob(ef/ e)imn. Fpduoirsrttphaeenrrcsmee dot roie nc i ottn hise oaati aqueous phase from sedimenting or from creaming. All these objectives can be wnlblic achieved with surfactants, which organize themselves into supramolecular structures. ou DP Such systems have viscoelastic properties. They are optically transparent, look alike and they contain only a few percent of surfactants or sometimes other additives. The networks which can exist in these solutions can, however, have a different origin and morphology. In this symposium we are mainly concerned with networks from long cylindrical micelles. These micelles have been described as worm-, thread- or rodlike in the literature. These terms were chosen in order to express that the micelles have some intrinsic flexibility and that the micelles cannot be visualized as being stiff if their contour length is longer than their persistence length. The persistence length de pends, however, on many different parameters like charge density of the micelles, ex cess salt concentration, chainlength of the surfactant and so on and can vary a lot. Values for the persistence length have been determined which range from 100Â to a few 1000Â. So, to describe cylindrical micelles as stiff or flexible depends very much on the conditions and one's own liking. In this article the terms worm-, thread- or rodlike will be used interchangeably. Viscoelastic systems from entangled rodlike mi celles can be made from practically every surfactant. They can be prepared from 0097-6156/94/0578~0002$09.80/0 © 1994 American Chemical Society In Structure and Flow in Surfactant Solutions; Herb, C., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994.
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