Structural steel designer's handbook

944 Pages·2011·12.514 MB·English

by  Merritt, Frederick S.;Brockenbrough, R. L

STRUCTURAL
STEEL
DESIGNER’S
HANDBOOK
About ASCE Press
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
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STRUCTURAL
STEEL
DESIGNER’S
HANDBOOK
Roger L. Brockenbrough,
P.E. Editor
President
R. L. Brockenbrough & Associates, Inc.
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Frederick S. Merritt,
P.E. Editor (Deceased)
Consulting Engineer
West Palm Beach, Florida
Fifth Edition
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ABOUTTHE EDITORS
Roger L. Brockenbrough, P.E., is president of R. L. Brockenbrough & Associates, Inc.
He was a senior research consultant for U.S. Steel, where he worked for 30 years until
retiring. Mr. Brockenbrough is a member of AISI, AISC, and ASTM committees, and
is an ASCE Fellow. He is the editor of Highway Engineering Handbook, now in its
Third Edition, and a contributor to Standard Handbook for Civil Engineers, now in its
Fifth Edition.
Frederick S. Merritt,P.E.(deceased), was a consulting engineer for many years with expe-
rience in building and bridge design, structural analysis, and construction management.
A Fellow of ASCE and a Senior Member of ASTM, he was a senior editor of Engineering
News-Recordand author or editor of many books, including Standard Handbook for Civil
Engineers, now in its Fifth Edition.
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CONTENTS
Contributors xiii
Preface to the Fifth Edition xv
Preface to the Second Edition xvii
Factors for Conversion to SI Units of Measurement xix
Chapter 1. Properties of Structural Steels and Effects of Steelmaking
and Fabrication Roger L.Brockenbrough,P.E. 1.1
1.1 Structural Steel Shapes and Plates / 1.1
1.2 Steel-Quality Designations / 1.7
1.3 Steel Sheet and Strip for Structural Applications / 1.7
1.4 Tubing for Structural Applications / 1.10
1.5 Steel Cable for Structural Applications / 1.11
1.6 Tensile Properties / 1.12
1.7 Properties in Shear / 1.14
1.8 Hardness Tests / 1.14
1.9 Effect of Cold Work on Tensile Properties / 1.15
1.10 Effect of Strain Rate on Tensile Properties / 1.16
1.11 Effect of Elevated Temperatures on Tensile Properties / 1.17
1.12 Fatigue / 1.20
1.13 Brittle Fracture / 1.20
1.14 Residual Stresses / 1.22
1.15 Lamellar Tearing / 1.23
1.16 Welded Splices in Heavy Sections / 1.24
1.17 k-Area Cracking / 1.24
1.18 Variations in Mechanical Properties / 1.25
1.19 Changes in Carbon Steels on Heating and Cooling / 1.25
1.20 Effects of Grain Size / 1.27
1.21 Annealing and Normalizing / 1.28
1.22 Effects of Chemistry on Steel Properties / 1.28
1.23 Steelmaking Methods / 1.30
1.24 Casting and Hot Rolling / 1.31
1.25 Effects of Punching Holes and Shearing / 1.33
1.26 Effects of Welding / 1.34
1.27 Effects of Thermal Cutting / 1.34
Chapter 2. Fabrication and Erection Thomas Schlafly 2.1
2.1 Estimates, Material Orders, and Shop Drawings / 2.1
2.2 Requirements for Drawings / 2.3
2.3 Fabrication Practices and Processes: Material Preparation / 2.5
2.4 Fabrication Practices and Processes: Assembly, Fitting, and Fastening / 2.8
2.5 Shop Assembly / 2.12
2.6 Rolled Sections / 2.14
2.7 Built-Up Sections / 2.15
vii
viii CONTENTS
2.8 Cleaning and Painting / 2.17
2.9 Fabrication Tolerances / 2.18
2.10 Steel Frame Erection / 2.19
2.11 Erection Equipment / 2.19
2.12 Erection Methods for Buildings / 2.24
2.13 Erection Procedure for Bridges / 2.26
2.14 Field Tolerances / 2.28
2.15 Coordination and Constructability / 2.29
2.16 Safety Concerns / 2.29
2.17 Quality Control and Quality Assurance / 2/29
Chapter 3. Connections Larry S.Muir,P.E.,andWilliam A.Thornton,Ph.D.,P.E. 3.1
3.1 General Considerations for Connection Design / 3.1
3.2 Design of Fasteners and Welds / 3.10
3.3 General Connection Design Procedure / 3.40
3.4 Shear and Axial Beam End Connections / 3.51
3.5 Axial Connections / 3.59
3.6 Moment Connections / 3.77
3.7 Vertical Brace Design by Uniform Force Method / 3.85
3.8 References / 3.104
Chapter 4. Building Codes,Loads,and Fire Protection
Nestor R.Iwankiw,Ph.D.,P.E. 4.1
4.1 Building Codes / 4.1
4.2 Approval of Special Construction / 4.2
4.3 Standard Specifications / 4.2
4.4 Building Occupancy Loads / 4.2
4.5 Roof Loads / 4.7
4.6 Wind Loads / 4.13
4.7 Seismic Loads / 4.21
4.8 Impact Loads / 4.30
4.9 Crane-Runway Loads / 4.30
4.10 Self-Straining Load Effects / 4.31
4.11 Combined Loads / 4.31
4.12 Fire Protection / 4.32
Chapter 5. Criteria for Building Design Roger L.Brockenbrough,P.E. 5.1
5.1 Materials, Design Methods, and Other Considerations / 5.2
5.2 Design for Stability / 5.7
5.3 Design of Tension Members / 5.11
5.4 Design of Compression Members / 5.14
5.5 Design of Flexural Members / 5.19
5.6 Design of Members for Shear / 5.28
5.7 Design for Combined Forces and Torsion / 5.32
5.8 Design of Composite Members / 5.37
5.9 Design of Connections / 5.46
Chapter 6. Design of Building Members Ali A.K.Haris,Ph.D.,P.E.,and Kaise Haris 6.1
6.1 Tension Members / 6.2
6.2 Example—LRFD for Double-Angle Hanger / 6.2
6.3 Example—LRFD for Wide-Flange Truss Members / 6.3
6.4 Compression Members / 6.4
CONTENTS ix
6.5 Example—LRFD for Steel Pipe in Axial Compression / 6.5
6.6 Example—LRFD for Wide-Flange Section with Axial Compression / 6.6
6.7 Example—LRFD for Double Angles with Axial Compression / 6.6
6.8 Steel Beams / 6.8
6.9 Example—LRFD for Simple-Span Floor Beam / 6.10
6.10 Example—LRFD for Floor Beam with Unbraced Top Flange / 6.13
6.11 Example—LRFD for Floor Beam with Overhang / 6.14
6.12 Composite Beams / 6.17
6.13 LRFD for Composite Beam with Uniform Loads / 6.19
6.14 Example—LRFD for Composite Beam with Concentrated Loads and End Moments / 6.29
6.15 Example—LRFD for Wide-Flange Column in a Multistory Rigid Frame / 6.33
Chapter 7. Floor and Roof Systems Daniel A.Cuoco,P.E.,F.ASCE 7.1
FLOORDECKS
7.1 Concrete Fill on Metal Deck / 7.1
7.2 Precast-Concrete Plank / 7.7
7.3 Cast-in-Place Concrete Slabs / 7.8
ROOFDECKS
7.4 Metal Roof Deck / 7.9
7.5 Lightweight Precast-Concrete Roof Panels / 7.11
7.6 Wood-Fiber Planks / 7.12
7.7 Gypsum-Concrete Decks / 7.12
FLOORFRAMING
7.8 Rolled Shapes / 7.14
7.9 Open-Web Joists / 7.16
7.10 Lightweight Steel Framing / 7.16
7.11 Trusses / 7.17
7.12 Stub Girders / 7.19
7.13 Staggered Trusses / 7.19
7.14 Castellated Beams / 7.21
7.15 LRFD Examples for Composite Floors / 7.21
7.16 Dead-Load Deflection / 7.24
7.17 Fire Protection / 7.24
7.18 Vibrations / 7.24
ROOFFRAMING
7.19 Plate Girders / 7.25
7.20 Space Frames / 7.25
7.21 Arched Roofs / 7.26
7.22 Dome Roofs / 7.27
7.23 Cable Structures / 7.28
Chapter 8. Lateral-Force Design Charles W.Roeder,Ph.D.,P.E 8.1
8.1 Description of Wind Forces / 8.1
8.2 Determination of Wind Loads / 8.5
8.3 Seismic Loads in Model Codes / 8.5
8.4 Seismic Design Loads / 8.6
8.5 Dynamic Method of Seismic Load Distribution / 8.11
8.6 Alternate Seismic Design Methods / 8.13
8.7 Structural Steel Systems for Seismic Design / 8.14
8.8 Seismic-Design Limitations on Steel Frames / 8.19
8.9 Forces in Frames Subjected to Lateral Loads / 8.33
8.10 Member and Connection Design for Lateral Loads / 8.39