Structural Materials Technology: An NDT Conference (1996)

417 Pages·2020·53.461 MB·English

by  Hartbower, Paul E., Stolarski, Philip J

STRUCTURAL

MATERIALS

TECHNOLOGY

An NDT Conference

Edited by
PAUL E. HARTBOWER

PHILIP J. STOLARSKI, PE

Sponsored by
THE CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION

CALIFORNIA TRANSPORTATION FOUNDATION

FEBRUARY 20-23, 1996

SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA
Structural Materials Technology-An NIYf Conference
aTECHNOMIC$ublication
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Copyright © 1996 by Technomic Publishing Company, Inc.
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Main entry under title:
Structural Materials Technology-An NDT Conference, 1996
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Bibliography: p.
Index p. 387
Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 94-62454
ISBN No. 1-56676-424-6
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Contents

Preface ix
Opening Remarks XV
Developing NDT Technologies for the Next Century
S. B. Chase, Federal Highway Administration, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Canter,
6300 Georgetown Pike, McLean, VA 22101-2296
Nondestructive Testing and Assessment of Bridges
J. W. Fisher, NSF Engineering Research Center on Advanced Technology for
Large Structural Systems
SESSION 1
Cl-Ultrasonic Testing Techniques for Concrete
Ultrasonic Techniques for the Bonding of Rebar in Concrete Structures ...........................3

A. A. Afshari, R. C. Creese, Industrial and Management System Engineering Dept.,
West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
D. G. Frazer, Physiology Dept., West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
Design, Optimization, and Management of Cathodic Protection of Rebars in Bridges ................9
R. Srinivasan, P. Gopalan, P. R. Zarriello, C. J. Myles-Tochko, J. H. Meyer, D. E. Teagle,
Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723-6099
Measuring Dielectric Properties of Portland Cement Concrete: New Methods .....................16

I. L. AI-Qadi, The Via Department of Civil Engineering, The Center for Infrastructure
Assessment and Management, Virginia Polytechnic and State University,
Blacksburg, VA 24061-0105
R. Mostafa, W. Su, S. M. Riad, The Bradley Department of Electrical Engineering,
The Center for Infrastructure Assessment and Management, Virginia
Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0105
Sl-Ultrasonic Testing of Steel
Ultrasonic Inspection of Bridge Pin and Hanger Assemblies .....................................28

R. D. Gessel, Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc., 83 South King Street,
Suite 820, Seattle, Washington 98104
R. A. Walther, Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc., 330 Pfingsten Road,
Northbrook, IL 60062
Ultrasonic Evaluation of Steel Bridge Girders over Long Ranges •.•.......•••..•••...•..........34

C. Woodward, K. R. White, A. Parashis, CAGE Dept., Box 3CE,
New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
V. Carrica, McCrossan Const. Co., P.O. Box 1717, Las Cruces, NM 88004
A Computerized Imaging System for Ultrasonic Inspection of Steel Bridge Structures ..............40

I. N. Komsky, J. D. Achenbach, Center for Quality Engineering and
Failure Prevention, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
ill
iv Contents
SESSION 2
C2-Bridge Inspection Using Radar
Underwater Non-Destructive Testing for Bridge Substructure Evaluation .........................49

M. J. Garlich, Col/ins Engineers, Inc., 165 North Canal Street,
Suite 975, Chicago, IL 60606
Detection of Delaminations in Concrete Using a Wideband Radar ................................55

0. BOyukoztUrk, H. C. Rhim, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
Measurement of As-Built Conditions Using Ground Penetrating Radar ...........................61

K. Maser, INFRASENSE, Inc., 14 Kensington Rd., Arlington, MA 02174
S2-Fracture Critical Inspections
Field Test Results of an Ultrasonic Applied Stress Measurement System
for Fatigue Load Monitoring ...............................................................68
P. A. Fuchs, S. Petro, Constructed Facilities Center, West Virginia University,
Morgantown, WV 26506
H. GangaRao, U. Halabe, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Constructed Facilities Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
P. Klinkhachorn, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Constructed Facilities Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
A. V. Clark, National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Materials Reliability Division, Boulder, CO 80303
M. G. Lozev, Virginia Transportation Research Council, 530 Edgemont Rd.,
Charlottesville, VA 22903
S. B. Chase, Federal Highway Administration, 6300 Georgetown Pike,
McLean, VA 22101
Computerized Fracture Critical Bridge Inspection Program
with NDE Applications .....................................................................74
P. E. Fish, Wisconsin Department of Transportation, 4802 Sheboygan Ave.,
Madison, Wl 53707-7915
NJDOT Structural Inspection Training Needs .................................................80

R. J. Scancella, G. Tisseverasinghe, W. Carragino, New Jersey Department
of Transportation, Project Engineer Materials, 1035 Parkway Ave.,
CN-600, Trenton, NJ 08625
C2A-NDE of Bridge Foundations
Time Domain Reflectometry Monitoring of Bridge Integrity and Performance .....................85

C. H. Dowding, C. E. Pierce, Department of Civil Engineering,
Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
Determination of Unknown Depth of Bridge Foundations Using
Nondestructive Testing Methods .............................................................91
F. Jalinoos, L. D. Olson, Olson Engineering, Inc., 14818 W. 6th Ave.,
#SA, Golden, CO 80401
Impulse Response Evaluation of Drilled Shafts at the NGES Test
Section at Northwestern University ..........................................................98
S. L. Gassman, R. J. Finno, Department of Civil Engineering,
2145 Sheridan Road, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
S2A-Fatigue Life and NDT
Detection of Fatigue Cracks in Eyebars Using Time of Flight Diffraction .........................104

G. A. Washer, Turner Fairbank Highway Research Center, FHWA,
6300 Georgetown Pike, McLean, VA 22101
Fatigue Evaluation of Highway Bridges Using Ultrasonic Technique ..............................llO

S. H. Petro, Constructed Facilities Center, West Virginia University,
Morgantown, WV 26506-6103
H. V. S. GangaRao, U. B. Halabe, Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering, Constructed Facilities Center,
West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6103
Contents V
Nondestructive Tests for Bridge Fatigue Damage Detection ...•.................................116

S. Alampalli, G. Fu, E. W. Dillon, Transportation Research & Development Bureau,
New York State Department of Transportation, Bldg. 7A, Room 600,
1220 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12232-0869
S2B-Fatigue Life and NDT
A Nondestructive Technique for Monitoring and Evaluating the Stability
of Concrete Highway Bridges .............•...•..........•..•..............................122
M. C. lsola, Michigan Department of Transportation
An Efficient Method for Evaluating the Load Response Behaviour of
Steel and Prestress Concrete Bridges ....•...•...............................................128
J. Stephens, L. Johnson, S. Patterson, CE Dept., Montana State University,
Bozeman, MT 59717
J. Schulz, B. Commander, Bridge Diagnostics Inc., 5398 Manhattan Circle,
S.100, Boulder, CO 80303
Evaluation of a New Strain Monitoring Device .......•..••....................................134

M. A. Taylor, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
P. J. Stolarski, F. Reed, Caltrans, Sacramenta, CA
P. Marek, San Jose State University, CA 95192-0083
S2C-NDE Application
Emergency Monitoring of the Williamsburg Bridge, New York City .............................139

N. Dini, Department of Transportation, 2 Rector Street, 4th Fir., New York, NY 10006
Quantitative Bridge Safety Assessment Utilizing Fracture Mechanics
and Ultrasonic Stress Measurements ........................................................146
A. V. Clark, Materials Reliability Division, National Institute of Standards
and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303
T. A. Anderson, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
Computer Stereo Vision Method for NDE of Bridges ..........................................153
M. F. Petrou, W. S. Joiner, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
Y. J. Chao, J. D. Helm, M. A. Sutton, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
Fracture Critical Inspection and Global Remote Monitoring of
Michigan Street Lift Bridge, Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin .........................................158
P. E. Fish, Specialized Bridge Inspection, Wisconsin Department of Transportation,
4802 Sheboygan Avenue, Madison, Wl 53707-7915
D. W. Prine, BIRL, Northwestern University, 1801 Maple Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201
SESSION 3
C3-Ultrasonic Measurement Techniques
Nondestructive Evaluation of Timber Pile Length .............................................167

R. W. Anthony, Engineering Data Management, Inc., 2301 Research Boulevard,
Suite 110, Fort Col/ins, CO 80526
Impulse Response Testing to Detect Cracks in Bridge Eyebars ..................................173

M. Ragbavendrachar, Division of Structures (OSMI), Caltrans, PO. Box 942874,
Sacramenta, CA 94274-0001
Ultrasonic Measurement of Applied Stress in Steel Highway Bridges .............................179

E. A. Mandracchia, Sonic Force Corporation, Burlingame, CA 94010
S3-NDE Application
Privatization versus In-House State Forces for Structural Inspections ............................185

R. J. Scancella, New Jersey Department of Transportation, Project Engineer
Materials, 1035 Parkway Ave., CN-600, Trenton, NJ 08625
Analysis-Reality and How the Two Compare .................................................192

D. Brierley-Green, Luscombe-Green Associates, 14406 Knowles Road, Tenino, WA 98589
vi Contents
A Passive Structural Health Monitoring System for Bridges ....................................198

B. Westermo, Strain Monitor Systems, Inc., 5151 A Long Branch Ave., ·
San Diego, CA 92107
C3A-Impact-Echo of Concrete
Applications of the Impact-Echo Method for Detecting Flaws in Highway Bridges ..•...•...•......204

M. Sansalone, B. Jaeger, Come// University, lthaca, New York 14853
Damage Assessment by Impact Thsting ......................................................210

I. Villemure, 914 Etienne Marchand, Boucherville, Quebec
C. Ventura, R. A. Sexsmith, University of BC, 2324 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC
S3A-Infrastructure Assessment and Management
Non-Destructive Evaluation of Fatigue Cracking •.........•...•••.........•.••..•.•.•.........216

E. C. Kaslan, Caltrans Division of Structures, Office of Structure Maintenance
and Investigations, CA

The Use of Still Image Transmissions as an NUl' Tool .........................................223

R. J. Scancella, New Jersey Department of Transportation, Project Engineer
Materials, 1035 Parkway Ave., Trenton, NJ 08625
Objective Bridge Condition Assessment. .....................................................228

A. E. Aktan, D. N. Farhey, V. J. Hunt, M. Lenett, A. Levi, University of

Cincinnati Infrastructure Institute, P.O. Box 210071, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0071

V. Dalal, Ohio Department of Transportation, OH
Bridge Inspection and Assessment-Virginia Department of Transportation .......................233

J. E. Coleman, Virginia Department of Transportation, Structure and Bridge
Division, 1401 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23231
C3B-Global Monitoring of Structures
Use of Impact-Echo Method in Bridge Monitoring .......•....................................239

M. S. Aggour, Civil Engineering Department, University of Maryland,

College Park, MD 20742-3021

H. M. Fouad, Higher Technological Institute, Tenth of Ramadan City, Egypt
Development of a Wireless Global Bridge Evaluation and Monitoring System .....................245

K. Maser, INFRASENSE, Inc., 14 Kensington Rd., Arlington, MA 02174
R. Egri, M!A-COM, Inc., 100 Chelmsford St., Lowell, MA 01853
A. Lichtenstein, Bridge Consultant, 26 Trafalgar Rd., Tenaf/y, NJ 07670
S. Chase, Structures Division, FHWA, Turner-Fairbanks Highway Research Station,
6300 Georgetown Pike, McLean, VA 22101
Bridge Non-Destructive Testing Using an Optical Fiber Sensor System ........•..................252

R. L. ldriss, M. B. Kodindouma, NM State University. Department of

Civil Engineering, Box 3CE, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001

S3B-Infrastructure Assessment and Management
Non-Destructive Testing Thchnical Internet System ............................................257

M. K. Chaney, C.W/., ASNT Level-//, 4701 Lawntara St., Hbg., PA 17111
Monitoring of Truck Loads .....................................................••.........262

A. S. Nowak, S. Kim, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, M/ 48109-2125

C3C-Fiberscope and Nuclear Gage Inspection
Nondestructive Search for Existing PC Cable in Shinkansen Elevated Track ......................268

K. Azuma, East Japan Railway Company, Tohoku Construction Office,
1-1-1 ltsutsubashi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, 980 Japan
Fiberscope Inspection of Concrete Box Girder Bridge Set.tions

Following the Northridge Earthquake .......................................................274

P. E. Hartbower, Department of Transportation, Engineering Service Center,
Office of Materials Engineering and Testing Services, 5900 Folsom Boulevard,
Sacramenta, CA 95819
Contents vii
S3C-New NDT Techniques
Developing a Portable Crack Evaluation Tool Based on Shearography ...........................279

A. K. Maji, D. Satpathi, Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico,
Albuquerque, NM 87131
Finite Element Modeling of a Pin-Hanger Connection ............•.................••.........284

A. EI-Khoury, G. Washer, FHWA, 6300 Georgetown Pike, McLean, VA 22101
T. A. Weigel, CE Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
SESSION 4
C4-Tomography and Thermography
Nondestructive Evaluation of Bridge Foundations •............•...............................293

M. F. Aouad, L. D. Olson, Olson Engineering, Inc. 14818 W 6th Ave.,
#SA, Golden, CO 80401
Electrical Resistance Tomography for Imaging Concrete Structures ..............................299

M. Buettner, A. Ramirez, W. Daily, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,
7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550
Study on Limitations of Thermographic Survey Applied to the Detection
of De lamination in Concrete Structures .......•..•..............•............................305
T. Komiyama, Y. Tanigawa, School of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering,
Nagoya Univ., Furou-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya-City, Japan
Y. Nakano, Constec Co., 3-1-46, Nishi-ku, Osaka-City, Japan
Discriminatory Analysis of the Ultrasonic Method for the Quality of
Pored Cast-in-situ Piles ..•............................................•....................3ll
L. Ruijie, Tianjin Port Engineering Institute, Dagunan Road 1474,
Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, P.R. China
54-Acoustic Emission
Study of Fatigue Cracks in Steel Bridge Components Using Acoustic Emissions ...................317

H. L. (Roger) Chen, R. D. Fultineer, Jr., Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Constructed Facilities Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6103
Acoustic Emission Detection, Characterization, and Monitoring of
Steel Bridge Members ...•....•............••...........••.•...........•.........••.......323
M. G. Lozev, G. G. Clemena, VTRC, 530 Edgemont Rd., Charlottesville, VA 22903
J. C. Duke, Jr., M. F. Sison, Jr., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
Blacksburg, VA 24061
Application of Acoustic Emission, Strain Gage, and Optical Sensors
to Moveable Bridges ........•..........................••.................................329
D. W. Prine, Northwestern University, BIRL Industrial Research Laboratory,
1801 Maple Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201
Use of Plate Wave Analysis in Acoustic Emission Testing to Detect and
Measure Crack Growth in Noisy Environments ...............................................335
H. L. Dunegan, Dunegan Engineering Consultants Inc. (DECI), PO. Box 1749,
San Juan Capistrano, CA 92693
P4-Pavement
Electrical Resistance Tomography for Imaging the Spatial Distribution
of Moisture in Pavement Sections ...........................................................342
M. Buettner, A. Ramirez, W. Daily, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,
7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550
Determining Concrete Highway Pavement Thickness Using Wave Speed
Measurements and the Impact-Echo Method .................................................348
M. Sansalone, J.-M. Lin, W. B. Streett, Come// University, lthaca, New York 14853
Instrumentation of Geosynthetically Stabilized Flexible Pavement ..•............................354

I. L. AI-Qadi, T. L. Brandon, B. A. Lacina, S. A. Bhutta, The Via Department
of Civil Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
Blacksburg, VA 24061
viii Contents
New Wave Propagation Devices for Nondestructive Testing of Pavements
and Bridge Decks ••..................................................................•...363
S. Nazarian, Center for Geotechnical & Highway Materials Research,
The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968
M. Baker, Geomedia Research and Development, 6040 S. Strahan Road, El Paso, TX 79932
P4A-Pavement
Use of NDE Methods in Early Detection of Deterioration in Concrete Pavements ..................369

G. Clemena, T. Freeman, S. Lane, M. Lozev, Virginia Transportation Research Council,
530 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903
Laboratory Radar Evaluation of Concrete Decks and Pavements with
and without Asphalt Overlay ...............................................................373
U. B. Halabe, H. L. (Roger) Chen, M. K. Allu, L. Pei, Department of Civil
and Environmental Engineering, Constructed Facilities Center;
West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6103
Current NUT Procedures for Pavement Structural Evaluation ..................................378

N. F. Coetzee, Dynatest Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 71, Ojai, CA 93024
R. C. Briggs, Dynatest Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 337, Starke, FL 32091
W. A. Nokes, P. J. Stolarski, California Department of Transportation, 5900 Folsom Blvd., Sacramenta, CA
Author Index 387
Preface

I have been honored to have had the opportunity to serve as Chairperson of the Steering Committee
for this conference. It has been rewarding to have been able to contribute to the continuation of the
conference begun in 1994 in Atlantic City, New Jersey as a forum for the exchange of information
about new and existing technologies in NOT and continues to bring NOT practitioners together from
the Federal, state, academia and private industry to exchange ideas on how to better manage the in­
frastructure. I know that with the dedicated individuals involved in this year's conference, the future
NOT Conferences will be a success. Thank you for this opportunity to serve you.
NANCY McMULLIN-BOBB
Steering Committee Clwirperson
FHWA
Before the 1994 NOT Conference ended, I was handed the "baton" to continue what Bob Scancella
and others in the New Jersey Department of Transportation developed and named the Structural
Materials Technology and Nondestructive Testing Conference.
As I discovered this was no small task to undertake. No task can be accomplished by one person but
by the collective energy of many. My personal gratitude goes out to the following people: Nancy
McMullin-Bobb and the FHWA for their support of the conference; Bob Scancella, Cheryl Wilson
and Mary Ellen Callahan from the New Jersey Department of Transportation who encouraged me to
keep the vision of the conference in focus and on track; my colleagues at CALTRANS including Paul
Hartbower and Rosme Aguilar who supported me with their work on the Technical Committee and
Erol Kaslan for his excellent work as Session Moderator Chairman; and finally, from CALTRANS,
Linda Petavine and Carol Howard for their assistance in the development and mailing of the confer­
ence brochure.
My very special appreciation goes to the California Transportation Foundation (CTF) and Heinz
Heckeroff of the CTF. Without the leadership of Heinz and the CTF this conference could not have
happened. Thank you Heinz for being the clear thinker I needed when things were getting compli­
cated.
I also thank my wife Cindy for being empathetic and understanding during the many nights and week­
ends I was preoccupied with the conference planning.
I leave the future NOT Conference Committees with the words of one of our great Presidents,
Theodore Roosevelt. This is what it takes to be committed to the conference.
"It is not the critic who counts: not the man who points out how the strong man stumbled or where
the doer of deeds could have done them better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the
arena; whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood; who strives valiantly; who errs, and comes
short again and again, because there is no effort without error and shortcoming; who does actually try
ix