STRUCTURALANALYSISOFHISTORICCONSTRUCTION PROCEEDINGSOFTHESIXTHINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONSTRUCTURAL ANALYSISOFHISTORICCONSTRUCTION,2–4JULY,BATH,UNITEDKINGDOM Structural Analysis of Historic Construction Preserving Safety and Significance VOLUME 1 Editors Dina D’Ayala & Enrico Fodde DepartmentofArchitecture&CivilEngineering, UniversityofBath,Bath,UK CRCPress/BalkemaisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©2008Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,UK TypesetbyCharonTecLtd(AMacmillanCompany),Chennai,India PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyCromwellPressLtd,Towbridge,Wiltshire Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationortheinformationcontainedhereinmaybereproduced,stored inaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,byphotocopying, recordingorotherwise,withoutwrittenpriorpermissionfromthepublishers. 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Publishedby: CRCPress/Balkema P.O.Box447,2300AKLeiden,TheNetherlands e-mail:[email protected] www.crcpress.com–www.taylorandfrancis.co.uk–www.balkema.nl ISBNSet:978-0-415-46872-5(Setof2Volumes+CD-Rom) ISBNVol.1:978-0-415-48109-0 ISBNVol.2:978-0-415-48107-6 StructuralAnalysisofHistoricConstruction–D’Ayala&Fodde(eds) ©2008Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,ISBN978-0-415-46872-5 Table of Contents Preface XV Committees XVII ConferenceSponsors XIX VOLUME1 Invitedpapers Preservationofworkmanshiporworkmanshipforpreservation 3 K.VanBalen&R.Hendrickx ExperiencesfromtheNorthernItaly2004earthquake:Vulnerabilityassessmentand strengtheningofhistoricchurches 13 E.Giuriani&A.Marini 20thcenturycurtainwalls–lossofredundancyandincreaseincomplexity 25 S.J.Kelley StrengtheningofmasonrystructureswithFibreReinforcedPlastics:Frommodern conceptiontohistoricalbuildingpreservation 33 M.R.Valluzzi Thestructuralbehaviourofmasonryvaults:Limitstateanalysiswithfinitefriction 47 D.F.D’Ayala&E.Tomasoni Repairstohistorictimberstructures:Changingattitudesandknowledge 63 D.T.Yeomans AmultidisciplinaryapproachforthestructuralrestorationoftheKatholikonofDafni MonasteryinAtticaGreece 71 A.Miltiadou-Fezans StructuralinterventionsinEnglishCathedrals 89 G.A.Clifton MonasteryofSalzedas(Portugal):Interventioninthecloisterandinformationmanagement 95 P.B.Lourenço,L.F.Ramos,G.Vasconcelos&F.Peña CulturalHeritageprotectionagainstflood–AEuropeanFP6researchproject 109 Ch.Maierhofer,Ch.Köpp,S.Kruschwitz,M.Drdacky,Ch.Hennen,S.Lanza,M.Tomaževicˇ, D.Kolymbas,I.Herle,A.Virsta,L.Binda&P.Askew Definitionofsignificanceandattributionofvalue Structuraldefinitionandcomparisonofearlymedievalroofstructures 121 C.Thelin&K.Linscott V Analysisofarchaicfireprooffloorsystems 129 D.Friedman Interventionlimitsinfloorwoodstructurerestorationofahistoricalbuilding 137 R.T.M.Ribeiro&M.Hoirisch Thesafetyofhistoricload-bearingstructures 143 B.Szabó&I.Kirizsán Concrete:Tooyoungforconservation? 151 H.A.Heinemann,R.P.J.vanHees,T.G.Nijland SignificanceofaMughalMallanditsroleinachievingsafety 161 S.Sanyal Historicalconstructions–Authenticityandadaptationtothemoderndemands 169 I.Bucur-Horváth,I.Popa,M.Bulbuk&J.Virág Champaner-Pavagadh–Managingconflicts–Aconservationchallenge 175 S.M.Modi Historyanddocumentation ConstructionandstructuralbehaviorofVladimirSuchov’sNigrestower 183 M.Beckh,R.Barthel&A.Kutnyi NewstudiesonBrunelleschi’sDomeinFlorence 191 L.Giorgi&P.Matracchi WellsCathedral:Thecrossingandthecentraltower.Anewhypothesisontheconstructional sequenceanddatingofthecentraltower 199 G.DeBlasi Astudyofhistoricaltestdataforbetterinformedassessmentofwrought-ironstructures 207 M.O’Sullivan&T.Swailes Structuralinterpretationofpost-earthquakes(19thcentury)retrofittingonthe SantaMariadegliAngeliBasilica,Assisi,Italy 217 L.Sorrentino,D.Bruccoleri&M.Antonini Engineeringsurvivalandsuccess:Thecontributionsofhistoricstructuralfeaturesinthe spireandtowerofSalisburyCathedral 227 RobertS.Cotta StructureofbaroquechurchroofsinBavaria 235 S.M.Holzer&B.Köck BrickarchbridgesintheHighCaucaRegionofColombia:Aforgottenconstructiontradition 243 J.A.Galindo,J.A.Paredes,A.M.Muñoz&Y.M.Ospina Fromempiricalengineeringtoscience-basedengineering:Theassessmentbythree mathematiciansofthe“SanPietro”Dome(1742) 251 O.Niglio Fromstatichistorytorestorationissues:TheGesúNuovochurchinNaples(Italy) 259 S.Casiello,V.Russo&E.Vassallo BuildingtechniquesoftheZeytinburnuMilitaryFactorybuiltinthe19thcentury 267 A.Çiftçi&N.Seçkin Investigationofthe1716Algiers(Algeria)earthquakefromhistoricalsources 275 A.A.Abdessemed-Foufa&D.Benouar TheMorrodaQueimadaArchaeologicalPark,OuroPreto,MG–Brazil 283 B.T.Oliveira VI Structureasadocument 289 J.Jain Monitoring,nondestructiveevaluationandtesting Historicmultiple-leafmasonrywallmodelsundercompressionandcyclicshearloads 297 R.Capozucca Themasonryvaults:Geometrydefinitionandpossibleapproachestothestaticanalysis 303 O.Corbi Damageidentificationinmasonrystructureswithvibrationmeasurements 311 L.F.Ramos,P.B.Lourenço,G.DeRoeck&A.Campos-Costa Stressanalysisofmasonrystructures:Arches,wallsandvaults 321 A.Baratta,I.Corbi&O.Corbi EvaluationofhistoricDieh-DoubuildingsinTaiwan 331 P.-H.Tsai&D.D’Ayala Experimentaltechniquesfortheevaluationofthelong-termbehaviourofmasonry strengtheningmaterials 339 P.Bocca&A.Grazzini ExperimentalandnumericalstudiesonthebelltowerofSantaJustayRufina(Orihuela-Spain) 349 S.Ivorra,F.Pallarés&J.M.Adam Theanalysisofthestrainsandstressesofthereinforcedbrickvaults 357 J.Jasien´ko&Ł.Bednarz Crackingsimulationofbrick-masonryelementssubjectedtothedoubleflat-jacktest 367 A.Carpinteri,S.Invernizzi&G.Lacidogna NumericalsimulationandmonitoringoftheCathedralofSyracuseinSicily 375 A.Carpinteri,S.Invernizzi,G.Lacidogna,A.Manuello&L.Binda ShakingtabletestsonthelargescalemodelofMustafaPashaMosquewithoutand withFRP 383 L.Krstevska,Lj.Tashkov,K.Gramatikov,R.Landolfo,O.Mammana,F.Portioli& F.M.Mazzolani Integratedmodelingmethodfordynamicbehaviorofancientpagodas 393 J.Yuan,L.Yao,S.Li&D.Abruzzese MonitoringandstrengtheninginterventionsonthestonetombofCansignoriodellaScala, Verona,Italy 403 G.Gaudini,C.Modena,F.Casarin,C.Bettio&F.Lucchin Seismicbehaviourofbarrelvaultsystems 413 A.Marini,G.Giardina,P.Riva&E.Giuriani Assessmentofmaterialdegradationbasedonmicrocorestesting 423 M.Skłodowski Structuralperformanceofrivetedconnectionsinhistoricalmetalstructures 431 M.D’Aniello,L.Fiorino&R.Landolfo Diagnostictestsandnumericalsimulationsforthepreservationoftwostonestairwaysinthe historiccentreofGenoa(Italy) 441 A.Brignola,A.DelGrosso,S.Podestà,S.Resemini&G.Riotto Evaluationofironandsteelinhistoricbridges 451 S.P.Sparks VII Diagnosisandanalysisoftwoking-posttrusses 459 J.M.Branco,P.J.S.Cruz&M.Piazza Nondestructiveandlaboratoryevaluationofstrengthofdecayedwoodmembersinahistoric constructionlocatedinGorgan(NorthofIran) 469 M.Madhoushi,J.Eimanian&M.P.Ansell Thestructuralbehaviourofspires 473 E.Olosz&B.Szabó In-situandlaboratoryinvestigationsonmaterialsandstructuresforthestaticimprovement: “TorreQuadratadelCircoRomano”(Milan) 481 S.Bortolotto,E.Ciocchini,F.Zangheri&P.M.DeMarchi Dynamicmulti-bodybehaviourofhistoricmasonrybuildingsmodels 489 D.D’Ayala,Y.Shi&C.Stammers Assessmentandstrengtheningmasonryarchbridges 497 C.L.Brookes Fieldtestsofatimberqueen-posttrussandnumericalanalysis 507 J.M.Branco,P.J.S.Cruz,M.Piazza&H.Varum Assessmentandanalyticaltechniques Modellingofvaultsasequivalentdiaphragmsin3Dseismicanalysisofmasonrybuildings 517 S.Cattari,S.Resemini&S.Lagomarsino Modellingofdamageaccumulationinmasonrysubjectedtoalong-termcompressiveload 525 E.Verstrynge,S.Ignoul,L.Schueremans&D.VanGemert Amethodforstudyingmulti-bodydynamicsanditsapplicationstomasonrystructuresanalysis 533 G.Gariup,I.Pitacco&P.R.Fabregat Load-carryingcapacityofmulti-spanmasonryarchbridgeshavinglimitedductility 541 G.deFelice Assessmentofirregularmasonrywalls 547 N.Augenti&A.Romano GeometricalandstaticaspectsoftheCupolaofSantaMariadelFiore,Florence(Italy) 555 A.Cecchi,I.Chiaverini&A.Passerini Someconsiderationsonout-of-planecollapsemodesofmasonrywalls 565 G.Brandonisio,E.Mele&A.DeLuca Innovativetechniquesforstructuralassessment:ThecaseoftheHolyShroudChapelinTurin 575 A.DeStefano,D.Enrione&G.Ruocci Onthetheoryoftheellipseofelasticityasanaturaldiscretisationmethodinthedesignof Padernod’AddaBridge(Italy) 583 R.Ferrari&E.Rizzi Lower-boundanalysisofmasonryvaults 593 P.Block&J.Ochsendorf Assessmentofseismicresistanceofabasilicachurch:Modelling,analysisand strengtheningproposal 601 M.Betti&A.Vignoli EstimationoftheseismichistoryofthecityofThessalonikithroughbackanalysisofits Byzantinelandwalls 611 K.-A.Stylianidis&A.Sextos VIII EarthquakebasedconditionmonitoringoftheKatholikonofDafniMonastery 621 H.P.Mouzakis,A.Miltiadou,N.Delinikolas,P.Touliatos&J.Dourakopoulos ContinuousanddiscontinuousmodelingofthestructuresinBayontemple,Angkor 629 T.Maeda,T.Yamamoto&T.Hirai SafetyassessmentoftempleE7inMy˜ So,n,VietNam 635 P.Condoleo,A.Taliercio&L.Binda Constructionprocess,damageandstructuralanalysis.Twocasestudies 643 R.González,F.Caballé,J.Domenge,M.Vendrell,P.Giráldez,P.Roca&J.L.González AnalysisanddiagnosisoftimberstructuresofPortohistoricalcentre 653 T.Ilharco,J.M.Guedes,A.Arêde,E.Paupério&A.G.Costa BaroqueroofstructuresinTransylvania–Researchandanalyses 663 D.Makay&B.Szabó TheAthensParthenon:Analysisandinterpretationofthestructuralfailuresoftheorthostateof thenorthernwall 673 E.E.Toumbakari StructuralassessmentoftheWinterGardenoftheRoyalGlasshousesofLaeken,Belgium 683 L.Lauriks,I.Wouters,S.Adriaenssens,M.deBouw&B.Verbeeck Towardsasystematicdiagnosisofstructuraldamage 689 I.A.E.deVent,R.P.J.vanHees&G.J.Hobbelman Fromgeometricalandcrackssurveytostaticanalysismethod:ThecasestudyofSantaMaria delQuartieredome,inParma(Italy) 697 F.Ottoni Abenchmarkingstudyoftheanalysisofnon-reinforcedstructuresappliedtothestructural behaviorofdomes 705 P.Morer&R.Goñi StructuralanalysisoftheCasertaRoyalPalacetimberroofconnections 715 G.Fabbrocino,G.Marcari,C.Laorenza&E.Cosenza Real-timeProbabilistichealthmonitoringofthePortogruaroCivicTower 723 D.Zonta,M.Pozzi,P.Zanon,G.A.Anese&A.Busetto Authorindex 733 VOLUME2 Experimentalstudies Onthestrengtheningofthree-leafstonemasonrywalls 739 R.A.Silva,D.V.Oliveira&P.B.Lourenço Long-termbehaviourofhistoricalmasonry–Aquantitativeacquisitionofthedamageevolution 747 E.Verstrynge,L.Schueremans,D.VanGemert,S.Ignoul&M.Wevers Experimentalassessmentandmodellingofin-planebehaviouroftimberfloors 755 M.R.Valluzzi,E.Garbin,M.DallaBenetta&C.Modena BondbehaviourofCFRPandGFRPlaminatesonbrickmasonry 763 M.Panizza,E.Garbin,M.R.Valluzzi&C.Modena Experimentalshearbehaviorofstonemasonryjoints 771 G.Vasconcelos,P.B.Lourenço&D.Oliveira IX