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Strong Motion Instrumentation for Civil Engineering Structures PDF

596 Pages·2001·32.165 MB·English
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Strong Motion Instrumentation for Civil Engineering Structures NATO Science Series ASeriespresentingtheresultsofactivitiessponsoredbytheNATOScience Committee.TheSeriesispublishedbylOSPressandKluwerAcademic Publishers, inconjunction withtheNATOScientificAffairsDivision. A. LifeSciences lOSPress B. Physics KluwerAcademic Publishers C. Mathematicaland PhysicalSciences KluwerAcademic Publishers D. Behaviouraland SocialSciences KluwerAcademic Publishers E. AppliedSciences KluwerAcademic Publishers F. ComputerandSystemsSciences lOS Press 1. DisarmamentTechnologies KluwerAcademic Publishers 2. EnvironmentalSecurity KluwerAcademicPublishers 3. HighTechnology KluwerAcademic Publishers 4. ScienceandTechnologyPolicy lOS Press 5. ComputerNetworking lOS Press NATO-PCO-DATA BASE The NATOScience Seriescontinuestheseriesofbookspublishedformerly intheNATOASI Series.AnelectronicindextotheNATOASISeriesprovidesfullbibliographicalreferences (with keywordsand/orabstracts)tomorethan50000contributionsfrominternationalscientists published inallsectionsoftheNATOASISeries. AccesstotheNATO-PCO-DATABASEispossibleviaCD-ROM"NATO-PCO-DATABASE"with user-friendlyretrievalsoftware inEnglish,FrenchandGerman (WTVGmbHand DATAWARE TechnologiesInc.1989). TheCD-ROM oftheNATOASISeriescanbeorderedfrom:PCO,Overijse,Belgium SeriesE:AppliedSciences- Vol.373 Strong Motion Instrumentation for Civil Engineering Structures edited by M. Erdik Department of Earthquake Engineering, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Department of Earthquake Engineering, Bogazivi University, yengelk6y, Istanbul, Turkey M. Celebi U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, U.S.A. v. Mihailov Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, University of 'St. Cyril and Methodius', Republic of Macedonia and N. Apaydm Motorway Bridge Department, General Directorate ofTurkish Highways, Zincirlikuyu, Istanbul, Turkey Springer Science+Business Media, B.V. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Strong Motion Instrumentation for Civil Engineering Structures Istanbul, Turkey June 2-5, 1999 A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-0-7923-6917-2 ISBN 978-94-010-0696-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-010-0696-5 Printed an acid-free paper AII Rights Reserved © 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2001 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 2001 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface .ix Timothy K.Ahern State-ofThe-ArtTechnologyForData Storage andDissemination 1 Moh 1.Huang, AnthonyF. Shakal Structure Instrumentation In The California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program 17 Farzad Naeim LearningFromSeismic ResponseofInstrumentedBuildings DuringThe 1994 NorthridgeEarthquake .33 RobertNigbor, John Fort New DevelopmentsIn Health MonitoringForCivil Structures 53 Dario Rinaldis ExperimentalDynamicAnalysisofHistoric Monuments andBuildings 61 William U.Savage Utilization ofRapidPost-EarthquakeData By Utilities 81 Erdal Safak Analysis ofEarthquakeRecords FromStructures:An Overview 91 R.T.Severn StructuralMonitoring ofBridges -An Overview 109 M.D.Trifunac, M.1.Todorovska RecordingandInterpretingEarthquakeResponseofFull-ScaleStructures 131 RobertF. BallardJr. u.s. The Army Corps ofEngineersSeismicStrong-Motion Instrumentation Program 157 R.D.Borcherdt, H.P. Liu, R.E. Westerlund, C. Dietel, 1.F. Gibbs,R.E.Warrick IntegratedSurface andBoreholeStrong-Motion, Soil-Response Arrays in San Francisco, California 167 Mehmet Celebi Current and New Trends In Utilization ofData From InstrumentedStructures ....179 vi G.R. Darbre Instrumentation ofDam StructuresIn Switzerland 195 E. Durukal,M.Erdik, S.Cimilli StrongMotion Networks:A Toolfor theAssessmentofEarthquake ResponseofHistoricalMonuments 209 John R. Evans WirelessMonitoring and Low-CostAccalerometersForStructures AndUrban Sites .229 Asterios A.Liolios TheNeedfor Data FromInstrumentedStructuresfor an OptimalControl Approach to the Seismic Interaction betweenAdjacentBuildings .243 C. Richard Liu, LanlingZhou, Xuemin Chen, S.T.Mau WirelessSensorsfor StructuralMonitoring 253 Jose A. Martinez-Cruzado,Esteban L. Llop-Ramirez Puerto Rico Strong Motion NetworkandInstrumentedBuildings 267 VladimirMihailov,Dragi Dojcinovski Strong Motion Instrumentations ofDams InMacedonia Some ExperienceandResults 275 YutakaNakamura An EffectiveEarthquake MonitoringProcess ForEmergencyResponse 293 YutakaNakamura, Dilek E.Gurler Estimation ofDynamic CharacteristicsofGround andStructures With MicrotremorMeasurements -A Supportive Toolfor Strong GroundMotion Instrumentation 303 Carlos E.Ventura,Yuming Ding Strong Motion Instrumentation OfBuildings .313 Chris Wood,Andy Viksne, Jon Ake, David Copeland CurrentStatus ofStrong-Motion Monitoring and NotificationAt The United States Bureau ofReclamation 331 Nurdan Apaydin, Mustafa Erdik StructuralVibrationMonitoring Systemfor theBosporus Suspension Bridges .343 Vll M. Baur,O.Novak, 1. Eibl, D.Lungu Soil-Structure-Interaction and Seismic Isolation,an Inter-Disciplinary Investigation at the MultidisciplinarySeismicTestSite lncerc, Bucharest,Romania 369 MehmetCelebi GPS In Dynamic MonitoringofLong-PeriodStructures 383 R.N. Celik Real TimeLargeStructure Monitoring Using TheInclination Sensor .397 R.N. Celik, T.Ayan, H.Denli,T.Ozludemir, S. Erol, B.Ozoner, N.Apaydin, M.Erincer, S.Leinen, E.Groten MonitoringDeformation OnKarasu Viaduct Using GPS &Precise LevelingTechniques .407 D.M. Dojcinovski, DJ.Mamucevski and v.P.Mihailov Seismic MonitoringofNuclear PowerPlants;AnApproach ToOptimaland MoreAccurateSeismic Data Processingand Interpretation Procedure ..: .417 W.D.L.Finn,E.Zhai, T.Thavaraj,X.-S.Hao and C.E. Ventura Analysis ofData From Strong Motion NetworkIn FraserDelta, British Columbia, Canada .433 S.S. Ivanovic,M.D.Trifunac and M.D.Todorovska OnIdentification ofDamageInStructures ViaWaveTravelTimes .447 Toshihide Kashima, Izuru Okawa and Shin Koyama EarthquakeMotion Observation In andAround8-StorySRC Building .469 V.A.Lekidis,C.Z.Karakostas, D.G.Talaslidis Instrumentation, Measurements and NumericalAnalysisBridges: An Example ofThe Cable-StayedBridge on Evripos Channel, Greece .481 J.Leonov DamageDetection In Semi-RigidJoint, RC FramesSubjectedToStrong Motion Excitation .495 D. Lungu, C.Arion, A.Aldea, S. Demetriu AssessmentofSeismic Hazard In Romania Basedon 25YearsofStrong GroundMotion Instrumentation 505 Chikahiro Minowa, Michio Iguchi and Masanori Iiba Measurement ofLateralEarth Pressures on an EmbeddedFoundation DuringEarthquakes 519 viii ShahramPezeshk, MehmetCelebi, Greg Steiner, CharlesV. Camp,Howard Hwang Seismic Instrumentation ofThe1-40MississippiRiverBridgein Memphis, Tennessee 533 T.Rashidov EngineeringandSeismometricService in theBuildings ofTashkentandTashkentRegions 545 K.M. Rasmussen, S.R.K. Nielsen, P.H.Kirkegaard Stress WavePropagation Due toa MovingForce:Comparison of FEMandBEMSolutions 55I V. Zaalishvili StrongMotion inAbsorbingNonlinearMedium andProblems ofTheir Registration 56I Y.Zaslavsky, J.Leonov,A. Shapira SeismicResponseStudyofTwo-StoreyBuildinginEilat Using Weak andStrong Motion Data 573 V. Zaalishvili,1.Timchenko,V. Kacharava, Z.Zaalishvili StrongMotion Instrumentation ForStructures ofCivil Engineeringand EconomicalAspectsofPlanningofTerritoryofBig Cities 593 SubjectIndex 603 PREFACE Theprovisionofearthquakeresistant structuresandfacilitiesisoneofthemain concerns of Civil and Earthquake Engineering Profession. As such, the main objective of seismic instrumentation program for civil engineering structural systems is to improve our understanding of the behavior and potential for damage of structures under the dynamic loads ofearthquakes. As a result of this understanding, design and construction practices can be modified so that future earthquake damage is minimized. Therefore, there are significantimplications in(a)hazard reduction,(b)improvementofcodes,(c)identification ofseismic responsecharacteristics ofstructuralsystemthat maybeusedindeterminationof strategies for improvement oftheir performances. There are twomain approaches toevaluateseismicbehaviorand performance ofstructural systems. One requires a laboratory in which subsystems,components, or (if the facility is large enough) prototypes or large, scaled models of complete systems are tested under static, quasi-static,ordynamic loading.Thisapproachdoesnotnecessarilydemand atime dependent testing scheme, such as a shaking table or hydraulically powered and electronically controlled loading systems; however, testing of structural systems under controlled simulated environments is desirable. Since the early 1950's such laboratory research hasincreasedbothinquantityandquality,withengineeringcollegesintheUnited States and private and governmental laboratories in Japan playing a key role. Laboratory testing has also contributed substantially to our understanding ofdynamic soil properties and the interaction phenomenon betweenthesoiland structure. The second approach toevaluate behavior and performance ofstructural systems isto use the natural laboratory of the Earth, byobservingand studying damage to structures from earthquakes.By determining why specificdesigns lack earthquake resistance and then by using extensive laboratory testing of modified designs, significant progress in improved designs can be achieved. The validity ofthe modelsofanalysis used in the assessment of the earthquake behavior of structures can only be checked by way of comparison with relevant field observations. For such design studies, a natural laboratory would be a seismically prone area that offers a variety of structural systems. Integral to the "natural laboratory" approach is the advance instrumentation of selected structures so that their responses can be recorded during future earthquakes. Thus, it is essential that integrated arrays of instrumentation be planned and installed to assess thoroughly the relation of ground motion that starts at a source and is transmitted through various soils to a substructure and finally to a superstructure.The direction for seismologists and engineers working together is clear; to develop integrated networks which measure the seismic source,thetransmittal ofground motion,andthestructural responseprocesses. IX x Strongmotion instrumentationofstructures hasbeenutilized since 1940's.Throughoutthe world, strong motion instrumentation networks have been installed on buildings, monumental and historic structures, bridges, dams, tunnels, pipelines and power plants. Recent strong earthquakes, Mexico City (1985), Loma Prieta (1989), Landers (1992), Northridge(1994), and Kobe(1995) haveyieldedawealth ofstructural response data from instrumented structures. These data have contributed tothe evolution and enhancement of seismic analysis and design methodologies,seismicbuildingcodesand practices.In the last decade, there have been significant advances in the development of digital seismic monitoringsystems, data retrieval, processing, storage and dissemination capabilities.The new strong motion recording instruments with advanced technologies allow for: High dynamic range (24-bit with micro-g acceleration resolution); Large memory capacity (few hours); On-board real-time processing of data and; Extensive communication options. These developments have reducedthe initial andthemaintenancecostofthestrong motion instrumentationand pavedthe path fortheir increased utilization. Recent changes in instrumentation technology and the need by public officials as well as the public for early damage assessment and disaster response haveadded a newdimension to these efforts. The ideal venue for obtaining strong-motion response data is now being considered in terms of real-time acquisition and processing. Monitoring the dynamic behaviorof structures for quick damage assessment and early warning are new and active areas of research. Although still in development stage, several developments in the structuralhealth monitoringtechnologyisslowlytaking placewithin severalstrong-motion programs, for research and on "as needed and feasiblebasis".Developments for real-time (or near-real-time) serviceability assessment for important lifelines (bridges, dams and pipelines) are also being implemented. It should be noted that, most of the existing strong motion instrumentation on civil engineering structures are installed and operated as federal, state, university, industry or private applications. In many cases, there is very little or no coordination between them. Some of them are managed as closed systems. Limited co-operation programs and data exchange arrangements hinder difficulties and delays in acquisition ofstrong motion and structural data, even within the same country,byengineers and researchers external to the system. As a result of this lack of coordination and information, the strong-motion data obtained from the instrumented structures are not fully utilized by the engineering profession. In the on-going globalization movement there exist a strong desire and need for co operation in strong motion instrumentation programs and enhanced data exchange programs. Similarly, there exist a strong needtoinform practicingengineerson the useof existingstrong-motiondata and toimprovetheworldwideaccessibility ofdata.The NATO ARW held and this publication isan attempt toanswer this needthrough dissemination of the developmentson strong motion instrumentationofcivilengineeringstructures. The editors wish to express their deep appreciation to NATO, other sponsoring organizations and several individuals whose personal efforts made the workshop and,

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