Strong Ground Motion Seismology

609 Pages·1987·14.203 MB·English

by  Keiiti Aki (auth.), Mustafa Özder Erdik, M. Nafi Toksöz (eds.)

Strong Ground Motion Seismology
NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institutes Series
A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO Science Committee,
which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge,
with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities.
The series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the
NATO Scientific Affairs Division
A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation
B Physics London and New York
C Mathematical D. Reidel Publishing Company
and Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster and Tokyo
D Behavioural and Social Sciences Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
E Engineering and Dordrecht, Boston and Lancaster
Materials Sciences
F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag
G Ecological Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London,
H Cell Biology Paris, and Tokyo
Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences Vol. 204
Strong Ground
Motion Seismology
edited by
Mustafa Ozder Erdik
Earthquake Engineering Research Center,
Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
and
M. Nafi ToksQZ
Earth Resources Laboratory,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Springer-Science+Susiness Media, S.v.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on
Strong Ground Motion Seismology
Ankara, Turkey
June 10-21, 1985
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
NATO Advanced Study Institute on Strong Ground Motion Seismology (1985: Ankara, Turkey)
Strong ground motion seismology.
(NATO ASI series. Series C, Mathematical and physical sciences; voi. 204)
"Proceedings ofthe NATO Advanced Study Institute on Strong Ground Motion
Seismology, Ankara, Turkey, June 1Q -21, 1985"-verso of t.p.
lncludes index.
1. Seismology-congresses. 1. Erdik, Mustata. 11. Toksăz, M. N., 1934-
111. Title. IV. Series: NATO ASI series. Series C, Mathematical and physical sciences;
vol.204.
QE31.N375 1985 551.2'2 87-12819
ISBN 978-90-481-8440-8 ISBN 978-94-017-3095-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-3095-2
Ali Rights Reserved
© 1987 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by O. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland in 1987
and copyrightholders as specified on appropriate pages within.
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording
or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the
copyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface vii
List of Participants ix
SECTION 1: EARTHQUAKE SOURCE
K. Aki / Strong Motion Seismology 3
M. N. ToksQz, A. M. Dainty and J. Nabelek / Earthquake Source
Mechanisms: Case Studies 41
G. De Natale, R. Madariaga, R. Scarpa and A. Zollo / Source
Parameters of Some Friuli Earthquakes (1976-1977)
From Strong Motion Data 85
F. Abramovici and J. Baumgarten / The Seismic Inverse Problem
For a Flat Structure 99
SECTION 2: PREDICTION OF STRONG GROUND MOTION
D. ;1. Boore / The Prediction of Strong Ground Hotion 109
P. Suhadolc and C. Chiaruttini / A Theoretical Study of the
Dependence of the Peak Ground Acceleration on
Source and Structure Parameters 143
M. Bouchon / Numerical Simulation of Earthquake Ground Motion 185
G. C. Beroza and V. F. Cormier / High Frequency Earthquake
Strong Ground Motion in Laterally Varying Media:
The Effect of a Fault Zone 209
M. N. ToksQz, R. S. Wu and D. P. Schmitt / Physical Mechanisms
Contributing to Seismic Attenuation in the Crust 225
vi TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 3: ACQUISITION AND INTERPRETATION OF STRONG MOTION
DATA (INCLUDING CASE HISTORIES)
M. Basili / Data Acquisition and Processing in Strong
Motion Seismology 251
A. Rovelli / Strong Ground Motions in Italy: Accelerogram
Spectral Properties and Prediction of Peak Values 333
F. K. Chang / Analysis of Strong-Motion Data From the New
Hampshire Earthquake of 18 January 1982 355
Y. Ohta, H. Kagami, S. Okada and H. Ohashi / Seismic
Intensity and its Applications to Engineering:
A Study in Japan 369
Y. Ohta, H. Ohashi, O. Ergunay and A. Tabban / Seismic
Intensity and its Applications to Engineering:
A Study in Turkey 385
SECTION 4: HAZARD ASSESSMENT
C. S. Oliveira / Probabilistic Models for Assessment of
Strong Ground Motion 405
V. Doyuran / Seismic Source Regionalization 461
SECTION 5: SITE RESPONSE AND ENGINEERING APPLICATION
M. Erdik / Site Response Analysis 479
A. M. Ansal / Constitutive Relationships for Soil Dynamics 535
R. Scherer / Source and Local Site Effects-Preliminary
Results Based on the Friuli Earthquake Sequence 1976 545
M. Erdik / Soil Structure Interaction Effects on Strong
Ground Motion 559
P. Gulkan / Engineering Uses of Strong Motion Data 581
Index 605
PREFACE
This book contains selected papers presented at the NATO Advanced
Study Institute on "Strong Ground Motion Seismology", held in Ankara,
Turkey between June 10 and 21, 1985.
The strong ground motion resulting from a major earthquake
determines the level of the seismic hazard to enable earthquake
engineers to assess the structural performance and the consecutive
risks to the property and life, as well as providing detailed
information to seismologists about its source mechanism. From the
earthquake engineering point the main problem is the specification of
a design level ground motion for a given source-site-structure-economic
life and risk combination through deterministic and probabilistic
approaches. In seismology the strong motion data provide the high
frequency information to determine the rupture process and the
complexity of the source mechanism. The effects of the propagation
path on the strong ground motion is a research area receiving sub
stantial attenuation both from earthquake engineers and seismologists.
The Institute provided a venue for the treatment of the subject
matter by a series of lectures on earthquake source models and near
field theories; effects of propagation paths and site conditions,
numerical and empirical methods for prediction; data acquisition and
analysis; hazard assessment and engineering application.
The book is organized in five sections. The first section on the
Earthquake Source begins with a general paper on strong motion seismology,
followed by treatments on earthquake source mechanisms with several
case studies. The assessment of strong ground motion for engineering
design relies both on empirical and theoretical methods. These methods
are covered in the second section on the Prediction of Strong Ground
Motion in a series of papers dealing with source and propagating path
parameters, attenuation and scattering effects and numerical simulation
procedures. The third section titled Acquisition and Interpretation of
Strong Motion Data encompasses the steps for the acquisition and
processing of the strong motion data with particular emphasis on network
management and analog-to-digital conversion. Papers on case studies
dealing with strong ground motion data analysis and seismic intensity
assessments in several parts of the world complement the theoretical
treatment. Probabilistic models for the assessment of Strong Ground
Motion based on point process to describe its occurrence in space,
time and size, and based on a continuous time-dependent process to
describe its var~tion for a given occurence are covered under the
fourth section on Hazard Assessment. The importance of the geologic
and tectonic environment in occurence models are amplified in another
vii
viii PREFACE
paper in the same section. Fifth section is devoted to the site
response and £ngineering analysis. Determination of the site response
for a given seismic environment is an important engineering problem
not only for the design of structures but also for the proper
interpretation of strong motion records obtained at the building
foundation. Both issues are treated in depth with complementing material
on the constitutive relationship for soils and on the observational data
on local site effects on strong ground motion. The last paper in this
section of the book deals with the engineering uses of strong motion
data providing a venue for the earthquake resistant design of structures.
Strong ground motion, a problem of mutual interest to earthquake
engineers and seismologists, can be ideally studied through interaction
between both disciplines. The editors would be happy if this publication
imparts small momentum to this communication.
We are grateful to NATO Scientific Affairs Division which provided
the opportunity to carry out the institute and the grant towards its
finance. The contributions by Kinemetrics Inc., U.S.Army Research and
Development Office, Turkish Electricity Authority, Turkish Scientific
and Technical Research Council, Middle East Technical University and
Sprengnether Inc. should also be acknowledged with gratitude.
We wish to express our appreciation Sad1k Bak1r who assisted in
arranging the format of the book and supervised the drawings and to
Dilek Karakaya who typed the manuscripts 1n the uniform format.
Finally, we are grateful to the participants in the Advance Study
Institute for their involvement and, specifically, for their contribution
to this book.
M.o.Erdik, M.N.Toksoz
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Dr. Flavian Abramovici, Professor Dr. Orner Alptekin, Professor
Tel Aviv University Black Sea University
School of Mathematical Sciences Dept. of Geophysics
Ramat Aviv, 69978 Trabzon, Turkey
Tel Aviv, Israel
Dr.Atilla Ansal, Professor
Dr. William Mansfield Adams Istanbul Technical University
Professor of Geophysics Dept of civil Engrg.
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Ayaza~a
Hawaii Institute of Geophysics Istanbul, Turkey
2525 Correa Road
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
Ms.Ionela Apopei
Scientific Researcher
Glirbliz Akcora Geophysikalisches Institut
Turkish Electricity Authority der Universitaet Karlsruhe
Nuclear Power Plants Division Hertzstrasse 16
Han~meli Sok. 9 7500 Karlstruhe-West
Ankara, Turkey West Germany
Suzan Akcora Ms.Ref'an Ate§
TUBITAK-Building Research Inst. Earthquake Research Division
Bilir Sokak, No.17 Ministry of Public Works and Housing
Kavakl~dere, Ankara Lodumlu, Ankara
Turkey Turkey
Dr. Keiiti Aki, Professor Mr.Alkut Aytun
University of Southern California TUBITAK-Building Research Inst.
Department of Geological Sciences Bilir Sokak, 17
University Park, Los Angeles Kavakl~dere, Ankara
California, 90089-0741 Turkey
U.S.A.
Mr •G linruh Ba~C1
Dr. Nuri Akka§, Professor Hacettepe University
Middle East Technical University Dept of Geological Engrg.
Earthquake Engineering Research Center Beytepe, Ankara
Ankara, Turkey Turkey
Dr. Mazin A.H.Al-Salim Dr. Mauro Basili, Director
Research Seismologist Laboratorio Ingegneria dei Siti
Scientific Research Council ENEA
Building Research Center S.P.Anguillarese, 301
Seismology Unit 00100 Roma A.D.
P.O.Box 2l36-Baghdad Italy
Iraq
ix